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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Suomalaisen aikuisen astma – kysely- ja rekisteritutkimus vuonna 2000

Ikäheimo, P. (Pekka) 06 May 2008 (has links)
Abstract The aim of this doctoral thesis is to provide an overall description of Finnish adult asthma patients in the year 2000, including their symptoms, treatment and the resulting costs. The implementation of treatment was evaluated from the perspective adopted in the National Asthma Programme 1994–2004. The research was based on questionnaire data acquired from a sample extracted from the Finnish Social Insurance Institution's asthma register, with which existing register data were combined, so that the eventual series comprised patients suffering from asthma and possibly other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. The majority of the asthma patients were women of working age. Smoking was most common among young adults (43% of the men and 35% of the women), while the number who had stopped smoking increased towards the older age groups among the men but remained constant among the women. The older age groups also had more serious asthma, more frequent cases of other chronic pulmonary and somatic illnesses, more problems in coping with everyday life and greater treatment needs than the younger patients. Early retirement for health reasons was common. More than half of the women and one in five of the men aged 65 years or over were living alone. The patients who suffered from asthma alone normally managed relatively well. Their symptoms could be kept under control with anti-inflammatory medication at a moderate overall cost, but concurrent obstructive pulmonary disease almost tripled the direct cost of asthma treatment and increased hospital costs practically five-fold. Smoking led to further expense in the case of those with asthma and obstructive pulmonary disease combined. The transfer of responsibility for asthma treatment from specialized care to the basic health care system would appear in general to be justified. Smoking and its associated chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases present a particular challenge for the management of asthma. / Tiivistelmä Tässä väitöskirjatyössä tutkittiin suomalaisen aikuisen astmapotilaan kokonaiskuva ja selvitettiin hänen oireiluaan, hoitoaan ja tästä aiheutuvia kustannuksia vuonna 2000. Astman hoidon toteutumista arvioitiin Valtakunnallinen astmaohjelma 1994–2004:n näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin Kelan astmarekisteristä valtakunnallisesti poimitun potilasotoksen kyselyaineistoa rekisteritietoja siihen yhdistäen. Lopullisen tutkimusaineiston muodostivat astmaa ja sen lisäksi mahdollisesti muita pitkäaikaisia ahtauttavia keuhkosairauksia sairastavat potilaat. Enemmistö astmapotilaista oli naisia ja työikäisiä. Tupakointi oli yleisintä nuorilla aikuisilla miehillä (43 %) ja naisilla (35 %). Tupakoinnin lopettaneiden osuus suureni miehillä vanhempiin ikäryhmiin mentäessä, kun taas naisilla osuus pysyi samansuuruisena. Vanhemmissa ikäryhmissä astma oli vaikeampaa ja muu keuhko- ja somaattinen pitkäaikaissairastavuus, toimintakyvyn ongelmaisuus ja hoidon tarve nuorempia runsaampaa. Ennenaikainen eläköityminen oli yleistä. Kuusikymmentäviisi vuotta täyttäneistä ja sitä vanhemmista naisista useampi kuin joka toinen ja miehistä joka viides asui yksin. Pelkkää astmaa sairastava voi yleisesti arvioiden hyvin. Hänen oireilunsa oli hallittavissa anti-inflammatorisella lääkityksellä kohtalaisen vähäisin kokonaishoidon kustannuksin. Samanaikainen keuhkoahtaumatauti lähes kolminkertaisti astman hoidosta aiheutuneet suorat kustannukset ja lähes viisinkertaisti sairaalahoidosta aiheutuneet kustannukset. Astmaa ja keuhkoahtaumatautia sairastavilla tupakointi lisäsi edelleen kustannuksia. Astmapotilaan kokonaisuuden näkökulmasta hoidon päävastuun siirto erikoissairaanhoidosta perusterveydenhuoltoon vaikuttaa tarkoituksenmukaiselta. Tupakointi ja siihen liittyvät muut pitkäaikaiset ahtauttavat keuhkosairaudet muodostavat erityisen haasteen astman hoitojärjestelmälle.
