Nesta dissertação, é apresentado o projeto de uma interface que permite o controle e monitoramento de cargas de alta tensão alimentadas na faixa de 8,5V a 35V. A interface fornece duas funções básicas: a primeira é permitir que circuitos alimentados no domínio dos 5V controlem o chaveamento de transistores de potência PMOS com uma tensão de porta 5V abaixo da tensão de alimentação; a segunda é realizar o monitoramento de sobrecorrentes na carga de alta tensão, alertando, com um sinal de baixa tensão, estas ocorrências. A interface foi projetada e fabricada no processo CMOS XC06 - 0,6µm da XFAB, com a inclusão de módulos que permitem o uso de transistores de alta tensão. Como parte da solução proposta, foi analisado, implementado e caracterizado um regulador de tensão flutuante que gera uma tensão de saída 5V abaixo da tensão de alimentação. A área de silício do regulador é de 599µm x 330µm, e as medidas da tensão de saída gerada apresentam variações menores que 10%. Também foi projetado e integrado no mesmo circuito integrado um sensor para medir o nível da tensão flutuante do regulador e comunicar seu estado com um sinal de 5V, este bloco ocupa uma área de 599µm x µm. Este sensor apresentou um desvio padrão de 7% nas medidas da sua tensão limiar. A interface foi integrada em um sensor de proximidade indutivo, permitindo o chaveamento de uma carga de 430pF a 1,2kHz em toda a faixa de alimentação. / This work presents the design of an interface that allow to control and monitoring high voltage loads in the range of 8,5V to 35V. The interface provides two main features, the first one is to allow low voltage circuits supplied with 5V to control the switching of power PMOS transistors with a gate voltage 5V bellow the supply voltage. The second one is monitoring overcurrents on the high voltage load alerting with a low voltage signal these occurences. The interface was designed and fabricated on the CMOS XC06 - 0,6µm process from XFAB with the inclusion of modules that allow the use of high voltage transistors. As part of the proposed solution it was analyzed, implemented and measured a floating voltage regulator wich provides an output voltage 5V bellow the supply voltage. The area of the regulator is 599µm x 330µm and the measures of the output voltage presents variations under the 10%. Also it was designed and integrates in the same integrated circuit a sensor to measure the output level of the floating regulator and communicate the state of this output with a 5V signal, this block occupies an area of 599µm x 579µm. This sensor presented a 7% standard desviation on the measured voltage threashold. The interface was integrated on an inductive proximity sensor allowing the switching of a 430pF load at 1,2kHz for the entire all supply range.

Tecnologias que permitam explorar o potencial genético das variedades de cana-de-açúcar nos diversos ambientes de produção e possibilitem o planejamento da colheita são fundamentais para aumentar a rentabilidade do setor sucroenergético. Dentre estas tecnologias, o emprego de indutores de maturação destaca-se por possibilitar o manejo da cultura em seu sistema de produção e proporcionar melhorias na qualidade da matéria-prima. A utilização conjunta de maturadores e nutrientes em pré-colheita pode fornecer a indústria matéria prima de melhor qualidade tecnológica. Entretanto, questões relacionadas a épocas de utilização e a associação de maturadores com nutrientes não estão totalmente esclarecidas. Neste sentido, o propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de maturadores e nutrientes, em diferentes épocas de manejo, sobre parâmetros tecnológicos da cana-de-açúcar em início de safra. Foram conduzidos, em cana planta variedade RB 85 5453, dois experimentos compostos por 14 tratamentos: Controle, Orthosulfamuron, Etil-Trinexapac, Sulfometuron metil, Sulfometuron metil/ Boro 150 g/ha, Nitrato de Potássio, Boro 50 g/ha, Boro 150 g/ha, Boro 250 g/ha, Nitrato de Potássio + Boro 50 g/ha, Complexo de micronutrientes, Complexo de Micronutrientes + Biorregulador, Sulfometuron metil + Complexo de Micronutrientes, Sulfometuron metil + Complexo de Micronutrientes + Biorregulador; em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições. Foram realizadas 2 aplicações