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電視新聞記者集體合作行為對職能與專業態度之影響 / The Impact of TV Journalists' Interpersonal Cooperation on News Production and Professional Competencies唐德蓉 Unknown Date (has links)
因應傳播科技發展與市場化競爭,台灣電視新聞記者愈來愈常見利用MSN「會稿」與新聞畫面的「合帶」,進行緊密的集體合作行為。電視新聞記者透過集體「會稿」,不漏新聞又能掌握各台動向,因此受到新聞室組織的默許,甚而影響各台的新聞取向與編輯策略。而原只存在於駐地記者的「合帶」行為,也逐漸向上擴展到地方新聞中心,甚至台北總部,使得記者對集體合作的依存度更高。 電視台記者的跨台集體合作行為,導致台灣電視新聞出現特殊的「合工效應」,新聞內容更趨「同質化」與「濫獨家」現象充斥。電視記者蒐集新聞資訊方式從過去佈線經營人脈,轉變為倚賴同業關係而獲得,但二手資訊卻常使得新聞的錯誤率增加。 本研究透過訪談20位資深電視新聞記者,勾勒出「會稿」與「合帶」集體合作行為的三層次形貌,剖析不同層次集體合作的運作方式與目的,並探討集體合作對於新聞產製流程、電視記者職能與專業態度的影響,同時對電視新聞媒體現況提出省思。 / The development of communication technology and growing competition have led TV reporters in Taiwan to rely on underground inter-station and interpersonal cooperation, which consists mainly of information exchange on MSN and news video sharing. Despite the potential violation of work ethics, such cooperation eliminates the possibility of missing out on any news story, and hence is given silent permission from the news room. Such news gathering, however, has to a certain extent changed the selection and editing strategies in TV stations. News video sharing, a method originally used only among local correspondents, has spread to regional news centers, and sometime even the headquarters in Taipei. These in turn reinforce reporters’ reliance on interpersonal cooperation.
Such interpersonal cooperation of TV reporters in Taiwan has also resulted in a homogeneous news industry full of meaningless “exclusive” news stories. While reporters used to gather news from independent sources, they have now turned to share information with other TV stations. Despite the convenience, such second-hand facts are of more potential errors. The researcher of this paper has interviewed twenty senior TV reporters and depicted a tri-tier cooperative system—from local correspondents, regional news centers, to headquarters. This study looks into the means and purposes of this cooperation model on all the three levels and probes into its possible effects on the news reporting process, TV reporters’ competencies, and professional attitudes.
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A comparative analysis of the coverage of the South African electrical energy crisis during the period 2005-2010 by Cape Town newspapersHoltzhausen, Jacobus Petrus 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Electrical energy has become an indispensable part of the modern world, supporting
industries and economic systems. Any disruption of supply is felt immediately in all spheres
of life. The operation of a power system is a complex process involving rotating machines that
may fail from time even though they are maintained regularly. The overhead transmission
system is likewise prone to faults caused by environmental factors such as pollution and
lightning. Power authorities therefore operate their systems in such a way that they have
sufficient reserve capacity available to allow for contingencies. In the last decade of the
previous century a condition developed, for various reasons, that the reserve margin was too
small in the South African electricity supply system. At the end of 2005, a spate of failures
occurred at Koeberg power station and later in 2007 serious coal supply problems developed
at the large power stations in Mpumalanga, aggravating the situation.
This research project focuses on the complexity of the task of the reporter when
reporting on occurrences such as these. It is required to convey the factual situation to the
readers, avoiding alarmism and sensationalism. At the same time the reporter also has a role to
play in educating the readers. It was a difficult task, seeing that the reporters were not
necessary versed in the technical field. They therefore had to rely on Eskom’s spokespersons.
In this project newspaper clippings of various Western Cape newspapers containing the
word Eskom were analysed. The method of analysis was content analysis. Firstly the
quantitative content analysis was used to obtain distribution of articles over the period and
among newspapers. Thereafter the topics covered and the types of article were obtained for
the various newspapers and years. Next articles for 2006 and 2008 were investigated using
qualitative content analysis. Certain attributes in the articles were detected manually and a
profile was obtained for each newspaper for each year period.
