Existem diferentes formas de debater e analisar o relacionamento entre ciência e religião. Neste trabalho, apresentamos algumas possibilidades e utilizamos a abordagem da história das ciências como um recurso interessante para tratar o tema no ensino de ciências. Esta pesquisa foi construída a partir da preocupação com o aumento de casos de intolerância religiosa e de outros vieses, e seu impacto na sala de aula, possivelmente causados por diversos tipos de fundamentalismo observados em nossa sociedade. A existência de diferentes episódios históricos que relacionam ciência e religião de forma contextualizada e transcendente a apenas um conflito permitiu o desenvolvimento deste projeto. Acreditamos que comportamentos intolerantes podem gerar uma dissonância cognitiva em estudantes, por exemplo, que professam uma fé religiosa e observam sua visão de mundo ser menosprezada ou ridicularizada em aulas de ciência. Consideramos que a apresentação e discussão de episódios históricos, em que ciência e religião não eram conflitantes para diferentes cientistas ou filósofos naturais, pode reduzir esse obstáculo, criando um ambiente favorável para pautar conteúdos de ciência. Ademais, ações intolerantes desrespeitam as prerrogativas atuais voltadas para a promoção de uma educação para os direitos humanos e para a valorização da interculturalidade. Uma revisão bibliográfica indicou a necessidade de construção de materiais e estratégias para a discussão de relações entre ciência e religião na sala de aula. A partir disso, elaboramos uma narrativa histórica que pode oferecer subsídios para pautar o tema na formação de professores, além de uma proposta em que reunimos diferentes episódios da história das ciências para um debate diversificado e plural. Num trabalho majoritariamente teórico, utilizamos as metodologias de análise documental e bibliográfica, além da análise de conteúdo para a otimização e avaliação da revisão de artigos selecionados. Diferentes resultados foram obtidos no trabalho. A revisão bibliográfica pôde mapear os tipos de publicação desenvolvidas nos últimos anos e apontar caminhos para o desenvolvimento do tema no ensino de ciências. Seguindo uma dessas trilhas, propusemos um curso envolvendo diferentes momentos e personagens históricos que reúnem diversos aspectos sobre a origem e o desenvolvimento do Universo, a partir de pesquisas voltadas ao ensino de ciências. Apresentamos uma narrativa sobre aspectos da obra de Isaac Newton, que pode ser utilizada em um desses momentos propostos. Buscamos, assim, oferecer alguns subsídios para uma sensibilização dos professores a respeito do direto à crença dos estudantes, pautando contextos de diferentes âmbitos e nuances sociais que influenciam o desenvolvimento do pensamento científico. Pretendemos que essa ação reverbere e que diferentes aspectos da natureza da ciência possam ser debatidos na formação de professores. / There are many different forms of debating and analyzing the relationship between science and religion. In this project, we present some of these possibilities and also apply the approach of the history of the sciences as an interesting resource to deal with this subject in the sciences teaching. This research was developed from the concern of the increase of cases of religious intolerance and other types of intolerance, align to its impact on the classroom, possibly caused by a variety of fundamentalism that can be seen in our society. The existence of different historical episodes that associate science and religion in a contextualized and transcendent way to only one conflict allowed the development of this project. We believe that intolerant behaviors may generate cognitive dissonance in students, for example, ones who profess a religious faith and watch their worldview be disregarded or ridiculed in the sciences classes. We consider that the presentation and discussion of historical episodes, in which for different scientists or natural philosophers the science and religion were not in conflict, can reduce this obstacle, creating a favorable environment for guiding science content. Besides, intolerant actions disrespect the existing prerogatives focused on the promotion of an education for human rights and for the valorization of the interculturality. A bibliographical review indicated the need to develop material and strategies for the discussion of relations between science and religion in the classroom. From this, we elaborate a historical narrative that can offer subsidies to guide this subject in teachers training. Besides, a proposal in which we collected different episodes of the history of the sciences for a diverse and plural debate. In this mostly theoretical project, we apply the methodologies of bibliographic analysis and document analysis, in addition to the content analysis for the optimization and evaluation of the review of selected articles. Different results have been obtained in this study. The bibliographical review was able to map the types of publications developed in recent years, pointing out ways to develop the theme in science teaching. Following one of these paths, based on a research focused on science teaching, we proposed a course involving different moments and historical characters that bring together several aspects about the origin and development of the Universe. We present a narrative about aspects of the Isaac Newton\'s work, which can be applied in one of these proposed moments. We seek to offer some subsidies for teachers\' awareness of the students\' right to belief, guiding contexts of different scopes and social nuances that influence the development of scientific thinking. We intended to have this action reverberated and that different aspects of the nature of science can be discussed into teacher\'s education.