com intervalo de 33 dias entre aplicação. Os parâmetros Brix%, Fibra, Pol do caldo, Pol da cana), Pureza, Açúcares Redutores do Caldo, Açúcares Redutores da Cana e Açúcar Total Recuperável foram avaliados em intervalos quinzenais, aos 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a aplicação dos produtos. Verificou-se que a utilização dos maturadores promoveu melhorias na qualidade da cana-de-açúcar e que a associação de nutrientes ao maturador não potencializou a ação dos maturadores. Diferentes épocas de aplicação dos produtos em pré-colheita resultaram em diferentes respostas da cana-de-açúcar. / Technologies to exploit the genetic potential of the varieties of sugarcane in different production environments and enable the planning of crop are essential to increase the profitability of the sugarcane industry. Among these technologies, the use of ripeners stands out by enabling the management of culture in its production system and provide improvements in the quality of the raw material. The joint use of ripeners and nutrients before the harvest can supply the raw material of better quality technology industry, however, issues related to the use of times and the ripeners of association with nutrients are not fully clarified. In this sense, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying ripeners and nutrients at different times of management on technological parameters of sugarcane in early harvest. Were conducted, in sugarcane plant, variety RB 85 5453, two experiments consist of 14 treatments: Control, Orthosulfamuron, Ethyl-trinexapac, Sulfomethuron methyl, Sulfomethuron methyl + Boron 150 g/ha, Potassium Nitrate, Boron 50 g/ha, Boron 150 g/Ha, Boron 250 g/ha, Potassium Nitrate + Boro 50 g/ha, Complex micronutrients, Complex micronutrients + plant growth regulator, Sulfomethuron methyl + Complex micronutrients, Sulfomethuron methyl + Complex Micronutrients + Plant growth regulator; in a randomized block design with four replications. The applications were made on 28 March and 30 April. The parameters Brix%, fiber, Pol broth, Pol cane, Purity, reducing sugars, and recoverable total sugar were assessed at fortnightly intervals at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after application of the products. The use of ripeners promoted improvements in the quality of sugarcane and that the combination of nutrients to the ripeners didn\'t potentiate the action of ripeners. Different times of application of the products before the harvest resulted in different responses of sugarcane.

O gênero Eucalyptus tem se mostrado um dos mais vantajosos na produção de bens e serviços florestais pela silvicultura brasileira, principalmente por sua rapidez no crescimento. A propagação vegetativa de Eucalyptus spp. permite a rápida multiplicação de genótipos selecionados alcançando aumento imediato na produtividade dos plantios clonais. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do "pulse" na propagação in vitro de Eucalyptus grandis, testou-se as interações entre concentrações de BAP (Benzilaminopurina), tempo de exposição e pH, bem como as alterações morfológicas que esses fatores causam na estrutura interna dos explantes. O trabalho foi realizado na Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - ESALQ/USP. Doses crescentes de BAP (0, 200, 400 e 600 mg.L-1) expostas durante três tempos (1, 2 e 3 horas) com dois valores de pH (3,0 e 5,8) representavam os tratamentos. Após 21 dias de cultivo avaliou-se o número de brotos por tratamento, taxa de multiplicação e biomassa produzidas para cada tratamento. As análises histológicas também foram realizadas após o fim do experimento. O fator pH não apresentou nenhuma interação com os demais fatores. A concentração 200 mg.L-1 de BAP durante 1 e 2 horas apresentaram os tratamentos mais significativos na multiplicação do E. grandis. Doses com 600 mg L-1 de BAP apresentaram-se tóxicas aos explantes. Houve intensificação da divisão celular no parênquima cortical e procâmbio na região basal do explante representada pelo surgimento de meristemóides evidenciando a maior capacidade de resposta organogênica desses tecidos em resposta aos tratamentos 200 mg.L-1 de BAP durante 1 e 2 horas. O uso de "pulse" como ferramenta na micropropagação