Questionnaires were sent to reporters responsible for some of the articles and to a
technical expert who was consulted regularly by the news reporters.
It was found that the number of articles and style of presentation vary among the
newspapers. There is evidence of framing of Eskom as incompetent. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Elektriese energie het ¢n onontbeerlike deel van die moderne wêreld geword wat nywerhede
en ekonomiese stelsels ondersteun. Enige onderbreking van toevoer word onmiddellik in alle
lewensfere gevoel. Die werking van kragstelsel is komplekse proses met roterende
masjiene en ander toerusting wat onderworpe aan faling is, selfs al word dit in stand gehou.
Die oorhoofse transmissiestelsel is ook onderworpe aan foute wat deur omgewingsfaktore
soos besoedeling en weerlig veroorsaak word. Kragvoorsieners bedryf daarom hul stelsels
so dat hulle voldoende reserwekapasiteit het om toe te laat vir gebeurlikhede. In die laaste
dekade van die vorige eeu het die toestand, om verskeie redes, ontwikkel dat die
reserwemarge in die Suid-Afrikaanse stelsel te klein geword het. Teen die einde van 2005
het reeks falings by Koeberg kragstasie plaasgevind en later in 2007 het ernstige
steenkoolvoorsieningsprobleme by die groot kragstasies in Mpumalanga ontstaan en dus die
situasie vererger.
Hierdie navorsingsprojek fokus op die kompleksiteit van die taak van die verslaggewer
as oor sulke gebeure verslag gedoen word. Dit word vereis om die feitelike situasie oor te dra
sonder alarmisme en sensasie. Terselfdertyd moet die verslaggewer ook rol speel om die
lesers op te voed. Dit is moeilike taak daar die verslaggewers nie noodwendig belese in die
tegniese vakgebied is nie. Hulle moes dus staatmaak op Eskom se spreekbuise.
In hierdie projek is koerantuitknipsels van verskeie Wes-Kaapse koerante wat die woord
Eskom bevat, ontleed. Die metode wat gebruik is, is inhoudsanalise. Eerstens is kwantitatiewe
inhoudsanalise gebruik om die verspreiding van artikels oor die tydperk en tussen die koerante
te verkry. Daarna is die onderwerpe wat gedek is verkry vir die onderskeie koerante en jare.
Vervolgens is artikels van 2006 en 2008 ondersoek deur kwalitatiewe inhoudsanalise te doen.
Sekere kenmerke is in die artikels opgespoor en profiel is verkry vir elke koerant en elke
jaarperiode.
Vraelyste is aan verslaggewers wat sommige artikels geskryf het en ook aan tegniese
deskundige wat gereeld deur verslaggewers genader is, gestuur.
Dit is bevind dat die getal artikels en die styl van aanbieding wissel tussen die koerante
Daar is ook tekens van raming van Eskom as onbekwaam.
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Social media in the newspaper newsroom : the professional use of Facebook and Twitter at Rapport and The Mail & GuardianJordaan, Marenet 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil) -- Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In a time of uncertainty for newspapers due in part to dwindling circulation, loss of
advertising revenue and declining readership, Internet-based technologies have continued to
grow. The unprecedented rise of social media, of which Facebook and Twitter are wellknown
examples, has not gone unnoticed by the newspaper community. Despite their initial
misgivings about the credibility of the information disseminated on these media, mainstream
journalists worldwide have gradually started to adopt social media as professional tools.
Social media serve as channels that help to funnel information towards journalists. Some
newspaper journalists also use these media to broadcast news and promote their personal
brands.
The continued use of social media on a professional level will arguably have an
impact on the daily routines and cultures within a newsroom. Academic research in this area
is limited, especially within the South African context. This study explores whether the
professional use of social media, with specific reference to Facebook and Twitter, influences
the processes and cultures of news selection and presentation at the South Africa newspapers
Rapport and the Mail & Guardian. A newsroom study within a social constructionism
paradigm employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies,
including self-administered questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and ethnography.
The main findings of this study were that the majority of journalists at Rapport and
the Mail & Guardian used Facebook and Twitter actively on a professional level – mainly for
trend tracking. The newsroom cultures were open and encouraging towards social media use.
