Magister Scientiae - MSc / Nuclear reactors release small amounts of radioactivity during their normal operations. The most common method of calculating the dose to the public that results from such releases uses Gaussian Plume models. We are investigating these methods using CAP88-PC, a computer code developed for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA that calculates the concentration of radionuclides released from a stack using Pasquill stability classification. A buoyant or momentum driven part is also included. The uptake of the released radionuclide by plants, animals and humans, directly and indirectly, is then calculated to obtain the doses to the public. This method is well established but is known to suffer from many approximations and does not give answers that are accurate to be better than 50% in many cases. More accurate, though much more computer-intensive methods have been developed to calculate the movement of gases using fluid dynamic models. Such a model, using the code FLUENT can model complex terrains and will also be investigated in this work. This work is a preliminary study to compare the results of the traditional Gaussian plume model and a fluid dynamic model for a simplified case. The results indicate that Computational Fluid Dynamics calculations give qualitatively similar results with the possibility of including much more effects than the simple Gaussian plume model. / South Africa

This research looks at how corporates manage crisis communication using press releases and social media channels. It aims to find out how the case corporations Nordea and  Samsung executed their crisis communication during the years 2016 and 2017.The dissertation draws upon literature on organizational crisis and reputation. It also reviews how companies could possibly react to a crisis, how press releases are usually formatted, and finishes with utilization of social media during the crises.In 2016, Samsung became the center of a crisis by the exploding “Note7” phones and Nordea was being mentioned in the “Panama Papers” for tax evasion. The data of the crisis cases has been collected using online ethnography and analyzed with the support of interviews with four crisis specialists. The interviewees were asked semi-structure questions in order to analyze the data  from a professional perspective. The dissertation did not only cover the content used, but also studied which channels where used and the timing of the statements.The findings revealed that Samsung took the “Note7” case seriously and had a bigger quantity of crisis messaging than Nordea on the “Panama Papers” case. Based on the messages, Samsung’s crisis communication length was five months and Nordea’s four. Samsung’s crisis communication showed major gaps in their timeframe and Nordea’s was more coherent. Nordea used long press releases with complex language compared to Samsung’s advertisement and international style. Samsung used a lot of infographics in social media compared to Nordea’s factual messages.The dissertation is relevant in regard to previous studies on this subject, which have shown utilization of press releases and social media during a corporation crisis. Therefore, the  dissertation contributes with new empirical understanding.

No description available.

Software changes constantly and continuously. It is often beneficial to record the progressive changes made to software, so that when any problems arise, it is possible to identify the change that might have caused the problem. Also, recording these changes enables recovery of the software as it was at any point of time. A version control system is used to track modifications to software. Version control systems (VCS) display when and where a change was made. In the case of multiple developers working on the same software system, version control systems also record which developer was responsible for the change. RCS, SCCS and CVS are examples of such version control systems, and they usually have a command-line interface. The widespread use of CVS has however given rise to a host of "CVS clients", which provide a two-dimensional graphical interface to CVS. While working with a version control system in two dimensions is a definite improvement over traditional command line interfaces, it is still not sufficient to display all the necessary information in a single view. Using three dimensions to display the information from a version control system like CVS is an effective and efficient way to represent multiple attributes in a single view. There are many advantages to using a third dimension for visualizing the version history and evolution of software. A three-dimensional visualization tool has been developed to provide insights into the structure and characteristics of the history of a software system. It demonstrates the benefits of three-dimensional visualization and illustrates a framework that can be used to automatically derive information from a version control system. / Master of Information Systems