de Eucalyptus grandis representa uma alternativa viável para redução de tempo e custos. / The genus Eucalyptus has proved to be one of the most profitable means of producing goods and supplying forestry services used by Brazilian silviculture, mainly because of its fast growth. The vegetative propagation of Eucalyptus spp. allows the fast reproduction of selected genotypes aiming at the immediate increase of cloned plantations. By analyzing the pulse treatment effect in vitro propagation of Eucalyptus grandis the evaluation between the concentrations of Bensylaminopurine (BAP), time exposure and pH interaction such as its morphological changes that those factors caused in the internal structure of the explants. This work has been carried out at Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - ESALQ/USP. The treatments consisted of increasing doses of Benzylaminopurine (0, 200, 400 and 600 mg.L-1), three exposure time (1, 2 and 3 hours) with two values of pH (3,0 e 5,8). The results were taken after 21-day of cultivation. The number of sprouts per treatment, the reproduction rate and the produced biomass for each treatment were recorded. In addition the histological analyses were aslo carried out at the end of the experiment. The pH did not present any form of interaction with the other factors but he most significant treatments of E. grandis reproduction was found in the concentration 200 of BAP during the 1st and 2nd hour. The dose 600 mg.L-1 of BAP turned out to be toxic for the explants. It was observed that there was an increase of cell division in the cortical parenchyma and procambium represented by the arising of meristems resulting to a greater capacity of organogenetic answer of these tissues due to the response of 200 mg.L-1 of BAP treatment during 1st and 2nd hours. The use of pulse treatment as a tool of micropropagation of Eucalyptus grandis represented a feasible alternative for the reduction of time and cost.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T19:29:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcello Sozim.pdf: 1079256 bytes, checksum: 79b54d3f5f6c6db5dbe3158437347586 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / The grape is considered the most important fruit in the world economy and its quality is directly related to its point of maturity. The mechanisms that regulate their maturation are still poorly understood despite the great effort to this end. Recently, evidence from genetic studies revealed that brassinosteroids, plant hormones recently discovered, appear to be involved in the maturation of grapes. Thus the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different concentrations of an analogue of brassinosteroid the BIOBRAS-16 (BB-16), on the maturation of 'Niágara Rosada' grapes. Two experiments were conducted, one in 2009/10 and another in the 2010/11 season, in a commercial vineyard in the city of Ponta Grossa - PR. In the first experiment were tested at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 5.0 and 50 mg L-1 BB-16 applied to different bunches, at 4 times every 7 days from the stadium of compact clusters . In the second experiment were tested at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 5.0 and 50 mg L-1 BB-16 applied in different berries from the same bunch, at 4 times every 7 days from the stadium in compact clusters . The design was a randomized block design with four replications for the 2009 harvest and 10 repetitions for 2010. BB-16 at a concentration of 5.0 mg L-1 significantly promoted the anticipation of the beginning of pigmentation of the berries in about 5 days for both seasons and provides a larger percentage of light colored berries and smaller berries in stages early maturation, indicating a higher production of anthocyanins. BB-16 also caused the increased diameter, length and weight of berries in season 2010, when the treatments were applied in the same cluster. In relation to soluble solids, the concentration of 5.0 mg L-1 BB-16 caused significant increases in berry in 2009. This same concentration also caused a higher soluble solids / acidity and a possible anticipation of the harvest. Titratable acidity and pH were not affected by BB-16, in both seasons. This study highlights the need