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後殖民主義一般是指在第二次世界大戰後所產生的殖民主義研究，在前被殖民國家紛紛獨立的背景下，後殖民主義作為一種獨特的文化批評理論，崛起於全球化時代的人文學科領域。在諸多後殖民文化類型之中，雷鬼音樂源自加勒比海地區，被定位為世界音樂的一支，其發展的歷史及地理因素，與前被殖民國及宗主國之間的文化現象交互影響。本研究以歐洲雷鬼樂發展最為盛行的英法兩國為例，用後殖民主義闡述前英屬與法屬國家中特有的雷鬼文化現象，試圖探究該文化背後的關注議題並據此歸納結論。

Opposed to the repressive socio-economic political climate that resulted in the impoverishment of masses of Jamaicans, the Jamaican Rastafarians developed a language to resist societal oppression. This study examines that language--Dread Talk--as resistive language. Having determined that the other variations spoken in their community--Standard Jamaican English and Jamaican Creole--were inadequate to express their dispossessed circumstances, the Rastafarians forged an identity through their language that represents a resistant philosophy, music and religion. This resistance not only articulates their socio-political state, but also commands global attention. This study scrutinizes the lexical, phonological, and syntactical structures of the poetic music discourse of Dread Talk, the conscious deliberate fashioning of a language that purposefully expresses resistance to the political and social ideology of their native land, Jamaica.

This thesis examines how skin bleaching can be understood within the cultural context of Jamaican dancehall. I argue that as a cultural practice, skin bleaching can be viewed as a critique of the concomitant structural inequalities precipitated by colorism, which is a by-product of racism. In proposing skin bleaching as a queer performance of color, I attempt to illustrate the manner in which the lightening of the skin exposes the instability of racism and colorism as socially constructed, discursive regimes. If race and skin color are biological and embodied facts dictated by social reality, then bodies, which are racially marked and colored subjects, can be used to project counter discourses that challenge these specific regimes. The space of discursive limit imposed on the racialized or colored body-subject is a space from which critiques of dominant discourses can be projected, and bleaching does precisely that. I conclude therefore, that skin bleaching is performed resistance which challenges the dominating discourses on race by first destabilizing the notion that skin color is an immutable biological fact, and second by contesting subsequent discourses that are contingent on the “facts” of color and race.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Rodrigues de Lima.pdf: 17780206 bytes, checksum: 177d31b81ade59b0723a92afa0236bda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this work is to present and discuss themes involving musical practices and sociabilities of the afro carnival street bands from Subúrbio Ferroviário, in Salvador, in the last decades of the 20th century (1970-2000). In the oral narrative registers (interviews and songs) will be identified questions about the fights involved in the carnival production and in the social actions developed by the street bands. By historicizing these questions, i want to problematize how the practices involving the musical know-how of the afro-descendant individuals refer to the afro belonging tradition and culture and how this experiences create, recreate and resignificate afro-dispersion territorialities in the city of Salvador / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir temas que envolvem práticas e sociabilidades musicais dos blocos afro do Subúrbio Ferroviário de Salvador nas últimas décadas do século XX (1970/2000). Nos registros de narrativas orais (entrevistas e canções) serão identificadas questões que dizem respeito às lutas que incidem na produção do carnaval e nas ações sociais desenvolvidas pelos blocos. Ao historicizar tais questões, procuro problematizar como as práticas que abarcam o saber e o fazer musical dos indivíduos afro-descendentes se referendam nas tradições e culturas de pertencimento afro e como estas experiências criam, recriam e ressignificam territorialidades afro-diaspóricas na cidade de Salvador

<p>Soundclash is a phenomenon where groups within the culture of reggae music “battle” against each other, through strategies including both music and rhetoric. The social interaction in the clash exemplifies the scene hierarchy, in which the participants aim to position themselves as number one. This study includes empirical material from a competition within the Swedish scene, also distributed digitally via Internet sites. The analysis is based on discursive psychology, focusing on rhetoric and the construction of meaning. The thesis emphasize how different truth claims are made, which relate to social positions as well as places within the international community.</p> / <p>Soundclash är ett fenomen där grupper inom reggaescenen tävlar mot varandra genom musik och retoriska strategier. I sina tal förs olika argument fram, vilka syftar att positionera grupper högst upp i scenens hierarki. Materialet utgörs av en svensk tävling inom detta fält, vilken även distribuerats i digital form genom Internet. Uppsatsen utgår från ett diskurspsykologiskt perspektiv, där språklig praktik och meningsskapande står i fokus. Uppsatsen visar hur olika anspråk görs, vilka relaterar till olika sociala positioneringar, likväl som till en plats inom en större internationell gemenskap.</p>