Au fil des siècles, de nombreux cours d’eau ont été régulés par des barrages pour assurer différents besoins tels que la gestion des inondations, la production d’énergie hydro-électrique, l’irrigation, l’approvisionnement en eau potable, etc. Aujourd’hui, dans le tiers nord de la planète, 77% des cours d’eau sont concernés par la présence de ces ouvrages et de très nombreux ouvrages sont en cours de construction ou prévus dans les prochaines décennies. Les impacts des barrages, notamment ceux dont les réservoirs sont les plus volumineux, sont aujourd’hui bien connus. Leur influence, plus ou moins prononcée, peut notamment affecter les crues (débits, fréquence, pointe et durée), ce qui entraine de facto une modification de l’occurrence du « débit morphogène » naturel dans les tronçons situés en aval. Il en résulte une morphologie et une dynamique fluviales modifiées, avec des Incidences sur la biologie et les usages. Afin d’améliorer, voire de restaurer le bon fonctionnement des milieux aquatiques et rivulaires, il est de plus en plus souvent demandé aux gestionnaires de barrages de générer des débits élevés, dits « morphogènes », depuis leurs ouvrages. Ce travail de thèse s’est attaché dans un premier temps à clarifier les concepts de débits, lâchers et écoulements « morphogènes ». Il a été proposé une nouvelle terminologie s’intégrant dans le contexte plus large des débits environnementaux et des débits écologiques (environmental et ecological flows). Dans un second temps, les précédents travaux et les expérimentations menées sur la Durance, la Selves et l’Isère, ont fourni des éléments pour construire une méthodologie de mise en œuvre de lâchers morphogènes dans le cadre d’une gestion adaptative. Cette méthodologie opérationnelle repose sur une série d’étapes successives découlant d’un diagnostic préalable. Elle permet de déterminer les paramètres nécessaires au dimensionnement, d’identifier les contraintes et de définir les résultats attendus (compartiments visés, ordres de grandeurs des processus, etc.) pour évaluer l’efficience de l’opération. Enfin, grâce à la mise en œuvre d’indicateurs de déclenchement, elle fournit des éléments d’évaluation pour décider de renouveler, d’améliorer ou non le lâcher. / Over the centuries, many rivers have been regulated by dams to meet various needs such as flood management, hydropower production, irrigation, drinking water supply, etc. Today, in the northern third of the planet, 77% of watercourses are affected by dams and a very large number are under construction or planned in the coming decades. The impacts of dams, particularly those with the largest reservoirs, are now well-known. Their influence, more or less pronounced, can affect floods (flow, frequency, peak and duration), which results in a change of the occurrence of the natural "channel morphing discharge" in the downstream reaches. The result is a modified river morphology and dynamics, with impacts on biological communities and uses. In order to improve/restore aquatic and riparian environments, dam managers are increasingly being asked to generate high flows, known as "flushing flows” or “ecomorphogenic flows”, from their dams.This thesis focuses initially on clarifying the concepts of discharge, water release, and "ecomorphogenic flows”. A new terminology has been proposed that fits into the broader context of “environmental flows” and “ecological flows”. In a second step, previous works and experiments carried out on the Durance River, the Selves River and the Isère River provided elements to build a methodology for implementing ecomorphogenic flow releases as part of adaptive management. This operational methodology is based on a series of successive steps resulting from a preliminary diagnosis. It makes it possible to determine the parameters necessary for designing releases, identifying constraints and defining expected results (target compartments, orders of magnitude of process, etc.) to evaluate the efficiency of the operation. Finally, through the implementation of trigger indicators, it provides evaluation information to decide whether to renew, or improve releases or to replace them with other management actions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-11-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mattos_es_dr_assis.pdf: 896421 bytes, checksum: d4239f9949f1ac44624e8eaecfddaec6 (MD5) / A pesquisa visa demonstrar como se dá a confluência entre Literatura e Jornalismo nos textos de imprensa de Eça de Queirós, denominados crônicas, pelo autor e enviados da Inglaterra e de Paris para a Gazeta de Notícias, do Rio de Janeiro (1880-1897). Há necessidade de resgatar o Eça jornalista, visto que esta faceta é pouco explorada nos estudos sobre o grande escritor realista-naturalista português. Por meio da análise das estratégias discursivas do autor, será demonstrada como se dá a revisitação do texto ―crônica‖ de Eça, no campo midiático, no contexto histórico da época e na construção do real. Como correspondente jornalístico para o Brasil, contribuiu para o crescimento e importância da imprensa brasileira, influenciando, com seu estilo, nossos escritores jornalistas. No apoio teórico, foram resgatados conceitos necessários à análise da proposta, tais como: teoria sobre literatura, jornalismo e da lingüística que trata de gêneros do discurso. Nesta perspectiva, será realizada uma análise crítico-descritiva do discurso queirosiano, a fim de demonstrar os pontos de encontro do gênero midiático do jornalismo no campo da literatura. Algumas crônicas publicadas na Gazeta de Notícias (1892-94), coletadas por Luiz de Magalhães, que compõem a obra Ecos de Paris, constituem o corpus da pesquisa, cuja