for more studies on the effect of BRs, not only when applied over the berries, but also on the leaves. Also, the need to test new concentrations and its interaction with other plant hormones. BB-16 was shown to be an interesting tool for increasing productivity and quality of grapes. / A uva é considerada a fruta de maior importância econômica do mundo e sua qualidade está diretamente relacionada com o seu ponto de maturação. Os mecanismos que regulam a sua maturação ainda são pouco compreendidos apesar do grande esforço destinado a esse fim. Recentemente evidências em estudos genéticos revelaram que os brassinosteróides, hormônios vegetais recentemente descobertos, parecem estar envolvidos na maturação da uva. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de um análogo de brassinosteróide, o BIOBRAS-16 (BB-16), sobre a maturação da uva „Niágara Rosada‟. Foram realizados dois experimentos, um na safra 2009/10 e outro na safra 2010/11, em um vinhedo comercial no município de Ponta Grossa – PR. No primeiro experimento foram testadas as concentrações de 0; 0,1; 0,5; 5,0 e 50 mg L-1 de BB-16 aplicadas sobre diferentes cachos, em 4 momentos a cada 7 dias a partir do estádio de cachos compactos. No segundo experimento foram testadas as concentrações de 0; 0,5; 5,0 e 50 mg L-1 de BB-16 aplicadas em diferentes bagas de um mesmo cacho, em 4 momentos a cada 7 dias a partir do estádio de cachos compactos. O delineamento foi o de blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições para a safra 2009 e 10 repetições para a de 2010. O BB-16 na concentração de 5,0 mg L-1 significativamente promoveu a antecipação do início da pigmentação das bagas, em aproximadamente 5 dias, para ambas as safras bem como proporcionou uma maior percentagem de bagas coloridas e menor luminosidade das bagas em estádios iniciais da maturação, indicando uma maior produção de antocianinas. O BB-16 também causou o aumentou do diâmetro, comprimento e massa das bagas na safra 2010, quando os tratamentos foram aplicados em um mesmo cacho. Em relação aos teores de sólidos solúveis, a concentração de 5,0 mg L-1 de BB-16 significativamente ocasionou incrementos na baga para a safra 2009. Esta mesma concentração também proporcionou uma maior relação sólidos solúveis/acidez e uma possível antecipação da colheita. A acidez titulável e o pH não foram afetados pelo BB-16, em ambas as safras. Este trabalho evidencia a necessidade de mais estudos sobre o efeito dos BRs, não só quando aplicado sobre as bagas, mas também sobre as folhas. Também, a necessidade de se testar novas concentrações e a sua interação com outros hormônios vegetais. O BB-16 mostrou ser uma ferramenta interessante para o aumento da qualidade e da produtividade da uva.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T19:29:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kleber Martin Andrade.pdf: 456779 bytes, checksum: 84d9448f5d5728eab48fc6d5281e85c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-24 / For the wheat crop is proven the importance of the use of growth regulators by reducing the lodging, mainly caused by high doses of nitrogen and the high susceptibility of some cultivars. As a result there is a need to use new technologies that will help to avoid productivity losses caused by lodging. In this sense, there were three experiments (E1, E2 and E3) to evaluate the effects of growth regulators applied at different doses and times in agronomic traits, yield components and yield of wheat cultivars. The experiments were performed at the Farm School, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, PR, in 2009. In E1 we used two regulators (trinexapac-ethyl and prohexadioncalcium) at doses of 0.0, 37.5, 75.0, 112.5 and 150.0 g ha-1 and 0.0, 41, 2, 82.5, 123.7 and 165.0 g ha-1 respectively,in the cultivar BRS-249. We used the experimental design of randomized blocks with ten treatments in a factorial 2 x 5 (x regulators doses) with four replications. In E2 we used two regulators (trinexapac-ethyl and prohexadion-calcium) at doses of 0.0, 37.5, 75.0, 112.5 and 150.0 g ha-1 and 0.0, 41, 2, 82.5, 123.7 and 165.0 g ha-1 respectively, in the cultivar Marfim. Experimental design used was randomized blocks with ten treatments in a factorial 2 x 5 (x