Journalists were also aware that social media create opportunities for their audiences to
challenge the traditional roles of journalists and the realities constructed by the mainstream
media. According to the journalists from Rapport and the Mail & Guardian the professional
use of social media had not significantly altered their processes of news selection and
presentation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Terwyl koerante ’n onsekere tyd beleef, deels weens dalende sirkulasiesyfers, ’n verlies aan
advertensie-inkomste en ’n afname in lesertalle, het Internetgebaseerde tegnologieë aanhou
groei. Die ongekende groei van sosial media, waarvan Facebook en Twitter welbekende
voorbeelde is, het nie ongesiens by die koerantgemeenskap verby gegaan nie. Ondanks hul
aanvanklike bedenkinge oor die geloofwaardigheid van inligting wat op dié media versprei
word, het hoofstroomjoernaliste wêreldwyd geleidelik begin om sosiale media as
professionele hulpmiddels te aanvaar. Sosial media dien as kanale waardeur inligting na
joernaliste vloei. Sommige koerantjoernaliste gebruik ook die media om nuus uit te saai en
hul persoonlike handelsmerk te bemark.
Die volgehoue gebruik van sosial media op ’n professionele vlak sal bes moontlik ’n
impak op die daaglikse roetine en kulture binne ’n nuuskantoor hê. Akademiese navorsing op
die gebied is beperk, veral binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Hierdie navorsing ondersoek
of die professionele gebruik van sosiale media, met spesifieke verwysing na Facebook en
Twitter, ’n invloed het op die prosesse en kulture van nuusseleksie en
-aanbieding by die Suid-Afrikaanse koerante Rapport en die Mail & Guardian. ’n
Nuuskantoorstudie, binne ’n sosiale konstruktivisme paradigma, het ’n kombinasie van
kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodologieë ingespan, insluitende:
selfgeadministreerde vraelyste, halfgestruktureerde onderhoude en etnografie.
Die hoofbevindinge van die studie was dat die meerderheid van die joernaliste by
Rapport en die Mail & Guardian Facebook en Twitter aktief op ’n professionele vlak gebruik
het – hoofsaaklik om tendense dop te hou. Die nuuskantoorkulture was oop en aanmoedigend
teenoor die gebruik van sosiale media. Joernaliste was ook bewus daarvan dat sosiale media
geleenthede skep vir hul gehore om die tradisionele rol van joernaliste, sowel as die realiteite
wat deur die hoofstroommedia geskep word, te betwis. Volgens die joernaliste van Rapport
en die Mail & Guardian het die professionele gebruik van sosiale media nie hul
nuusinsamelings- en aanbiedingsprosesse noemenswaardig beïnvloed nie.
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Media as agenda setters : a study of the infected and affected living with HIV/AidsNgam, Theophilus Mamnkeli 03 1900 (has links)
Assignment (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The media, in its ongoing task to inform and educate South Africans, seemingly set the agenda in such a way that depicts poor black African people as the only racial group that is affected and infected by HIV/Aids. Photographs of poor black Africans are also used to inform and educate the public about the pandemic. In short, the media has set an agenda that has given HIV/Aids a black African face: vulnerable, helpless and living in squalid conditions. The hypothesis of this research is that it is racial stereotyping of poor black Africans, and that it is perpetuated by the Daily Dispatch and other media.
It is also important to note that the voices of the affected and infected are not prominent in news reports about the pandemic. Their stories are either told by the journalists themselves or someone else as a spokesperson. The media must begin to give space to the heroes and heroines who are affected and infected by the HIV/Aids pandemic to tell their stories in their own words.
Qualitative content analysis of the Daily Dispatch from 1 to 31 December 2004 was conducted. News stories, photographs, headlines and captions were analysed.
This analysis shows that the voices of the affected and infected are still lacking in news reports and that poor black African people are used as the only visuals in HIV/Aids news stories.
This study recommends that more attention should be given to upholding and respecting the rights of the affected and infected by the disease. The media should also allow their voices to be heard, not through spokespeople, but from their own mouths. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit lyk of die media in sy voortgaande taak om Suid-Afrikaners in te lig en op te voed, die agenda op so ’n manier stel dat dit arm swart Afrikane as die enigste rassegroep voorstel wat deur MIV/Vigs geaffekteer en geïnfekteer word. Foto’s van arm swart Afrikane word ook gebruik om die publiek oor die pandemie in te lig en op te voed.