análise centrar-se-á nos aspectos que visam à contextualização da linguagem em toda situação de discurso, bem como a representação do real. Deste modo, em quatro capítulos, serão resgatados o contexto histórico-social da França do século XIX, a Imprensa Francesa do final do século XIX, bem como, conceitos de gêneros do discurso, jornalismo, literatura e crônica. A análise do corpus, a conclusão e o resultado contemplarão uma lacuna nos estudos do grande escritor, ou seja, resgate e análise do texto de Eça de Queirós, jornalista / The research aims to demonstrate how is the confluence of Literature and Journalism in the press releases of Eça de Queirós, known as chronicles, by the author and sent from England and Paris to the Gazeta de Notícias, in Rio de Janeiro (1880-1897). There is a need to rescue Eça journalist, as this aspect is little explored in studies of the great realist-naturalist Portuguese writer. Through the discursive strategies analysis's of the author, will be shown how is the revisiting of the text chronicle of Eça, in the media field, in the historical context of the period and in the construction of reality. As a news correspondent for Brazil, contributed to the growth and importance of the Brazilian press, influencing, with his style, our journalists-writers. In theoretical support, were rescued required concepts to the proposal’s analysis, such as: literature theory, journalism and linguistics that deals with speech genres. In this perspective, will be held a critical-descriptive analysis of Eça de Queiros’s speech, in order to show the meeting points of the media genre of journalism in the field of literature. Some chronicles published in the Gazeta de Noticias (1892-94), collected by Luiz de Magalhães, that make up the work Ecos de Paris, are the corpus of research, whose analysis will focus on aspects that aim at contextualization of language in every speech situation, as well as the representation of reality. Thus, in four chapters, will be rescued the socio-historical context of nineteenth-century France, the French Press of the late nineteenth century, as well as, concepts of speech genres, journalism, literature and chronicle. The analysis of the corpus, the conclusion and the result will contemplate a gap in studies of the great writer, in other words, rescue and analysis of Eça de Queirós’s text, the journalist

Orientador: Rosane Gazolla Alves Feitosa / Banca: Raquel dos Santos Madanelo de Souza / Banca: Suely Fadul Vilibor Flory / Banca: Ricardo Alexino Ferreira / Banca: Luiz Roberto Velloso Cairo / Resumo: A pesquisa visa demonstrar como se dá a confluência entre Literatura e Jornalismo nos textos de imprensa de Eça de Queirós, denominados crônicas, pelo autor e enviados da Inglaterra e de Paris para a Gazeta de Notícias, do Rio de Janeiro (1880-1897). Há necessidade de resgatar o Eça jornalista, visto que esta faceta é pouco explorada nos estudos sobre o grande escritor realista-naturalista português. Por meio da análise das estratégias discursivas do autor, será demonstrada como se dá a revisitação do texto ―crônica‖ de Eça, no campo midiático, no contexto histórico da época e na construção do real. Como correspondente jornalístico para o Brasil, contribuiu para o crescimento e importância da imprensa brasileira, influenciando, com seu estilo, nossos escritores jornalistas. No apoio teórico, foram resgatados conceitos necessários à análise da proposta, tais como: teoria sobre literatura, jornalismo e da lingüística que trata de gêneros do discurso. Nesta perspectiva, será realizada uma análise crítico-descritiva do discurso queirosiano, a fim de demonstrar os pontos de encontro do gênero midiático do jornalismo no campo da literatura. Algumas crônicas publicadas na Gazeta de Notícias (1892-94), coletadas por Luiz de Magalhães, que compõem a obra Ecos de Paris, constituem o corpus da pesquisa, cuja análise centrar-se-á nos aspectos que visam à contextualização da linguagem em toda situação de discurso, bem como a representação do real. Deste modo, em quatro capítulos, serão resgatados o contexto histórico-social da França do século XIX, a Imprensa Francesa do final do século XIX, bem como, conceitos de gêneros do discurso, jornalismo, literatura e crônica. A análise do corpus, a conclusão e o resultado contemplarão uma lacuna nos estudos do grande escritor, ou seja, resgate e análise do texto de Eça de Queirós, jornalista / Abstract: The research aims to demonstrate how is the confluence of Literature and Journalism in the press releases of Eça de Queirós, known as chronicles, by the author and sent from England and Paris to the Gazeta de Notícias, in Rio de Janeiro (1880-1897). There is a need to rescue Eça journalist, as this aspect is little explored in studies of the great realist-naturalist Portuguese writer. Through the discursive strategies analysis's of the author, will be shown how is the revisiting of the text "chronicle" of Eça, in the media field, in the historical context of the period and in the construction of reality. As a news correspondent for Brazil, contributed to the growth and importance of the Brazilian press, influencing, with his style, our journalists-writers. In theoretical support, were rescued required concepts to the proposal's analysis, such as: literature theory, journalism and linguistics that deals with speech genres. In