regulators doses) with four replications. At E3 we used three growth regulators (trinexapac-ethyl, prohexadion-calcium and chloride 1,1 - dimethyl piperidine) at doses of 125.0 g ha-1, 137.5 and 125.0 g ha-1 g ha-1 respectively applied in two seasons (between the 1st and 2nd node and between 2 ° and 3 ° we have seen), the cultivar Marfim. Experimental design used was randomized blocks in 4 x 2 factorial arrangement and four replications. In the E1 prohexadion trinexapac-ethyl and calcium-promoted reduction of internode length and plant height, stem diameter increased, the number of leaves per plant, flag leaf width and productivity. In the E2 prohexadion-calcium and trinexapac-ethyl were effective in reducing internode length, plant height and mass of thousand grains, and prohexadion-calcium that showed potential for use in wheat crop. At the E3 prohexadion-calcium and trinexapac-ethyl promoted decrease in plant height without affecting the diameter of the stem and productivity. The 1,1- chloride dimethyl piperidine did not affect plant height, and promoted an increase in the number of leaves per plant, but without effect on components of production and productivity. The application period did not promote changes in most variables indicating a greater range of use of regulators in the cultivar Marfim. / Para a cultura do trigo está provada a importância da utilização de reguladores de crescimento, pela redução do acamamento, causado principalmente pelo uso de altas doses de nitrogênio e pela alta suscetibilidade de algumas cultivares. Em decorrência disso verifica-se a necessidade de utilização de novas tecnologias que venham a contribuir para evitar as perdas de produtividade causadas pelo acamamento. Nesse sentido, realizaram-se três experimentos (E1, E2 e E3) para avaliar os efeitos de reguladores de crescimento aplicados em diferentes doses e épocas em características agronômicas, componentes da produção e produtividade de cultivares de trigo. Os experimentos foram realizados na Fazenda Escola da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), município de Ponta Grossa, PR, no ano de 2009. No E1 utilizaram-se dois reguladores (trinexapac-ethyl e prohexadionecálcio) nas doses de 0,0; 37,5; 75,0; 112,5 e 150,0 g.ha-1 e 0,0; 41,2; 82,5;123,7 e 165,0 g.ha-1 de ingrediente ativo respectivamente, na cultivar BRS-249. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com dez tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial de 2 x 5 (reguladores x doses) com quatro repetições. No E2 utilizaram-se dois reguladores (trinexapac-ethyl e prohexadione-cálcio) nas doses de 0,0; 37,5; 75,0; 112,5 e 150,0 g.ha-1 e 0,0;41,2; 82,5; 123,7 e 165,0 g.ha-1 de ingrediente ativo respectivamente, na cultivar Marfim. Foi utilizado delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com dez tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 (reguladores x doses) com quatro repetições. No E3 utilizaram-se três reguladores de crescimento (trinexapac-ethyl, prohexadione-cálcio e cloreto 1,1- dimetil piperidíneo) nas doses de 125,0 g.ha-1; 137,5 g.ha-1 e 125,0 g.ha-1 de ingrediente ativo respectivamente aplicados em duas épocas(entre o 1º e o 2° nó e entre o 2° e o 3° nó perceptível), na cultivar Marfim. Foi utilizado delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 4 x 2 e quatro repetições. No E1 o trinexapac-ethyl e o prohexadione-cálcio promoveram redução do comprimento dos entrenós e da altura de plantas,aumento do diâmetro do colmo, do número de folhas por planta, da largura da folha bandeira e da produtividade. No E2 o trinexapac-ethyl e o prohexadionecálcio foram eficientes na redução do comprimento dos entrenós, da altura de plantas e da massa de mil grãos; sendo que o prohexadione-cálcio mostrou potencial de uso na cultura do trigo. No E3 o trinexapac-ethyl e prohexadionecálcio promoveram diminuição da altura das plantas sem afetar o diâmetro do colmo e a produtividade. O cloreto 1,1-dimetil piperidíneo não afetou a altura de plantas, e promoveu aumento do número de folhas por planta, mas sem efeitos sobre componentes de produção e produtividade. A época de aplicação não promoveu alterações na maioria das variáveis indicando uma maior amplitude de uso dos reguladores na cultivar Marfim.