This paper examines the linguistic qualities of reggaeton in order to determine to which extent the music represents the speech of the urban residents of Puerto Rico. The lyrics of this music are analyzed in order to see if they are used only within the context of reggaeton or if they are part of the Puerto Rican lexicon in general. The political context of Puerto Rico with respect to the United States is taken in to consideration with the formation of Anglicisms and the use of English. The paper summarizes the current knowledge of the Puerto Rican lexicon as well as two linguistic studies that focus on reggaeton as well as giving general background information on the genre. In the analysis section, 20 words that are commonly found in reggaeton songs are analyzed using two accredited dictionaries and three “urban dictionaries” in order to determine their meanings, uses and origins.

Soundclash is a phenomenon where groups within the culture of reggae music “battle” against each other, through strategies including both music and rhetoric. The social interaction in the clash exemplifies the scene hierarchy, in which the participants aim to position themselves as number one. This study includes empirical material from a competition within the Swedish scene, also distributed digitally via Internet sites. The analysis is based on discursive psychology, focusing on rhetoric and the construction of meaning. The thesis emphasize how different truth claims are made, which relate to social positions as well as places within the international community. / Soundclash är ett fenomen där grupper inom reggaescenen tävlar mot varandra genom musik och retoriska strategier. I sina tal förs olika argument fram, vilka syftar att positionera grupper högst upp i scenens hierarki. Materialet utgörs av en svensk tävling inom detta fält, vilken även distribuerats i digital form genom Internet. Uppsatsen utgår från ett diskurspsykologiskt perspektiv, där språklig praktik och meningsskapande står i fokus. Uppsatsen visar hur olika anspråk görs, vilka relaterar till olika sociala positioneringar, likväl som till en plats inom en större internationell gemenskap.

This thesis is an ethnography of Rastafari childhood in the former Cape Province, South Africa, through the eyes of both parents and children. If children are a ‘muted group’, then what are the identity formation implications for “double-muted” groups, the children of ethnic minorities whose voices are not heard? Rasta parents’ experience of the struggle, ie. the opposition to apartheid, has shaped the Rastafari chant of ‘equal rights’ and ‘justice’ into a distinctly South African form of protest and resistance. Their childhood experiences have resulted in a desire to provide a better life for their children, using Rastafari as a vehicle. This is expressed in a continuation of the struggle that was started during apartheid, in the Rasta ideology children grow up learning. The Rasta child has become a contested body in this struggle. The South African Government, through policy, has a mandate to protect the child, and legislature exists to do so in accordance with international law. However, as child-raising differs phenomenally from culture to culture, these goals on the part of the State start infringing upon the rights and freedoms of minorities to raise their children according to their own cultural goals. This study examines the tension between Rastafari and government with regards to child raising, specifically looking at the following main points of contestation: public health, public schools and policy/legislation; in order to examine how Rasta children negotiate their identity in the face of these conflicting messages and struggles. Their identity can be influenced by three main groups, the Rasta family they grow up in; school; and multi-media. What these children choose to accept or reject in their worldview is moderated by their own agency. This study shows that this tension results in a new generation of Rastafari children, who are strongly grounded in an identity as Rastafari and take pride in this identity. It also illustrates how Rastafari are impacting on and changing government policy through resistance. Their successes in challenging the state on the grounds of multiculturalism and religious freedom, has helped in the attainment of a sense of dignity.

Racial tensions in UK escalating to violent conflicts from early 50ʼs on, led to series of changes in British legislation. Migration was systematically restricted, and regulations of entry were becoming much more severe. Discrimination of Caribbean and Asian immigrants in labor market, housing and education was extensive. Every attempt to address racial discrimination on the level of legislation was inefficient and hardly enforceable. Case study presented is situated in this social-political context. It is focused on second generation of afro-Caribbean minority in 70ʼs and its reaction to expulsion from British society, denying British identity and its fight against oppression through music and especially through language used itself. Jamaican Creole and in British, most notably in London surroundings, on Creole based system of adaptations called London Jamaican became significant feature of ethnic identification of afro-Caribbean (black) adolescents. This feature was used in conversations almost always through phenomenon of code-switching, where Creole features used were linked to attempt to define the speaker against dominant white society and oppressive system. Using of the features was often purposeful, because second generation of migrants was fully competent in using standard British English....