Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas visuomeninių pastatų atnaujinimo procesas. Pagrindiniai tyrimo objektai yra visuomeninių pastatų atnaujinimo procesas, akcentuojant sprendimų priėmimo procesą pagal darnos principus, atnaujinimo procese dalyvaujančios sprendimus priimančios grupės, ir jų informavimas apie darnų pastatų atnaujinimą. Pagrindinis disertacijos tikslas yra visuomeninių pastatų atnaujinimo pagal darnos principus apimčių įtakojimas, pasitelkiant daugiakriterinės analizės metodus sprendimų priėmimui, ir e-mokymo sistemą, žinių apie darnų pastatų atnaujinimą platinimui. Darbe sprendžiami keli pagrindiniai uždaviniai: įvairių pasaulio šalių mokslininkų tyrimų darnaus visuomeninių pastatų atnaujinimo apžvalgos atlikimas; visuomeninių pastatų atnaujinimo pagal darnos principus teorinio modelio sudarymas; kai kurių modelio dalių praktinio realizavimo pavyzdžių pateikimas, sprendimų priėmimui pasitelkiant daugiakriterinės analizės metodus; e-mokymo modulio apie darnų pastatų atnaujinimą kūrimas. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai, bendrosios išvados, literatūros šaltinių sąrašas ir priedas. Antrajame skyriuje analizuojami Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių mokslininkų darnaus pastatų atnaujinimo tyrimai, atnaujinimo projektai Lietuvoje ir užsienyje, naujausi Lietuvos ir Europos Sąjungos teisės aktai, reglamentuojantys energijos taupymą. Trečiajame skyriuje remiantis pirmame skyriuje atlikta Lietuvos ir užsienio mokslinių tyrimų analizę suformuluojami pagrindiniai darnaus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The main idea of current PhD thesis is an analysis of the public buildings refurbishment according to sustainability principles. The objects of investigation are refurbishment process of public buildings by emphasizing decision making process according to sustainability principles, decision making groups that take part in refurbishment process and affordability principle concerning sustainable refurbishment. The aim of work is influence on scope of refurbishment of public buildings according to sustainable development principles by using multi-criteria analysis methods for making decisions and by using electronic teaching system for knowledge dissemination concerning sustainable building refurbishment. For this aim the following main tasks are approached: review of the researches made by scientists of various countries in the field of sustainable refurbishment of public buildings; creation of theoretical model for refurbishment of public buildings according to sustainable development principles; presentation of practical realization examples of some model parts by using multi-criteria analysis methods for decision making; creation of electronic teaching module for knowledge dissemination concerning sustainable renovation. The dissertation consists of the introduction, four chapters, conclusions, bibliography and appendixes. The first chapter analyses Lithuanian and foreign scientists’ researches in the field of sustainable building refurbishment, refurbishment projects in... [to full text]

The main idea of current PhD thesis is an analysis of the public buildings refurbishment according to sustainability principles. The objects of investigation are refurbishment process of public buildings by emphasizing decision making process according to sustainability principles, decision making groups that take part in refurbishment process and affordability principle concerning sustainable refurbishment. The aim of work is influence on scope of refurbishment of public buildings according to sustainable development principles by using multi-criteria analysis methods for making decisions and by using electronic teaching system for knowledge dissemination concerning sustainable building refurbishment. For this aim the following main tasks are approached: review of the researches made by scientists of various countries in the field of sustainable refurbishment of public buildings; creation of theoretical model for refurbishment of public buildings according to sustainable development principles; presentation of practical realization examples of some model parts by using multi-criteria analysis methods for decision making; creation of electronic teaching module for knowledge dissemination concerning sustainable renovation. The dissertation consists of the introduction, four