Nesta dissertação, é apresentado o projeto de uma interface que permite o controle e monitoramento de cargas de alta tensão alimentadas na faixa de 8,5V a 35V. A interface fornece duas funções básicas: a primeira é permitir que circuitos alimentados no domínio dos 5V controlem o chaveamento de transistores de potência PMOS com uma tensão de porta 5V abaixo da tensão de alimentação; a segunda é realizar o monitoramento de sobrecorrentes na carga de alta tensão, alertando, com um sinal de baixa tensão, estas ocorrências. A interface foi projetada e fabricada no processo CMOS XC06 - 0,6µm da XFAB, com a inclusão de módulos que permitem o uso de transistores de alta tensão. Como parte da solução proposta, foi analisado, implementado e caracterizado um regulador de tensão flutuante que gera uma tensão de saída 5V abaixo da tensão de alimentação. A área de silício do regulador é de 599µm x 330µm, e as medidas da tensão de saída gerada apresentam variações menores que 10%. Também foi projetado e integrado no mesmo circuito integrado um sensor para medir o nível da tensão flutuante do regulador e comunicar seu estado com um sinal de 5V, este bloco ocupa uma área de 599µm x µm. Este sensor apresentou um desvio padrão de 7% nas medidas da sua tensão limiar. A interface foi integrada em um sensor de proximidade indutivo, permitindo o chaveamento de uma carga de 430pF a 1,2kHz em toda a faixa de alimentação. / This work presents the design of an interface that allow to control and monitoring high voltage loads in the range of 8,5V to 35V. The interface provides two main features, the first one is to allow low voltage circuits supplied with 5V to control the switching of power PMOS transistors with a gate voltage 5V bellow the supply voltage. The second one is monitoring overcurrents on the high voltage load alerting with a low voltage signal these occurences. The interface was designed and fabricated on the CMOS XC06 - 0,6µm process from XFAB with the inclusion of modules that allow the use of high voltage transistors. As part of the proposed solution it was analyzed, implemented and measured a floating voltage regulator wich provides an output voltage 5V bellow the supply voltage. The area of the regulator is 599µm x 330µm and the measures of the output voltage presents variations under the 10%. Also it was designed and integrates in the same integrated circuit a sensor to measure the output level of the floating regulator and communicate the state of this output with a 5V signal, this block occupies an area of 599µm x 579µm. This sensor presented a 7% standard desviation on the measured voltage threashold. The interface was integrated on an inductive proximity sensor allowing the switching of a 430pF load at 1,2kHz for the entire all supply range.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:09:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bogiani_jc_me_botfca.pdf: 587935 bytes, checksum: 7d4ae883525437f99dfe32a953edf3e4 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O experimento foi conduzido de janeiro a abril de 2007 sob condições de casa de vegetação. O objetivo foi avaliar o comportamento de cultivares de algodão submetidas a doses de cloreto de mepiquat e, ainda, verificar se a resposta está ligada ao ciclo ou arquitetura da cultivar. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de seis cultivares com comportamento de crescimento e diferentes ciclos produtivos (FiberMax 966, FiberMax 977, DeltaPenta, DeltaOpal, FMT 501 e FMT 701), bem como, a utilização de quatro doses do regulador vegetal a base de cloreto de mepiquat (PIX®): 7,5; 15,0 e 22,5 g ha-1 de i.a e a testemunha sem aplicação do produto. Foram utilizados vasos de 12 litros de capacidade, sendo cultivadas duas plantas por vaso. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 4 doses x 6 cultivares. As avaliações constituíram da: altura de plantas, número de ramos reprodutivos, massa de matéria fresca e massa de matéria seca, retenção de estruturas reprodutivas e área foliar. Para cada cultivar, foi calculada a relação entre taxa de crescimento em altura e concentração do regulador. Os resultados mostraram que o crescimento das plantas de algodoeiro em altura é diminuído com a aplicação foliar de cloreto de mepiquat, sendo maior a redução de altura, quanto maior a quantidade de regulador aplicada. Existe diferença entre as cultivares estudadas quanto à sensibilidade ao regulador, de modo que as mais precoces são mais sensíveis. Para a mesma dose aplicada, a concentração de regulador vegetal na planta é diferente, pois a quantidade de produto depositada na folha de cada cultivar é também diferente. O regulador não afetou a taxa de assimilação de CO2 das cultivares de algodão estudadas. / The experiment was conducted between January and April 2007 under greenhouse conditions. The objective to evaluate the behavior of cotton cultivars submitted to the doses of Mepiquat Chloride, and also to find if the answer is linked to the cycle or architecture of cultivar. The treatments were constituted