In ’t kort, die media het ’n agenda gestel wat MIV/Vigs ’n swart, Afrika-gesig gee: een wat arm, ontvanklik en hulpeloos is, en wat in haglike toestande leef.
Die hipotese van hierdie navorsing berus daarop dat dit rasse-stereotipiering is van arm swart Afrikane, en dat die Daily Dispatch en ander media dit perpetueer.
Dit is ook belangrik om daarop te let dat die stemme van die geaffekteerde en geïnfekteerde nie so prominent in nuusberige oor die pandemie is nie. Hul stories word vertel deur die joernaliste self, of iemand anders wat ’n segspersoon is. Die media moet begin om hierdie helde en heldinne wat deur die siekte geaffekteer en geïnfekteer is, self hul storie te laat vertel, in hul eie woorde.
Kwalitatiewe inhoudsanalise van die Daily Dispatch van 1 tot 31 Desember 2004 is uitgevoer. Nuusstories, foto’s, opskrifte en onderskrifte is geanaliseer.
Hierdie analise toon dat die stemme van die geaffekteerde en geïnfekteerde steeds in ons nuusberigte ontbreek en dat arm swart Afrikane die enigste visuele onderwerpe in MIV-Vigs nuusstories is.
Hierdie studie beveel aan dat meer aandag gegee moet word om die regte van die geaffekteerde en geïnfekteerde te bewaar en te respekteer. Die media moet ook toelaat dat diegene se stemme gehoor word, nie deur segspersone nie, maar uit hul eie monde. / ISISHWANKATHELOL: Kubonakala ngathi amajelo eendaba kwinzame zawo zokufundisa nokwazisa uluntu loMzantsi Afrika ngesifo sikaGawulayo neNtsholongwane yaso, abonakalisa abantu abaMnyama beli njengohlanga ekukuphela kwalo oluthi luchatshazelwe sesi sifo. Nkqu nemifanekiso ethi isetyenziswe kumabalili athetha ngesi sifo, yileyo yabantu abaMnyama abazimpula zikalujacu ezingathathi ntweni. Ngokufutshane amajelo eendaba anika isizwe umzobo osengqondweni othi, uGawulayo neNtsholongwane yakhe uchaphazela ze ubulale abantu abaMnyama abahluphekileyo nabaphila phantsi kweemeko zobugxwayiba.
Kusenjalo olu hlalutyo lubonakalise ukuba amazwi abantu abanesifo sikaGawulayo nabo bachaphazelekayo awakho kupapasho lweendaba. Kwakhona iingxelo ngesi sifo zinika ingqwasela kubantu abaMnyama abahluphekileyo neminifanekiso yabo kuphela. Akukho nto ithethekayo ngezinye intlanga.
Okokuqala, olu phando ngoko ke lucebisa ukuba makuhlonitshwe umGaqo Siseko weli ngokubhekiselele kumalungelo abantu ingakubi abo banesifo sikaGawulayo neNtsholongwane yaso.
Okwesibini, amajelo eendaba mawaqinisekise ukuba abantu abagula sesi sifo nabo sibachaphazelayo bayazithethela ngemilomo yabo kuba ngabo abajamelene neentlungu umhla nezolo.
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The coalface of journalism: A qualitative research investigation into development communication objectives amongst rural newspapers in the Overberg DistrictGalant, Raashied 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil (Journalism))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / 131 p. / This thesis explores how six commercial local newspapers based in the towns of
Swellendam, Bredasdorp, Caledon and Gansbaai are reporting on gender and HIV/AIDS
in ways that may help to shift specific attitudes as well as to generate appropriate
community responses. The overall aim of the study is to advance theories around the
location of commercial news media in the development context. It also aims to inform
and empower development workers and activists on the opportunities or pitfalls in
engaging with rural local media to advance their development goals.
In most prior studies into the nature of gender or HIV/AIDS reporting in the media in
South Africa, the focus has been exclusively on mainstream corporate and/or urbanbased
media titles and very little investigation has been done into the performance of small
ruralbased
media. The study employs two methods of data collection namely, a
quantitative content analysis of newspapers and structured interviews with the editors of
the papers, and a sample group of government employees and community activists in the
respective towns.