this perspective, will be held a critical-descriptive analysis of Eça de Queiros's speech, in order to show the meeting points of the media genre of journalism in the field of literature. Some chronicles published in the Gazeta de Noticias (1892-94), collected by Luiz de Magalhães, that make up the work Ecos de Paris, are the corpus of research, whose analysis will focus on aspects that aim at contextualization of language in every speech situation, as well as the representation of reality. Thus, in four chapters, will be rescued the socio-historical context of nineteenth-century France, the French Press of the late nineteenth century, as well as, concepts of speech genres, journalism, literature and chronicle. The analysis of the corpus, the conclusion and the result will contemplate a gap in studies of the great writer, in other words, rescue and analysis of Eça de Queirós's text, the journalist / Doutor

Reservoir releases for generating power need to be reconciled with efforts to maintain healthy ecosystems in regulated rivers having irregular channel topography. Fluctuating, complex flow patterns near river obstructions such as boulders and large woody debris provide unique habitat for many aquatic organisms. Numerical modeling of the flow structures surrounding these obstructions is challenging, yet it represents an important tool for aquatic habitat assessment. Moreover, efforts for modeling the morphologically and biologically important transient flows, as well as quantifying their impacts on physical fish habitat during the unsteady-flow period remain rare. In this dissertation, the ability of two- (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) hydraulic models to reproduce the localized complex flow features at steady base and peak flows is examined first. The performance of the two hydraulic models is evaluated by comparing the numerical results with measurements of flow around a laboratory hemisphere and boulders located at a reach of the Smith River in Virginia. Close agreement between measured values and the velocity profiles predicted by the two models is obtained outside the wakes behind these obstructions. However, results suggest that in the vicinity of theses obstructions the 3-D model is better suited for reproducing the circulation flow behavior favored by many aquatic species over a broad range of flows. Further, time-dependent flow features affecting channel morphology and aquatic physical habitat are investigated using the numerical models for the same reach in the Smith River. Temporal variation measurements of water surface elevation and velocity profile obtained in the field during a reservoir release are in good agreement with the numerical results. A hypothetical "staggering" flow release scenario simulated by the 3-D model leads to reduced erosional area and longer refugia availability for juvenile brown trout during hydropeaking. Finally, an unsteadiness parameter β is proposed for determining whether an unsteady flow regime can be either modeled using a truly dynamic flow approach or a quasi-steady flow method. / Ph. D.

A percepção crescente da sociedade em relação aos perigos inerentes às instalações industriais que manipulam grandes inventários de substâncias perigosas faz com que a ferramenta análise quantitativa de risco ganhe importância na complexa discussão sobre a viabilidade destes empreendimentos, no intuito de promover a ocupação adequada do solo na área urbana e prevenir a ocorrência do chamado acidente maior. Contudo, para se chegar à expressão de risco de uma determinada instalação industrial deve-se aplicar um conjunto de técnicas e de modelos matemáticos, entre os quais estão os modelos de dispersão atmosférica, usados para se estimar a área afetada na vizinhança da mesma por liberações acidentais que levam à formação de nuvens de substâncias químicas na atmosfera. Em decorrência da complexidade inerente ao próprio processo de dispersão atmosférica, especialmente no que tange aos denominados gases densos, existe uma diversidade de modelos que podem ser aplicados no escopo da análise de risco, o que leva a seus usuários, naturalmente, ao questionamento sobre a suscetibilidade dos resultados finais ao tipo de modelagem adotada. Neste sentido, este trabalho estuda o processo de dispersão atmosférica de nuvens densas formadas em liberações acidentais, identificando as principais possibilidades de modelagem deste processo e, ao final, apresenta um estudo de caso demonstrando que diferentes modelagens desta dispersão, comumente empregadas em análise de risco de instalações industriais, podem produzir variações na estimativa do risco de uma mesma instalação e, portanto, influenciar as decisões baseadas em risco. / The concern of the society about the risks posed by activities that deal with hazardous substances has increased in an environment strongly industrialized and with high population density in view of the inherent potential hazards of them as well as the impact of recent accidental episodes, even though their benefits provided. In this context the quantitative risk analysis is presented as an essential tool to assess the risk of these activities and compose a complex discussion about its feasibility. Some of these accident scenarios may involve the formation of a hazardous product cloud and its subsequent air dispersion in the