chapters, conclusions, bibliography and appendixes. The first chapter analyses Lithuanian and foreign scientists’ researches in the field of sustainable building refurbishment, refurbishment projects in... [to full text] / Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas visuomeninių pastatų atnaujinimo procesas. Pagrindiniai tyrimo objektai yra visuomeninių pastatų atnaujinimo procesas, akcentuojant sprendimų priėmimo procesą pagal darnos principus, atnaujinimo procese dalyvaujančios sprendimus priimančios grupės, ir jų informavimas apie darnų pastatų atnaujinimą. Pagrindinis disertacijos tikslas yra visuomeninių pastatų atnaujinimo pagal darnos principus apimčių įtakojimas, pasitelkiant daugiakriterinės analizės metodus sprendimų priėmimui, ir e-mokymo sistemą, žinių apie darnų pastatų atnaujinimą platinimui. Darbe sprendžiami keli pagrindiniai uždaviniai: įvairių pasaulio šalių mokslininkų tyrimų darnaus visuomeninių pastatų atnaujinimo apžvalgos atlikimas; visuomeninių pastatų atnaujinimo pagal darnos principus teorinio modelio sudarymas; kai kurių modelio dalių praktinio realizavimo pavyzdžių pateikimas, sprendimų priėmimui pasitelkiant daugiakriterinės analizės metodus; e-mokymo modulio apie darnų pastatų atnaujinimą kūrimas. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai, bendrosios išvados, literatūros šaltinių sąrašas ir priedas. Antrajame skyriuje analizuojami Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių mokslininkų darnaus pastatų atnaujinimo tyrimai, atnaujinimo projektai Lietuvoje ir užsienyje, naujausi Lietuvos ir Europos Sąjungos teisės aktai, reglamentuojantys energijos taupymą. Trečiajame skyriuje remiantis pirmame skyriuje atlikta Lietuvos ir užsienio mokslinių tyrimų analizę suformuluojami pagrindiniai darnaus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Daugiabučių modernizavimo problema nagrinėjama, remiantis Europos Komisijos išleista "Energijos vartojimo efektyvumo pastatuose" direktyva. Darbe atkreipiamas dėmesys į mažų daugiabučių, kurie gyvenamųjų pastatų modernizavimo procese sudaro mažumą, sektorių. Darbe siekiama įvertinti tipinio mažo daugiabučio renovacijos galimybę iki beveik nulinės energijos pastato koncepcijos rodiklių, kuri buvo pateikta kaip reikalavimas visiems ES naujai statomiems pastatams nuo 2020 m. (viešosios paskirties - nuo 2018 m.) Tyrimo metu buvo atlikti eksperimentiniai elementų šiluminių savybių matavimai, kurie vėliau panaudoti pastato energijos balanso skaičiavimams bei energinio modelio sudarymui. Pritaikant dažniausiai naudojamas energijos taupymo priemones, modeliuojami keli mažai energijos vartojančio pastato variantai. Naudojantis programine įranga, sumodeliuotas galimas energijos tiekimas pastatui iš atsinaujinančių energijos šaltinių, siekiant užtikrinti kuo didesnę AEŠ dalį pastato energijos balanse. Atlikti ekonominiai modernizavimo variantų vertinimai. Pagal pasirinktą kriterijų pateiktas labiausiai šalies mastu tinkantis, atsižvelgiant į Lietuvos daugiabučių namų rinką, ekonominius bei energetinius rodiklius, daugiabučio energinis modelis. / The issue of multi-residential building refurbishing is being analyzed reffering to the "Energy performance of building directive", introduces by European Commission. This paper puts attention to the share of buildings that takes the minority by participating in residential building renovation program. Research is made to assess the case study of refurbishing a small scale residential building achieving a performance of nearly zero energy building. In the directive it is stated, that from year 2020 all newly built buildings will have to be nearly zero energy. All new public buildings must have this energy performance from the year 2018. During the research, experimental measurements of thermal characteristics of thermal envelope elements were made. These results were used to stimulate the yearly energy balance and create energy model of the building. With the use of most common renewable energy techniques and energy saving measures, several energy models were analyzed. With the use of sophisticated computer software, possible energy supply schemes with high share of RES were introduced. Energy supply solutions were analyzed on an economic basis. Referring on set criterions, most suitable solution of energy supply scenario is offered, considering the real estate market, economic and energetic indexes of Lithuania.