The structured interviews provide a qualitative dimension to the content analysis, bearing
in mind the dangers of quantifying media content and making isolated judgements on the
actual context of journalistic practice. Through the interviews, the researcher has been
able to explore the extent to which the perceptions of the media editors visavis
a public
interest role with respect to gender and HIV/AIDS actually differs from the quantitative
evidence of their performance and the perceptions of key informants in their
communities.
The findings of the study suggest that local rural media hold out great hope with respect
to the advancement of development communication goals through commercial media
platforms. The editors in the four towns have established organic connections with their
community, albeit tenuous, but which extend into the ranks of development workers in
their towns. The data from the content analysis suggests that women enjoy high visibility
in the pages of their local papers, and they are most likely to be portrayed as positive
achievers than as women encountering violence.
The tenuous nature of the connections between editor and community are most starkly
evident around the issue of HIV/AIDS, with coverage of this being very low despite much
work being undertaken in the community to deal with the pandemic. With respect to the
issue of gender, there was demonstrable evidence from actual examples of content, that
showed on the one hand the capacity to motivate for change in women's lives, but also on
the other hand a danger of reinforcing attitudes that compound women's oppression. The
study offers recommendations to a range of roleplayers to ensure, firstly, the continued
survival of local rural newspapers, and also support in building capacity to see these
papers mature into journalism products that are integrative and transformative. / Ford Foundation and the Media Development and Diversity Agency
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Media representation of South Africas female politicians : the case of the Mail & Guardian – 2010 to 2011Phiri, Millie Mayiziveyi 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is a feminist investigation of the reporting on the female politicians in the
Mail & Guardian using the SADC Protocol on Gender and Development media requirements
on content as the yardstick. The Protocol is a regional policy adopted in 2008 by regional
governments aimed at achieving gender equity in key sectors by 2015. The Protocol is a
regional instrument set up to assist in meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
The study investigated whether the Protocol’s media requirements were being observed by
the Mail&Guardian. The media’s role of providing information can assist the MDGs to be
met. These requirements encourage the media in the region to reach gender parity in the use
of news sources and writing of news reports that help to reduce gender-based violence and
the portrayal of women that is not stereotypic and oppressive. The themes of the study, which
were “gender-based violence”, “gender oppression” and “stereotypes against women” were
influenced by these requirements. Gender-based violence is a major impediment to
development in Africa because of the heavy financial burden it puts on governments and
communities to treat victims and offer them shelter and counselling. Gender-based violence
affects women’s full productivity in society because it results in death or victims remaining
absent from work while they seek treatment. Stereotypes and gender oppression are viewed
as dangerous because not only do they deny younger generations role models but they
perpetuate the insubordination of women in society. The study linked the themes to female
parliamentarians because being legislators and policy makers, they have a strategic and critical role to play in helping to achieve gender equity. There is a perception that female
politicians offer different perspectives to issues. The media can be a vehicle through which
these female politicians can express their opinions. This is because the media is supposed to
offer freedom of expression to all its citizens regardless of gender. In order to examine if the
female ideology had a place in the Mail & Guardian a feminist theoretical approach was used.
The study employed a triangulation approach in which both the qualitative and quantitative
research methodologies were used. The quantitative method was employed to a small extent
to quantify the coverage of female politicians. Triangulation in data collection entailed using
both the content analysis and in-depth interviews. Findings of the study showed a violation of
the Protocol’s media requirements. News reporting about female politicians centred on
scandals and controversies and journalists and editors were ignorant of the Protocol’s media
requirements. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie was ’n feministiese ondersoek na die Mail & Guardian se verslaggewing oor vrouepolitici.
Dis gedoen met die interregeringsorganisasie, die Suider-Afrikaanse
Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap (SAOG), se Protokol oor Geslag en Ontwikkeling as maatstaf.