of six cultivars of different behaviour about its growth and cycle (FiberMax 966, FiberMax 977, DeltaPenta, DeltaOpal, FMT 501 e FMT 701); and four doses of the plant growth regulator, mepiquat chloride (PIX®): 7,5, 15,0, 22,5 g ha-1 and a control (0,0 g ha-1). Plots of 12 liters of capacity were used with two plants per plot. The experimental design used was the completely randomized with four replications in outline factorial 4 doses x 6 cultivars. The parameters analyzed were: height of plants, number of reproductive branches, weight of dry matter, retention of reproductive structures, and leaf area. Also, it was calculated for each cultivar, the relationship among growth rate in height and concentration of the regulator. The results showed that the growth of cotton plants in height is reduced by application of mepiquat chloride, and the height reduction is larger, as larger the amount of plant growth regulator applied. There is difference among the cultivars studied for sensitivity to the plant growth regulator, so that the earliest cultivars are more sensitive. In the same applied dose, the concentration of plant growth regulator in the plant is different because the amount of product deposited on the left of each cultivar is different too. The mepiquat chloride didn’t affect the assimilation rate of CO2 to the cotton cultivars studied.

Wang Xiaofei. / "June 2002." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-167). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

In summary, the present findings have demonstrated the important roles of CFTR in prostatitis and cancer development, which may provide new insight into the understanding of the prostate in health and disease. The present findings may also have potential application in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. / In the first part of the study, the possible role and a bacterial killing mechanism involving CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion in prostatitis were investigated in a rat prostate model. CFTR was found to be expressed in the epithelium of rat ventral prostate. Experiments using cultured rat primary prostate epithelial cells demonstrated that CFTR was involved in mediating bicarbonate extrusion across the prostate epithelium. The expression of CFTR and carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), a key enzyme involved in cellular HCO 3- production, along with several pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, was significantly up-regulated in the primary culture of rat prostate epithelial cells upon E.coli-LPS challenge. Inhibition of CFTR function in vitro or in vivo resulted in reduced bacterial killing by prostate epithelial cells or the prostate. High HCO3- content (>50mM), rather than alkaline pH, was found to be responsible for bacterial killing. The direct action of HCO 3- on bacterial killing was confirmed by its ability to suppress bacterial initiation factors in E coli. The relevance of the CFTR-mediated HCO3- secretion in human was demonstrated by the upregulated expression of CFTR and CAII in human prostatitis tissues. The present results have demonstrated that CFTR plays a previously undefined role in prostatitis and could be up-regulated during the inflammation in prostate as a host defense mechanism to increase bicarbonate secretion for bacterial killing. / In the second part of the study, the possible role of CFTR in prostate cancer development and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Our results showed that the expression of CFTR and CAII in prostate was remarkably decreased in aged rat prostate. We observed that testosterone could up-regulate the expression of CFTR and CAII in vitro and in vivo , indicating that the declined male hormones during aging may be responsible for the observed age-dependent expression of CFTR. In the present study, we found that inhibition of CFTR enhanced cell proliferation/anti-apoptosis in the prostate primary epithelial cells. CFTR was detected in all examined prostate cell lines, but with relatively higher expression levels in immortalized cell lines (PZ-HPV-7, PNT1A, PNT2C2) than in cancer cell lines (PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP). Immunohistological studies showed that the expression of CFTR was dramatically reduced in prostate cancer specimens as compared to that in normal prostate tissues. Furthermore, our gain and loss of function studies showed that knockdown of CFTR profoundly enhanced cell proliferation, cell adhesion, invasion and migration, while inhibited apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines, overexpression of CFTR dramatically suppressed tumorigenic phenotype of cancer cells. Soft agar anchorage-independent growth assay showed that knockdown of CFTR in prostate cancer cells increased the number of colonies formed in soft agar. More importantly, we demonstrated that CFTR knockdown promoted the tumor growth in vivo and forced overexpression of CFTR in prostate cancer cells and ultrasound-mediated gene