A importância deste tema pode ser ilustrada no fato de que a autogestão é a principal forma de gestão da construção residencial, pois representa aproximadamente 70% das novas habitações e 87% das obras de reforma e expansão no país. Apesar da importância deste tema há pouca bibliografia na literatura especializada nacional, indicando a necessidade da realização de pesquisa nesta área. Neste sentido esta pesquisa objetivou investigar o atual modelo vigente de gestão, a autogestão, nas obras de reforma em edificações unifamiliares, levantando indicadores de produtividade para se obter um diagnóstico sobre o estágio da eficiência neste tipo de obra. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se em etapas de revisão bibliográfica e na realização de um estudo de campo envolvendo 20 entrevistas. Destas entrevistas, 10 foram realizadas com os gestores de 10 obras de reforma e as outras 10 entrevistas foram realizadas com profissionais de diferentes agentes atuantes no setor da construção civil. A diversidade dos entrevistados foi produto da busca por descrever um panorama geral da autogestão conforme as diferentes perspectivas. No estudo de campo concluiu-se que a informalidade neste setor é um resultado da busca do menor preço pelo autogestor, e do cliente pela mão-de-obra. Apesar de ser denominado como autogestor da obra, nos casos analisados, a gestão da obra é realizada com grande tendência ao insucesso, pois os autogestores não possuem conhecimento suficiente para tomar as decisões de uma obra e, não contratam profissionais habilitados para tal. Estas características podem ser resumidas na opinião generalizada dos empreendedores obra é sinônimo de problema. Desta forma espera-se, como resultado desta pesquisa, contribuir com uma melhoria na gestão desta tipologia de obra e, indiretamente, aumentar a eficiência no uso de recursos utilizados nas suas atividades. / The importance of this theme can be illustrated by the fact that self-management is the main form of management of residential construction, as it represents approximately 70% of new dwellings and 87% of planned remodeling and refurbishment in the country. Despite the importance of this issue there is little information in the national literature, indicating the necessity of conducting research in this area. In this sense, this research aimed to investigate the current prevailing model of management, the self management, in reform and refurbishment works in single-family buildings, surveying productivity indicators to get a diagnosis on the stage of efficiency in this type of work. The methodology was based on stages of literature review and in conducting a field study involving 20 interviews. Within these interviews, 10 were conducted with managers of 10 works of reform and the other 10 interviews were conducted with professionals from different agents in the construction industry. The diversity of respondents was the result of search by describing an overview of self-management according to different perspectives. In the field study it was concluded that this informal sector is a result of the search for the lowest price by the self-managers, and lowest cost labor. Despite being termed as self-manager the refurbishment, in the cases analyzed, the management of the refurbishment is performed with great tendency to fail, because they have not enough knowledge to make good decisions and did not hire qualified professionals to do so. These characteristics can be summarized in the general opinion of the entrepreneurs that refurbishment is synonymous with trouble. Thus, it is expected as a result of this research, to contribute to an improvement in the management of this type of work and, indirectly, increase the efficient use of resources used in their activities.

Percorrendo a área central da cidade de São Paulo surpreende a existência de numerosos edifícios verticais totalmente vazios. São construções com mais de cinco pavimentos, geralmente empreendidos na primeira metade do século vinte com a vanguarda tecnológica da época, que por diversas razões seus proprietários preferiram fechar. Também, surpreende que a forma urbana vertical tão disseminada na cidade não esteja associada ao aumento de densidades demográficas. Neste contexto, a formulação de uma política urbana embasada na compactação da cidade e na utilização do patrimônio construído subutilizado parece uma idéia sensata. O presente trabalho, através do inventário das edificações construídas até 1945 nos distritos da Sé e República e da pesquisa sobre intervenções de reforma no mundo, tem como objetivo central a indicação de tecnologias de reforma para a reabilitação de edifícios verticais. Desmistificando a idéia corrente no meio empresarial brasileiro de que a produção habitacional através da reforma de edifícios verticais obsoletos é um processo economicamente inviável, sem mercado e com barreiras legais intransponíveis, este trabalho demonstra que a formulação de uma política de reforma de edifícios altos constitui uma oportunidade única de mobilização de recursos materiais subutilizados, de reestruturação produtiva da indústria da construção civil assim como de compactação da cidade através da intensificação do uso do solo em áreas centrais. / Going through the downtown area of Sao Paulo, It astonishes the quantity of high-rise buildings completely empty. With over five floors, they are the beginning twentieth century cutting edge technology. It is also surprising, that the urban vertical form so widespread throughout the city is not associated with increasing population densities; on the contrary the districts with concentration of high-rise buildings have lost population. The formulation of an urban policy grounded in the compaction of the city and the use of the underused built heritage seems to be an adequate idea. The main purpose of this research, by the inventory of buildings constructed before 1945 in the districts of Sé and República and the research on refurbishment technologies in the world is the appointment of technology appropriate for the rehabilitation and conversions of high-rise buildings. Debunking the idea prevalent in the Brazilian housing industry that the reform of outdated buildings is a process economically unviable without market and insurmountable legal barriers, this work demonstrates that the formulation of a high-rise buildings refurbishment policy is an unique opportunity to mobilize underused resources, re-structuring the production building industry as well as compacting the city through intensification of land use in central areas.