This thesis explores the role of Quaker women in science in an attempt to arrive at some understanding of what motivated Quaker women in nineteenth century America to go into the sciences. George Fox founded the Society of Friends in the mid-seventeenth century in England and the Quaker theology centered on the concept of the Inner Light, which is the idea that everyone has the capacity to perceive, recognize, and respond to God. Following their Inner Light to find God, Quakers also referred to themselves as "seekers of truth." Additionally, Quakers have believed since their inception in the equality between men and women. Given the Quaker desire to pursue truth and their belief that women have the same capacity to do so as men, it is not surprising that there were a number of Quaker women in science. Through an examination of three Quaker women in science, I discuss the Quaker influences in their lives and works with the larger goal of demonstrating the inherent connections that exist between Quaker theology and the pursuit of science in the nineteenth century. One such connection lies within the tradition of natural theology, which was prevalent in the larger scientific community in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The connection that is unique to Quakers, though, relates to their idea of the search for truth, which led many Quakers to employ scientific methods. The three Quaker women examined in this study, astronomer Maria Mitchell, naturalist Graceanna Lewis, and medical doctor Ann Preston, were all truth-seekers in some sense who wanted to find evidence of God's work within nature. / Graduation date: 2005

The thesis argues that Neopaganism on the Web is an example of mythopoesis and aims at showing both the novelty and the limits of such mythopoesis. I use the term "mythopoesis" in its original Greek meaning, i.e. "the creation (the making/crafting) of a myth or myths", thus stressing the dynamic way in which the process of creation (of myths, rituals, divinities, identities—all implicitly or explicitly played out, connected, and organised as "stories", which can be told, written or performed, as well as represented as images) unfolds in Neopaganism. Neopagan mythopoesis on the Web is new, original, and structurally different from other previous and contemporary examples of mythopoesis, either religious or not, since it does not refuse, put aside, or implicitly contradict, the rational framework elaborated by Western culture. The research involves exploring the contemporary cultural and historical context that allows for mythopoesis to take place and the technology that allows for it to develop. It analyses the key features of Neopaganism on the Web as they emerge from the mythopoeic recreation of two ancient goddesses (Gaia, and Artemis/Diana) and an ancient ritual (the Eleusinian mysteries). In covering several different fields (from ancient religions, to the Internet, to myth and ritual theory), and in examining a range of heterogeneous materials (from ancient texts, Neopagan hymns and art, to hypertexts), the analysis adopts an interdisciplinary approach.

Divine healing has been often seen in opposition to human healing. The two spheres, have been considered as separate, both in space and in terms of elements involved. Asclepian sanctuaries have been mostly presented as domains of exclusively divine intervention, without any involvement of the human factor, possibly with the sole exception of dream interpretation. However, the written testimonies of temple cures, both those in the form of cure inscriptions dedicated in sanctuaries and the literary accounts of the incubation experience, give us reasons to suppose that the practical side of the functioning of the asklepieia could have assumed the involvement of human medicine, with the extent of this involvement differing in various epochs. Regardless of physicians' participation or its lack in the procedure, the methods applied in sanctuary healing appear to have evolved in parallel to the developments in medicine and their popular perception. Archaeological finds as well as the image of Asclepius as the god of medicine itself seem to confirm this. Nevertheless, by no means should these connections between the two spheres be treated as transforming the space of religious meaning into hospitals functioning under the auspices of a powerful god. Although acknowledging them does entail inclusion of human medicine within the space dedicated to Asclepius, it does not thereby deny the procedure of incubation its religious and metaphysical dimension. On the contrary, it shows that to the Greek mind divine and human healing were not mutually exclusive, but overlapped and coincided with each other, proving that the Greek sense of rationality was quite different from the modern and could comprise far more than what we call today "scientific thinking".