Die Protokol is ’n beleid wat in 2008 deur die owerhede van die SAOG-lidlande van stapel
gestuur is, met die oog op geslagsgelykheid in sleutelsektore teen 2015. Dit dien as
instrument en hulpmiddel in die nastreef van bogenoemde. Die studie stel ondersoek in na die
handhawing, al dan nie, van die Protokol se mediavereistes deur die Mail & Guardian. Die
media se rol as verskaffer van inligting kan die strewe hierna bevorder. Die vereistes moedig
die media in die onderskeie streke aan om geslagsgelykheid toe te pas wat betref die gebruik
van nuusbronne, die skep van nuusberigte wat bydra tot die vermindering van
geslagsgebaseerde geweld en die uitbeeld van vroue wat wegskram van stereotipering en
onderdrukking. Die temas van die studie-"geslagsgebaseerde geweld",
"geslagsonderdrukking" en “stereotipering van vroue" is gevolglik deur die Protokol se
vereistes beïnvloed. Geslagsgebaseerde geweld is ’n wesenlike struikelblok in die pad van
ontwikkeling in Afrika, deels weens die swaar finansiële las wat dit plaas op gemeenskaplike
en regeringsvlak. Só moet slagoffers dikwels behandeling, skuiling en berading ontvang. Dit
het ook ’n besliste impak op vroue se produktiwiteit in die breër samelewing, aangesien
slagoffers van geslagsgebaseerde geweld in sommige gevalle afwesig is uit die werksomgewing om behandel te word of-in meer ernstige gevalle-sterf. Stereotipering en
onderdrukking word as uiters gevaarlik beskou, aangesien dit nie nét die ondergeskiktheid
van vroue laat voortleef nie; maar boonop jonger generasies van rolmodelle ontneem. Die
temas van die studie word verbind met vroulike parlementslede weens hul rolle as
beleidsopstellers en wetmakers. Dié vroue het strategiese en belangrike verpligtinge om na te
kom in die strewe na geslagsgelykheid. Die persepsie bestaan dat vroue-politici dikwels ’n
ander, nuwe perspektief op kwessies bied. Die media kan in dié opsig as ’n waardevolle
voertuig aangewend word om die perspektiewe tuis te bring. Die media het ook ’n plig om
vryheid van uitdrukking te verseker aan alle landsburgers - ongeag hulle geslag. Ten einde te
bepaal of die ideologie deur die Mail & Guardian toegepas is, is ’n feministiese teoretiese
aanslag gevolg. Die studie het gebruik gemaak van triangulasie, waartydens beide
kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetodologieë ingespan is. Die kwantitatiewe
metode is gebruik om die mediadekking van vroue-politici te kwantifiseer. Triangulasie is
ook tydens die data-insamelingsproses gebruik. Dit het ingesluit die aanwend van inhoudsanalises, asook in-diepte onderhoude. Die bevinding van die studie dui op die
oortreding van die Protokol se mediavereistes. Verslaggewing oor vroue-politici is grootliks
toegespits op skandale en omstredenheid en beide joernaliste en inhoudsredakteurs blyk
onkundig te wees oor die vereistes.
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Investigating at the grassroots: exploring the origins, purposes journalistic practices and outcomes in two award-winning Daily Dispatch editorial projectsLunga, Carolyne Mande January 2011 (has links)
This thesis explores the origins, purposes, journalistic practices and outcomes of two award-winning projects namely Broken Homes and Slumlords done by Daily Dispatch's Gcina Ntsaluba in 2009. The projects were described by the paper as investigative journalism but interestingly the original idea came from grassroots driven strategies and they were done by adopting alternative news gathering strategies and immersion in the ordinary people, inspired by public journalism. This thesis follows Christians et al's (2009) normative theoretical framework of press roles summarised as the monitorial, facilitative, collaborative and radical roles. It provides normative prescriptions of public and investigative journalism, development and radical journalism. It then draws on sociological theoretical critiques in order to provide an analytical overview of the complex matrix of political, economic and media contexts which influenced the origins, purposes, journalistic practices and outcomes of the two projects. Drawing on a critical realist case study design, the thesis goes on to provide a narrative account of the two projects based on the in-depth interviews exploring the editorial staffs ideas on the origins, purposes, journalistic practices and outcomes of the projects and a qualitative content/thematic analysis of the journalistic texts related to the projects. This primary data is then critically evaluated against normative theories of press performance, especially Nip's (2008) key practices and Haas's (2007) 'public philosophy' of public journalism. It is also evaluated against a normative framework of what constitutes "good investigative journalism" based on Ettema and Glasser (1998), Waisbord (2000) among others. Protess et al 1991's classic mobilisation model is used to interrogate the projects' outcomes. The thesis established that there was a close connection of the monitorial (investigative journalism), facilitative (public journalism) and radical (tabloid journalism) roles at the paper which shows that the roles are not mutually exclusive. The two projects however fell short of the collaborative role (development journalism) which can, partly, be attributed to the adversarial nature of the relationship between the state and the media. The Daily Dispatch also failed to activate a platform for deliberation and public problem solving. There might thus be more scope in adopting a 'facilitative monitorial role' which would not only expose those who violate other people's human rights, corrupt people and institutions that are not performing well. Instead it will also activate civic life and facilitate 'collaboration' between government and the publics in problem solving.