Abstract The concept of ecological building is not clear. The concept, which belongs to thematic context of sustainable development, is difficult to understand because it combines two individual concepts which originate from two different sciences. The word ecology implies to organism's interaction mechanisms and to ecosystem dynamics, whereas the word building implies to architecture, artifacts and semantics. In ecological building the whole interaction dynamics has to be reassessed. The interaction between artifacts and environment conveys the same principles as the interaction between organism and ecosystem. Buildings and towns have the same kind of genotypic and phenotypic features as organisms have. Genotypic features can be paralleled to materialistic, atomistic, features. Phenotypic features result from the interaction process, in which the modifying environment consists of culture, local conditions, style and time. Localism is crucial in the context of ecological building. Localism is a geographically defined entity, but also it is primarily a process. In this research the connection between ecological building and localism has been examined in two neighbourhood units. Buildings in Rovaniemi (Ounasrinne) and in Mikkeli (Peitsari) built on non-profit and social housing basis were selected. The criticism against the ontology of ecological building is based on the questionnaires and the personal interviews, which were targeted at the tenants of the selected tenements, selected designers, contractors and the board of the real estate companies. In addition, the managing directors of the real estate companies and the representatives of the Finnish Housing Fund and the Ministry of Environment were interviewed. Migration during the entire lifecycle of the tenements, which is an indicator of localism and sustainable development, was researched by analyzing the registers of occupants. The research revealed that the actors have defined the concept of ecological building in different ways. Most often ecological building is related to material features. Ecological material is not automatically related to high quality material and local materials are not the first priority. The responsibilities are contradictory in the implementation of ecological building. The primary presumption seems to be that the state is responsible for the implementation. Environmental consciousness and ecological building have positive status. In the future the mode of building, which is assumed to be ecological, will increase and environmentalism is regarded as a benefit in business competition (contracting and designing). The research also revealed that the need for change in values, which is usually connected to the thematic of ecological building and the sustainable development, is groundless; the actors think that the nature as such conveys intrinsic value. Instead, ecological issues should be an interest, which affects the decisions made during the process. The tools, which are used in the process, should more effectively support the implementation of ecological building. Free will is not sufficient any more. The research revealed that the periods of occupancy are short in the examined tenements and we can talk about new kind of nomadism. In these neighbourhood units lifelong occupancy is not realism. The renovations, which have been designed according to the tenant's will, must be revaluated, because the median period of occupancy is approximately 1½-2 years. Technical renovations did not lengthen the periods of occupancy in Ounasrinne, vice versa. In neighbourhood units attention must be paid to the tenements; the support for housing should be defined locally according to the actual tenement sizes. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa ekologisen rakentamisen ja paikallisuuden välistä yhteyttä on tutkittu kahdessa lähiössä. Tutkimukseen mukaan valittiin yleishyödyllisen rakennuttamisen ja sosiaalisen asuntotuotannon kohteita Rovaniemen Ounasrinteeltä ja Mikkelin Peitsarista. Ekologisen rakentamisen ontologian kritiikki perustuu kysely- ja haastattelututkimukseen. Paikallisuutta ja kestävän kehityksen tematiikkaa indikoivaa muuttamista vuokratalojen koko elinkaaren aikana tutkittiin talokirjojen avulla. Tutkimus paljasti, että toimijoilla on toisistaan poikkeava käsitys ekologisen rakentamisen sisällöstä. Useimmiten ekologisuus liitetään materiaalin ominaisuuksiin. Ekologista materiaalia ei mielletä automaattisesti laadukkaaksi eikä paikallisia materiaaleja priorisoida. Ekologisen rakentamisen implementoinnissa vastuukysymykset ovat ristiriitaiset. Ensisijaisesti edellytetään, että valtio on vastuussa ekologisten tekijöiden implementoinnista. Ympäristötietoisuus ja ekorakentaminen koetaan