off-site region when an accidental released take place and one should apply the so-called atmospheric dispersion models for estimating the consequences of the releases. Due to the complexity involved in this atmospheric dispersion process, there is a wide variety of mathematical models that can be applied for estimating the offsite consequences of the accidental releases leading, naturally, to one wonder whether the final risk expression of a facility is susceptible to these differences. Often in the world of industrial use of hazardous materials, toxic or flammable there is a possibility that these accidental releases produce clouds that are denser than air, a situation that demands even more attention in terms of risk aspects involved. Then, this dissertation studies the process of atmospheric dispersion of heavier-than-air clouds produced after an accidental release, identifying the main ways of modelling the process and presents a case study comparing different dispersion models that demonstrates that the final expression of risk of a typical installation can be different when it is used different dispersion model in the process.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauro Tadeu Baptista Sobhie.pdf: 1603334 bytes, checksum: 1b80516765e316a4b064270c60350fce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation aims at analyzing evaluation in the business language. Evaluation is an aspect of language related to interaction, being a field of studies that may bring a significant contribution to business since companies are entities that depend on communication systems to construct alliances both between their internal elements and with external individuals and institutions. The linguistic analysis herein is based on the theoretical framework of the Systemic-Functional Linguistics (SFL) that provides us with a detailed description on how the ideational and interpersonal resources of language described by Halliday (1978, 1994) may be used with evaluative purposes in different genres based on Evaluation and Appraisal studies. Differently from other SFL-based analysis of evaluation, this research makes a corpus-based comparative analysis between press releases from two Brazilian telecommunication companies and news stories published by an online newspaper about the same topics, discussing the explicit and implicit evaluations embodied in these texts and the values involved on them at the light of the context. The analysis has shown four major groups of differences between Press Releases and News: Press Releases tend to assign positive evaluations to the benefits to the customer, the capacity of the company itself, their capacity improvements and positive results. On the other hand, the News tends to exclude such positive evaluations and include information on product‟s constraints and company‟s internal problems. The results also revealed that the companies and the newspaper use similar sets of values in their evaluations, even when expressing different points-of-view. Therefore, it is expected that the analysis herein provide resources to enable companies to communicate better with their different audiences and to the education of critical readers enabled to identify the values underlying the linguistic choices of the texts / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a avaliação na linguagem empresarial. A avaliação é um aspecto da linguagem relacionado à interação, sendo um campo de estudos que pode trazer contribuições significativas para a área empresarial, pois as empresas são entidades que dependem de sistemas de comunicação para criar alianças entre seus elementos internos, com outros grupos e instituições. As análises lingüísticas foram baseadas no arcabouço teórico da Lingüística Sistêmico-Funcional (LSF), apresenta uma detalhada descrição de como os recursos ideacionais e interpessoais da linguagem descritos por Halliday (1978, 1994) podem ser usados com propósitos avaliativos em diferentes gêneros, conforme os estudos de Avaliação e Avaliatividade. Diferentemente de outras análises de avaliação baseadas na LSF, esta pesquisa faz uma análise comparativa baseada em corpus entre os press releases de duas empresas brasileiras de telecomunicações e notícias publicadas por um jornal sobre os mesmos assuntos, discutindo as avaliações explícitas e implícitas contidas nessas descrições e os valores envolvidos nelas à luz do contexto. Os resultados da análise mostraram quatro grupos principais de diferenças entre press releases e notícias: os press releases tendem a atribuir avaliações positivas aos serviços oferecidos aos clientes, à capacidade da própria empresa, a ações que aumentem essa capacidade e aos seus resultados positivos. As notícias, por sua vez, tendem a excluir essas avaliações positivas e incluir informações sobre limitações dos produtos e problemas internos das empresas. Os resultados permitiram também observar que as empresas e o jornal utilizam conjuntos de valores semelhantes ao fazerem suas avaliações, mesmo quando os pontos de vista são diferentes. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa pretende que seus resultados tragam subsídios para que as empresas possam se comunicar melhor com os seus diferentes públicos e para a educação de leitores críticos, que identifiquem os valores que estão por trás das escolhas lingüísticas dos textos