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Submitted by Gilvan Almeida (gilvan.almeida@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2016-09-26T14:06:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 152.pdf: 3626949 bytes, checksum: a4d05ae97536c69a441a275b8659cae5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Barata Manoel (msbarata@coc.fiocruz.br) on 2016-10-14T15:32:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 152.pdf: 3626949 bytes, checksum: a4d05ae97536c69a441a275b8659cae5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-14T15:32:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 152.pdf: 3626949 bytes, checksum: a4d05ae97536c69a441a275b8659cae5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / O principal objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as diferentes concepções sobre ciência no pensamento da Igreja através das páginas da importante revista católica brasileira A Ordem, num mundo que presenciou profundas mudanças na relação entre fé e razão, com a aparente vitória de uma perspectiva mais secular sobre a vida. A pesquisa também abrange a percepção das propostas pedagógicas do grupo de intelectuais que escreveram no periódico com vistas à elaboração de um programa educacional para o país, quando predominava o debate pela ampliação do ensino público, gratuito, técnico, profissionalizante e, a princípio, não-confessional. A aproximação com o tema da educação se insere no quadro de uma ampla abordagem também sobre o conhecimento científico, no período compreendido entre as décadas de 1920 e 1940. (AU) / The main objective of this work is to analyze the different conceptions about science on Church thought throughout the pages of the important Brazilian Catholic magazine A Ordem [“The Order”], in a world that faced deep changes in the relationship between faith and reason, showing an apparent victory of a secular perspective about life. The research also includes the perception of the pedagogical proposals of the group of intellectuals who wrote on the magazine aiming the elaboration of an educational program for the country, when prevailed the debate on the enlargement of the public, free, technical, professionalized and, at first, nonconfessional teaching. The nearness with the education theme is inserted on the picture of a wide approach about the scientific knowledge, between the decades of 1920 and 1940.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeilaneAS_TESE.pdf: 1924574 bytes, checksum: 2c1ab57f0803d739d64150ddfcc7062a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The thesis has its largest array in the reorganization of science that is built from the middle of the last century and its horizon reconnection between scientific culture and humanistic culture, and the dialogue between science, art and literature. This epistemological regeneration view of the scientific paradigm incorporates the poetic language and sociological analysis, and brings out a complex, open and transdisciplinary narrative. To undertake this exercise as interlocutors we have thinkers like Nietzsche, L?vi-Strauss, Edgar Morin and Bruno Latour, to name a few, and as a reference for analyzing the entire artistic production of one of the icons of Brazilian music, Clara Nunes. It is problematized up in this work, through the singer s discography, lyrics and fragments of her biography, the construction of a social character that politicized culture, increased the mestizo consciousness of popular imagery, and exceeded the excessively prosaic narratives of the academic and scientific culture. The central argument of the thesis recognizes a Hybrid Subject Clara Nunes, as indeed is what is expected of the politically engaged intellectual in the 21st century / A tese tem como matriz maior a reorganiza??o da ci?ncia que se edifica a partir de meados do s?culo passado e tem como horizonte a religa??o entre cultura cient?fica e cultura human?stica, bem como o di?logo entre ci?ncia, arte e literatura. Essa via de regenera??o epistemol?gica do paradigma cient?fico incorpora a linguagem po?tica ? an?lise sociol?gica e faz emergir uma narrativa complexa, aberta e transdisciplinar. Para empreender esse exerc?cio temos como interlocutores pensadores como Nietzsche, L?vi-Strauss, Edgar Morin e Bruno Latour, para citar alguns, e como refer?ncia de an?lise o conjunto da produ??o art?stica de um dos ?cones da m?sica brasileira, Clara Nunes. Problematiza-se aqui, por meio da discografia, das letras das m?sicas e de fragmentos da biografia da cantora, a constru??o social de um personagem que politizou a cultura, potencializou a consci?ncia mesti?a do imagin?rio popular e ultrapassou as narrativas excessivamente prosaicas da cultura acad?mico-cient?fica. O argumento central da tese reconhece em Clara Nunes um Sujeito H?brido, como de resto ? o que se espera do intelectual politicamente engajado no s?culo 21