52

Determinação de incidência, preditores e escores de risco de complicações cardiovasculares e óbito total, em 30 dias e após 1ano da cirurgia, em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias vasculares arteriais eletivas / Incidence, predictors, risk scores of cardiovascular complications, and total death rate within 30 days and 1 year after elective arterial surgery

Smeili, Luciana Andréa Avena 30 April 2015 (has links)
Introdução: Estima-se que ocorram 2,5 milhões de mortes por ano relacionadas a cirurgias não cardíacas e cinco vezes este valor para morbidade, com limitações funcionais e redução na sobrevida em longo prazo. Pacientes que deverão ser submetidos à cirurgia vascular são considerados de risco aumentado para eventos adversos cardiovasculares no pós-operatório. Há, ainda, muitas dúvidas em como fazer uma avaliação pré-operatória mais acurada desses pacientes. Objetivo: Em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia vascular arterial eletiva, avaliar a incidência e preditores de complicações cardiovasculares e/ou óbito total, e calcular a performance dos modelos de estratificação de risco mais utilizados. Métodos: Em pacientes adultos, consecutivos, operados em hospital terciário, determinou-se a incidência de complicações cardiovasculares e óbitos, em 30 dias e em um ano. Comparações univariadas e regressão logística avaliaram os fatores de risco associados com os desfechos e a curva ROC (receiver operating characteristic) examinou a capacidade discriminatória do Índice de Risco Cardíaco Revisado (RCRI) e do Índice de Risco Cardíaco do Grupo de Cirurgia Vascular da New England (VSG-CRI). Resultados: Um total de 141 pacientes (idade média 66 anos, 65% homens) realizou cirurgia de: carótida 15 (10,6%), membros inferiores 65 (46,1%), aorta abdominal 56 (39,7%) e outras (3,5%). Complicações cardiovasculares e óbito ocorreram, respectivamente, em 28 (19,9%) e em 20 (14,2%), em até 30 dias, e em 20 (16,8%) e 10 (8,4%), de 30 dias a um ano. Complicações combinadas ocorreram em 39 (27,7%) pacientes em até 30 dias e em 21 (17,6%) de 30 dias a um ano da cirurgia. Para eventos em até 30 dias, os preditores de risco encontrados foram: idade, obesidade, acidente vascular cerebral, capacidade funcional ruim, cintilografia com hipocaptação transitória, cirurgia aberta, cirurgia de aorta e troponina alterada. Os escores Índice de Risco Cardíaco Revisado (RCRI) e Índice de Risco Cardíaco do Grupo de Estudo Vascular da New England (VSG-CRI) obtiveram AUC (area under curve) de 0,635 e 0,639 para complicações cardiovasculares precoces e 0,562 e 0,610 para óbito em 30 dias, respectivamente. Com base nas variáveis preditoras aqui encontradas, testou-se um novo escore pré-operatório que obteve AUC de 0,747, para complicações cardiovasculares precoces, e um escore intraoperatório que apresentou AUC de 0,840, para óbito em até 30 dias. Para eventos tardios (de 30 dias a 1 ano), os preditores encontrados foram: capacidade funcional ruim, pressão arterial sistólica, cintilografia com hipocaptação transitória, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status) classe > II, RCRI (AUC 0,726) e troponina alterada. Conclusões: Nesse grupo pequeno e selecionado de pacientes de elevada complexidade clínica, submetidos à cirurgia vascular arterial, a incidência de eventos adversos foi elevada. Para complicações em até 30 dias, mostramos que os índices de avaliação de risco mais utilizados até o momento (RCRI e VSG-CRI) não apresentaram boa performance em nossa amostra. A capacidade preditiva de um escore mais amplo pré-operatório, e uma análise de risco em dois tempos: no pré-operatório e no pós-operatório imediato, como o que simulamos, poderá ser mais efetiva em estimar o risco de complicações / Introduction: Approximately 2.5 million deaths are caused by non-cardiac surgeries per year, while morbidity, represented by functional impairment and a decline in long-term survival, accounts for five times this value. Patients who require a vascular surgery are considered at an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events in the postoperative period. However, the method for obtaining a more accurate preoperative evaluation in these patients has not yet been determined. Objective: In patients undergoing elective arterial vascular surgery, the incidence and predictors of cardiovascular complications and/or total death were determined and the performance of risk stratification models was assessed. Methods: The incidence of cardiovascular complications and death within 30 days and 1 year after vascular surgery was determined in consecutive adult patients operated in a tertiary hospital. Univariate comparison and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate risk factors associated with the outcome, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve determined the discriminatory capacity of the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) and the Cardiac Risk Index of the New England Vascular Surgery Group (VSG-CRI). Results: In all, 141 patients (mean age, 66 years; 65% men) underwent vascular surgery, namely for the carotid arteries (15 [10.6%]), inferior limbs (65 [46.1%]), abdominal aorta (56 [39.7%]), and others (5 [3.5%]). Cardiovascular complications and death occurred in 28 (19.9%) and 20 (14.2%) patients, respectively, within 30 days after surgery, and in 20 (16.8%) and 10 (8.4%) patients, respectively, between 30 days and 1 year after the surgical procedure. Combined complications occurred in 39 patients (27.7%) within 30 days and in 21 patients (17.6%) between 30 days and 1 year after surgery. The risk predictors for cardiovascular events that occurred within 30 days were age, obesity, stroke, poor functional capacity, transitory myocardial hypocaptation on scintigraphy, open surgery, aortic surgery, and abnormal troponin levels. The RCRI and VSG-CRI showed an under the curve area of 0.635 and 0.639 for early cardiovascular complications as well as of 0.562 and 0.610 for death within 30 days, respectively. Based on the predictors found in this study, a new preoperative score was proposed, based on an AUC of 0.747 obtained for early cardiovascular complications and an intraoperative score that presented an AUC of 0.840 for death within 30 days. For late events (between 30 days and 1 year), the predictors were poor functional capacity, systolic blood pressure, presence of transitory myocardial hypocaptation on scintigraphy, class > II American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status score, RCRI (AUC= 0.726), and abnormal troponin levels. Conclusions: In this small group of patients with increased clinical complexity who underwent arterial surgery, the incidence of adverse events was high. In our series, we found that RCRI and VSG-CRI do not reasonably predict the risk of cardiovascular complications. The predictive capacity of a modified preoperative score and evaluating the risk preoperatively and early postoperatively, such as that simulated in this study, may be more effective in determining the risk of complications
53

Determinação de incidência, preditores e escores de risco de complicações cardiovasculares e óbito total, em 30 dias e após 1ano da cirurgia, em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias vasculares arteriais eletivas / Incidence, predictors, risk scores of cardiovascular complications, and total death rate within 30 days and 1 year after elective arterial surgery

Luciana Andréa Avena Smeili 30 April 2015 (has links)
Introdução: Estima-se que ocorram 2,5 milhões de mortes por ano relacionadas a cirurgias não cardíacas e cinco vezes este valor para morbidade, com limitações funcionais e redução na sobrevida em longo prazo. Pacientes que deverão ser submetidos à cirurgia vascular são considerados de risco aumentado para eventos adversos cardiovasculares no pós-operatório. Há, ainda, muitas dúvidas em como fazer uma avaliação pré-operatória mais acurada desses pacientes. Objetivo: Em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia vascular arterial eletiva, avaliar a incidência e preditores de complicações cardiovasculares e/ou óbito total, e calcular a performance dos modelos de estratificação de risco mais utilizados. Métodos: Em pacientes adultos, consecutivos, operados em hospital terciário, determinou-se a incidência de complicações cardiovasculares e óbitos, em 30 dias e em um ano. Comparações univariadas e regressão logística avaliaram os fatores de risco associados com os desfechos e a curva ROC (receiver operating characteristic) examinou a capacidade discriminatória do Índice de Risco Cardíaco Revisado (RCRI) e do Índice de Risco Cardíaco do Grupo de Cirurgia Vascular da New England (VSG-CRI). Resultados: Um total de 141 pacientes (idade média 66 anos, 65% homens) realizou cirurgia de: carótida 15 (10,6%), membros inferiores 65 (46,1%), aorta abdominal 56 (39,7%) e outras (3,5%). Complicações cardiovasculares e óbito ocorreram, respectivamente, em 28 (19,9%) e em 20 (14,2%), em até 30 dias, e em 20 (16,8%) e 10 (8,4%), de 30 dias a um ano. Complicações combinadas ocorreram em 39 (27,7%) pacientes em até 30 dias e em 21 (17,6%) de 30 dias a um ano da cirurgia. Para eventos em até 30 dias, os preditores de risco encontrados foram: idade, obesidade, acidente vascular cerebral, capacidade funcional ruim, cintilografia com hipocaptação transitória, cirurgia aberta, cirurgia de aorta e troponina alterada. Os escores Índice de Risco Cardíaco