transfer of CFTR inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, multiple mechanisms were identified to contribute to the CFTR- mediated tumor suppressive effects. Firstly, CFTR chloride channel function was implicated in the regulation of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Secondly, CFTR up-regulated the transcription level of miR-34a and miR-193b, both of which have been indicated as tumor suppressors in multiple cancers. Thirdly, 11 cancer-related genes were found to be up- or down-regulated by CFTR using PCR-array. These data demonstrated that CFTR may play an important role in prostate cancer development by acting as a tumor suppressor. / The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel conducting both Cl- and HCO3 -. It is expressed in epithelial cells of a wide variety of tissues. CFTR is also known to be expressed in human prostate; however, the physiological role of CFTR in the prostate and related diseases remains largely unknown. This thesis explored the biological roles of CFTR in prostatitis and cancer development. / Xie, Chen. / Adviser: Chan LiShaw Chang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-02, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-192). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

As CFTR plays an important role in HCO3- transport, and HCO3- sensitive soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) has been shown to be largely responsible for the cAMP production in spermatogenetic cells, we hypothesized that CFTR-mediated HCO3- transport was important to spermatogenesis via sAC pathway in spermatogenetic and Sertoli cells. Using intracellular pH measurement, we demonstrated that CFTR is involved in HCO3- transport in Sertoli cells. RT-PCR results showed that increased HCO3- concentrations in the culture medium resulted in upregulation of CFTR expression. The results also showed that the intracellular cAMP level in Sertoli cells increased as the extracellular HCO3- concentration increased. HCO3- also caused phosphorylation of the cAMP response element binding (pCREB) proteins transcription factor on serine 133, a modification known to be required by Sertoli cells to support spermatogenesis. This phosphorylation could be inhibited by CFTR inhibitor, further lending support to the notion that CFTR is important for HCO3- transport in Sertoli cells, leading to HCO3- dependent events that are important for spermatogenesis. / CFTR is known to be widely expressed in epithelial cells of male reproductive tracts, but its expression in spermatogenic cells is less well known. We first confirmed the expression of CFTR in spermatogenic cells and mature sperm in rodents. Our study thus focused on the important role of CFTR in the processes related to male fertility including spermatogenesis and sperm capacitation. / Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel, mutations of which cause cystic fibrosis, a disease characterized by defective Cl- and HCO3- transport. While over 95% of CF male patients are infertile because of congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD), the question whether CFTR mutations are involved in other forms of male infertility is under intense debates. / In conclusion, our study has demonstrated the role of CFTR in male reproductive system. We have further elucidated its possible physiological role and the underlying molecular mechanisms. These studies may pave the way for the development of method strategies for diagnosis and treatment of CFTR related infertility in male. / Our study also detected CFTR in both human and mouse sperm. CFTR inhibitor or antibody significantly reduced sperm capacitation, and the associated HCO 3--dependent events including increases in intracellular pH, cAMP production and membrane hyperpolarization. The fertilizing capacity of the sperm obtained from heterozygous CFTR mutant mice is also significantly lower as compared to that of the wild type. These results suggest that CFTR in sperm may be involved in the transport of HCO3- important for sperm capacitation and that CFTR mutations with impaired CFTR function may lead to reduced sperm fertilizing capacity and male infertility other than CBAVD. / We further demonstrated the physiological role of CFTR in spermatogenesis using CFTR knockout mice as an in vivo model. Although TUNNEL staining showed normal percentage of apoptotic cells in seminiferous tubules, Cftr -/- mice had spermatogenetic defects in histology section and fewer number of mature sperm compared with wild type (WT) mice. Consistent with the proposed role of CFTR in spermatogenesis, RT-PCR and Western blot results showed reduced expression of spennatids specific gene, Protamine 1, Protamine 2, and CREM, which have been known to be involved in the process of spermatogenesis, in Cftr-/- mice. / Xu, Wenming. / "January 2008." / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: B, page: 4506. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-138). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.