myönteisesti. Tulevaisuudessa ns. ekologiseksi rakentamisen oletetaan lisääntyvän ja ympäristötietoisuus on kilpailuetu liiketoiminnassa (urakointi ja suunnittelu).Tutkimus paljasti, että kestävän kehityksen tematiikkaan ja ekologiseen rakentamiseen liitetty vaatimus arvomuutoksesta on perusteeton; toimijatahot arvostavat luontoa sen itsensä vuoksi. Sen sijaan ekologisuudesta pitäisi tulla intressi, joka ohjaa prosessin aikana tehtäviä päätöksiä. Prosessin hallinnassa käytettyjen työkalujen on selkeämmin tuettava ekologisen rakentamisen implementointia. Tutkimus osoitti, että tutkituissa vuokrataloissa asutaan lyhyitä aikoja ja voidaankin puhua uudesta nomadismista. Näissä lähiöissä elämänkaariasuminen ei ole realismia. Asukkaiden toiveiden mukaiset korjaukset tulevat myös uudelleen arvioitaviksi, koska asumisaikojen mediaani on 1½-2 vuotta. Tekniset korjaukset eivät muuttaneet asumisaikoja Ounasrinteellä; päinvastoin. Lähiöissä tuleekin huomioida asuntojakauma asumistukia määritettäessä.

O setor da construção civil apresentou grande crescimento nos últimos anos. Nesse período, surgiram novas exigências tecnológicas, organizacionais, normativas, dentre outras. Além disso, as necessidades dos usuários vêm sofrendo mudanças devidas ao desenvolvimento sociocultural e econômico. Assim, muitas edificações por não atenderem às necessidades contemporâneas e têm passado por reformas para se adaptarem às novas exigências de uso. Por isso, o mercado de reformas também tem apresentado crescimento expressivo e, com isto, atuar nas pequenas reformas têm se mostrado um ramo promissor para o segmento da construção da construção de edifícios. O cenário atual mostra que as atividades de reformas têm recebido maior investimento que as novas edificações, fato que é observado em diversos países europeus, incluindo Portugal, cuja cultura é muito próxima à brasileira, o que corrobora com a ideia de que deverá haver incremento nessas atividades também no Brasil. Não obstante as perspectivas de crescimento, a atuação profissional do autor, envolvido com várias reformas, tem mostrado que esse ramo tem sido dominado pela informalidade e por atuações pouco ou nada técnicas e, por isto, tem enfrentado inúmeros problemas devidos a atrasos, orçamentos inapropriados e qualidade de serviço aquém das expectativas do contratante. Buscando reverter este cenário, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor diretrizes para a gestão do processo de reformas de edificações. Para tanto, empregou-se como método de pesquisa o design science research, juntamente a revisão bibliográfica, entrevistas com empresas do ramo, enquete com síndicos de condomínios e estudos de caso; os quais permitiram ao autor identificar as ineficiências e dificuldades de gestão de obras de reformas de pequeno porte. A partir das informações adquiridos foram elaboradas as diretrizes para a gestão do processo de reformas. O autor as aplicou em um estudo de caso, o qual apresentou resultados favoráveis, mostrando a eficácia de sua aplicação e os benefícios. / The civil construction\'s sector presented a huge growth in the last years. In this period, new standards, technical, organizational and other requirements were elaborated. Besides that, users\' necessity has been changed due to variations in the culture, social, economic and development. Then, because many buildings do not attend actual requirements and a refurbishment is necessary to adapt for new users\' demand. So, refurbishment market also presented a significant growth and work with small refurbishment seems to be promising market in civil construction sector. The actual context shows that refurbishment is receiving more investments than new buildings, as noted in many European countries, including, Portugal, which has a culture next to that one from Brazil. Regardless of this increasing perspective, actor\'s professional experience, involved with many refurbishments, have been showing that it is dominated by informality, and less or no technical approaches, and because of that, it is leading many issues with delays, inappropriate budgets, and low quality of the works. Looking for changes in this context, this research aims to propose guidelines for refurbishment procedure\'s management. So, design Science research was used as method, combined with bibliography research, interviews with companies\' managers in this business, surveys with syndics from buildings and cases; which allow the actor to identify inefficiencies and difficulties in project\'s management in small refurbishment. Based on that, the guidelines for procedure\'s management in refurbishments were proposed. This actor applied them in a case, which showed good results, revealing its efficiency and benefits.