AFRIKAANS: Die Antieke ruimtevaarder-teorie stel voor dat wesens uit die ruimte die Aarde in die antieke verlede besoek het. Hierdie wesens was betrokke by die vroeë geskiedenis van die planet. Hulle het bewoonbare toestande geskep asook menslike intelligensie deur 'n proses van genetiese ingenieurswese. Hul besoeke is opgeteken en deur mense oorgelewer in godsdienste, mitologieë en antieke legendes. Hul teenwoordigheid is ook nog waarneembaar in antieke fisiese oorblyfsels. Voorstanders van die Ruimtevaarderteorie bied dit aan as 'n wetenskaplike hipotese en as die "mees perfekte algemene noemer van alle tye" wat 'n moderne verklaring vir die oer-godsdiens bied. Afdeling A van die studie bied 'n oorsig oor die teorie en die bewyse wat daarvoor aangebied word. Daar word aangetoon dat, hoewel die meeste van die postulate nie deur die moderne wetenskap as "onsinnig" beskou word nie, dit nie oortuig as 'n werkbare wetenskaplike teorie nie. Omdat daar weinig verskille tussen die basiese onderneming van die wtenskap en die godsdiens bestaan (beide vertrek vanaf onbewysbare aannames om waargenome data te verklaar) word daar vermoed dat die Antieke ruimtevaarder-teorie eerder funksioneer op die vlak van religieusiteit. Hierdie tese word ondersoek in Afdeling B van die studie: Daar word voorgestel dat die Fenomenologiese metode van godsdienswetenskaplike ondersoek, wat poog om 'n fenomeen te verstaan nie soos dit manifesteer nie, maar op die dieper vlak van die funksie en betekenins daarvan, die mees paslike metode vir die ondersoek is. (p> Met gebruikmaking van die insigte van 'n Fenomenologiese benadering, word aangedui dat die Antieke ruimtevaarder-teorie funksioneer as 'n godsdienstige beweging met eienskappe van 'n kulte en 'n nieu-mitologie. Die aanvaarbaarheid van die teorie vir die vele volgelinge daarvan, en die gepaardgaande groei van die bcweging wat dit propageer, word verklaar uit 'n kombinasie van sosiologiese en psigologiese faktore wat aan die werk is in die moderne Westerse beskawing. Vanuit 'n fenomenologiese gesigspunt word gekonkludeer dat die Ruimtevaardcrteorie baie suksesvol op religieuse vlak is. Dit slaag daarin om die Bybel weer "geloofwaardig" te maak en skep weer 'n "kosmiese raamwerk" vir die betekenis van die menslike bestaan. Die teorie kan ook beskou word as 'n prysenswaardige poging tot die sintetisering van godsdiens en die modeme wetenskap vir die aanhangers daarvan, en om die geestelike behoeftes van mense in 'n verwarrende en verwarde wêreld aan te spreek. In 'n slotafdeling word die bevindinge van die studie teologies oorweeg en word die waarde daarvan vir die Chrislelike godsdiens aangetoon. ENGLISH: The Ancient astronaut theory proposes that beings from outer space came to Earth in the distant past. These beings were involved in the early history of the planet: They created habitable conditions and human intelligence by genetic engineering. Their visits were recorded and handed down by humans in their religions, mythologies and ancient legends. Their presence is also visible in ancient physical remains. Proponents present the Astronaut theory as a scientific hypothesis and as "the most perfect common denominator of all time", allowing a modem explanation for old-time religion: Section A of the study provides an overview of the theory and the evidence presented in support of it. It is shown that, although many of the postulates are being accepted by modem science as "not unreasonable", it is not convincing as a workable scientific theory. Since there is little difference between the basic enterprises of science and religion (both departing from unproven suppositions to explain perceived data) it is suspected that the Astronaut theory rather functions on a level of religiosity. This thesis is investigated in Section 8 of the study: It is proposed that the Phenomenological method of studying religion, which attempts to understand a phenomenon not in the way it manifests itself, but on the deeper level of its function and meaning, is