Revisado (RCRI) e Índice de Risco Cardíaco do Grupo de Estudo Vascular da New England (VSG-CRI) obtiveram AUC (area under curve) de 0,635 e 0,639 para complicações cardiovasculares precoces e 0,562 e 0,610 para óbito em 30 dias, respectivamente. Com base nas variáveis preditoras aqui encontradas, testou-se um novo escore pré-operatório que obteve AUC de 0,747, para complicações cardiovasculares precoces, e um escore intraoperatório que apresentou AUC de 0,840, para óbito em até 30 dias. Para eventos tardios (de 30 dias a 1 ano), os preditores encontrados foram: capacidade funcional ruim, pressão arterial sistólica, cintilografia com hipocaptação transitória, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status) classe > II, RCRI (AUC 0,726) e troponina alterada. Conclusões: Nesse grupo pequeno e selecionado de pacientes de elevada complexidade clínica, submetidos à cirurgia vascular arterial, a incidência de eventos adversos foi elevada. Para complicações em até 30 dias, mostramos que os índices de avaliação de risco mais utilizados até o momento (RCRI e VSG-CRI) não apresentaram boa performance em nossa amostra. A capacidade preditiva de um escore mais amplo pré-operatório, e uma análise de risco em dois tempos: no pré-operatório e no pós-operatório imediato, como o que simulamos, poderá ser mais efetiva em estimar o risco de complicações / Introduction: Approximately 2.5 million deaths are caused by non-cardiac surgeries per year, while morbidity, represented by functional impairment and a decline in long-term survival, accounts for five times this value. Patients who require a vascular surgery are considered at an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events in the postoperative period. However, the method for obtaining a more accurate preoperative evaluation in these patients has not yet been determined. Objective: In patients undergoing elective arterial vascular surgery, the incidence and predictors of cardiovascular complications and/or total death were determined and the performance of risk stratification models was assessed. Methods: The incidence of cardiovascular complications and death within 30 days and 1 year after vascular surgery was determined in consecutive adult patients operated in a tertiary hospital. Univariate comparison and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate risk factors associated with the outcome, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve determined the discriminatory capacity of the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) and the Cardiac Risk Index of the New England Vascular Surgery Group (VSG-CRI). Results: In all, 141 patients (mean age, 66 years; 65% men) underwent vascular surgery, namely for the carotid arteries (15 [10.6%]), inferior limbs (65 [46.1%]), abdominal aorta (56 [39.7%]), and others (5 [3.5%]). Cardiovascular complications and death occurred in 28 (19.9%) and 20 (14.2%) patients, respectively, within 30 days after surgery, and in 20 (16.8%) and 10 (8.4%) patients, respectively, between 30 days and 1 year after the surgical procedure. Combined complications occurred in 39 patients (27.7%) within 30 days and in 21 patients (17.6%) between 30 days and 1 year after surgery. The risk predictors for cardiovascular events that occurred within 30 days were age, obesity, stroke, poor functional capacity, transitory myocardial hypocaptation on scintigraphy, open surgery, aortic surgery, and abnormal troponin levels. The RCRI and VSG-CRI showed an under the curve area of 0.635 and 0.639 for early cardiovascular complications as well as of 0.562 and 0.610 for death within 30 days, respectively. Based on the predictors found in this study, a new preoperative score was proposed, based on an AUC of 0.747 obtained for early cardiovascular complications and an intraoperative score that presented an AUC of 0.840 for death within 30 days. For late events (between 30 days and 1 year), the predictors were poor functional capacity, systolic blood pressure, presence of transitory myocardial hypocaptation on scintigraphy, class > II American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status score, RCRI (AUC= 0.726), and abnormal troponin levels. Conclusions: In this small group of patients with increased clinical complexity who underwent arterial surgery, the incidence of adverse events was high. In our series, we found that RCRI and VSG-CRI do not reasonably predict the risk of cardiovascular complications. The predictive capacity of a modified preoperative score and evaluating the risk preoperatively and early postoperatively, such as that simulated in this study, may be more effective in determining the risk of complications

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