According to the Swedish Government's set targets for energy use and environmental quality imposed by the European Union, the total energy per heated unit area in residential and commercial buildings will have to be decreased by 20% in 2020 and 50% by 2050 in relation to the annual consumption of 1995. The building sector should additionally be completely independent of fossil fuels for energy usage, with the increasing sector of renewable energy continuously growing until 2020. In its current state, the number of multistory buildings and single-family houses in Sweden exceeds 4 000 000 units. In order to attain the set goals, renovation of the existing housing stock is a necessity given its current relatively slow turnover. As a result of the Swedish Million Unit Program undertaken during 1965−1974, about 750 000 apartments are currently in need of renovation in order to meet today's building standards. Simultaneously, new buildings are built with energy efficiency in mind. In this study an early stage methodology is developed for building refurbishment that takes advantage of a multi-faceted approach. The methodology comprises of multiple dimensions related to a techno-economic, environmental and building occupancy approach. The work presented herein includes a thorough literature review of decision making tools within the built environment and identifies major research efforts in sustainable refurbishment. The technical aspect of this study deals with the proper identification of high-efficient insulation materials that would serve one of the set purposes of energy efficiency when utilized within building envelopes. Further, results are shown for case studies, in which economic investments in Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs) and a coupled heat and moisture transport for predefined configurations of VIPs with supplementary insulation of balcony slabs and wall cross-sections are considered. The developed methodology also examines simulations of the total energy consumption utilizing a set of different insulation materials such as mineral wool and VIPs, for a number of locations in Northern and Southern Europe. The research findings of this study identify several aspects of a new developed tool for decision making, to be used in sustainable renovation and refurbishment. / <p>QC 20120918</p>

No description available.

The site of this diploma project is the small hilltop village of Poggio Aquilone. The village, situated in the region of Umbria in central Italy, lies roughly halfway between Rome and Florence. The Region of Umbria is one of the least populated in Italy, characterized by its hills, river valleys and historical towns such as Assisi, Terni, Todi, Orvieto and the regional capital of Perugia with its 160.000 inhabitants. It is the only landlocked region in central Italy, bordered by Lazio to the south, Marche to the east and Tuscany to the west and north. Primary industries include agriculture, textile, and steel. Tourism has, historically, been relatively modest in Umbria compared to its neighboring regions. Poggio Aquilone, traces its ancestry centuries back, but similar to countless small villages and settlements across Italy and other rural parts of Europe, Poggio Aquilone’s population is dwindling. The youth, in particular, are migrating to larger urban conurbations such as Perugia or Rome. Within the next few decades, two-thirds of the world’s population will live in urban areas, and with urbanization comes large challenges for rural communities. In the specific case of Italy, many of the affected places are of great cultural- and historical value. Old buildings are oftentimes left abandoned and in a state of disrepair, while the rate of new developments and resource waste continue to soar. However, there is a lot of untapped potential in many countryside towns and villages – both social, economic, and cultural – that larger cities lack. The proximity to nature, an affordable cost of living and a peaceful and quiet environment to name a few. An increasing number of city dwellers are missing these valuable factors.  The project strives to explore how architectural strategies can be utilized to strengthen the independence of Poggio Aquilone through means of rural tourism – safeguarding its character and history while improving conditions for long term survival. The project consists of two distinct phases; the first includes an extensive survey and site analysis, the second a proposal for the repurposing of select derelict buildings into dwellings. The survey phase and following processing of the findings are integral parts of this project in their own right, as they have allowed for the exploration of current technology for efficiently and accurately measuring a site, as well as approaching an existing, sensitive environment.