the most appropriate for this investigation. Using the insights of a Phenomeno!ogical approach, it is shown that the Ancient astronaut theory functions as a religious movement with attributes of a cult and a new-mythology. The acceptability of the theory for its many followers and the resulting growth of the movement that proposes it, is explained from a combination of social and psychological factors at work in Western society. From a phenomenological point of view it is concluded that the Astronaut theory may be considered very successful on a religious level: It succeeds in making the Bible "respectable" again and it recreates a "cosmic framework" for the meaning of human existence. The theory may also be considered a praiseworthy attempt to synthesise religion and modem science for its supporters and to address the spiritual needs of man in a confusing and confused world. In a final section of the study, the results are being considered theologically and their value. being shown for Christianity. / Thesis (PhD (Science of Religion))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Science of Religion and Missiology / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:12:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 eduardo_pessoa_crucho_cunha.pdf: 1414159 bytes, checksum: 18cfe6d4986f35d6d5925627faa123c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-22 / The debate in the religious field has always been successful in building possibilities of understanding of society, in its forms of sociability established to interpret and / or reflect the prospect of an era. In Brazilian contemporary formulation of these dimensions we have combined the entry of new actors and social institutions. In the case of this specific work, the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG) has as its most representative founder Bishop Macedo, who since the 1970s has been building and expanding the spaces in the Brazilian religious life. Gift of various media, ta king its greatest Record brand, one sees a speech that is embodied by the significant increase in believers. However, what we show in this paper is not the perspective of the expanding Church, we analyze the church speech and its implications for ethical and legal nature of the damage caused to the faithful who have not had their promises fulfilled in the marketing logic graces due rites and practices dictated by the UCKG. Besides the legal issues contextualize the social context that is inserted speeches, damage, but mainly its logical action. This implies not only deal with the marketing aspect of the faith, but to include this practice in a society model based on consumerist values which the most fundamental values are lost due to the most basic needs and, above all, respect for moral ethical principles that guide human dignity. / O debate no campo religioso sempre foi próspero nas possibilidades de construção de entendimento da sociedade, nas suas formas de estabelecerem sociabilidades, de interpretarem e/ou de refletirem a perspectiva de uma época. Na contemporaneidade brasileira temos a formulação destas dimensões aliadas a entrada de novos atores e instituições sociais. No caso deste trabalho, específico, a Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD) tendo como seu maior representante e fundador o Bispo Edir Macedo, que desde a década de 1970 vem construindo e ampliando os espaços na vida religiosa brasileira. Presente dos diversos meios de comunicação, tendo na Record sua marca maior, percebe-se um discurso que ganha corpo pelo aumento significativo de fiéis. No entanto, o que mostrarmos neste trabalho não é a perspectiva de Igreja que se expande, para além, buscamos analisar o discurso iurdiano e suas implicações de natureza ético-jurídica, dos danos causados a fieis que não tiveram suas promessas cumpridas na lógica mercadológica de graças alcançadas em função de ritos e práticas ditadas pela IURD. Além das questões jurídicas cont extualizamos o contexto social que está inserido os discursos, os danos, mas, principalmente, sua lógica de ação. Isto implica não apenas tratar do aspecto mercadológico da fé, mas inserir esta prática num modelo de sociedade pautado em valores consumistas do qual os valores mais fundamentais se perdem em função das necessidades mais básicas e, principalmente, do respeito aos princípios éticos morais que norteiam a dignidade humana.

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