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Journalists' appropriation of ICTs in news-gathering and processing: a case study of Grocott's MailDugo, Habtamu Tesfaye January 2008 (has links)
This study set out to investigate Grocott’s Mail journalists’ appropriation of information and communication technologies in news-gathering and processing using the social shaping of technology as a theoretical lens. It mainly focuses on digital ICTs that journalists use in news-gathering and processing including the Internet, electronic mail, and mobile telephony. Grocott’s Mail is a small-scale newspaper based in Grahamstown, South Africa. Using qualitative research method and the case study as its sub-method, the research reveals that Grocott’s Mail journalists’ appropriation of ICTs involves various opportunities and challenges in news-gathering and processing. In terms of the state of the existing technological infrastructure, the study reveals that since it embraced the digital ICTs in 2003, Grocott’s Mail boasts an adequate ICT infrastructure for a small-scale African newspaper with 30 PCs and one laptop, and professional software for 28 permanent employees. On the other hand, the research reveals serious constraints with the existing ICTs: a huge need for staff training and capacity building to fully utilise the ICTs, and the need to look for ways of raising funds to either upgrade or replace the existing ICTs. Grocott’s Mail journalists use the Internet to do background research on news stories, to verify the accuracy of information, and to check competition across other media. These are the merits of the Internet in news-gathering and processing. On the other hand, there are specific unintended consequences of the Internet such as wasting the company’s working time, and its use leading to lazy/press release journalism. Informants unanimously indicate that the main problems of the Internet are heavy dependence on other online news-sources and wasting time on online entertainment. In terms of using email in news-gathering, the research finds email technology as having advantages such as being a tool of flexibility and speed, a tool for email interviews, and as a technology that promotes participatory journalism. On the other hand, challenges related to email include its limitations because of what interviewees view as its supplementary and small-scale use because of its low contextual richness as opposed to face to face interviews. In terms of cellular telephony, the study finds that regardless of the ubiquity of cell phones and cell phone networks, they have not yet been deployed in news-gathering and processing due to various constraints. These are cell phones not being a big factor in reporting, lack of a proper funding and refunding scheme, prevalence of negative attitudes towards cell phones, and lack of a business model. Thus, cellular phones seem to have little or no relevance in news-gathering and processing at Grocott’s Mail presently.
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Performance appraisal systems in United Arab Emirates print media: A case study of the Al-Ittihad and the Al-Bayan Press CorporationsBin-Taher, Ibrahim A. 01 January 1992 (has links)
No description available.
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D'Arthur Buies à Gabrielle Roy, une histoire littéraire du reportage au Québec (1870-1945)Biron, Charlotte 15 December 2020 (has links)
"Thèse en cotutelle, doctorat en études littéraires, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Philosophiæ doctor (Ph. D. )et Université Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France" / À la fin du XIXe siècle, la naissance du journal d’information et du reportage au Canada français contribue à l’émergence d’une littérature de terrain. Au confluent d’échanges, de circulations et d’influences, l’écrivain journaliste canadien-français circule sur le territoire peu peuplé et vaste d’une population francophone éparpillée, un contexte à des kilomètres de la scénographie aventurière qui a nourri le genre et ses fictions les plus connues ailleurs en Occident. Cette thèse s’intéresse à cette forme en dehors des genres canoniques, une littérature qui s’étend des « Deux mille deux cents lieues en chemin de fer » d’Arthur Buies jusqu’aux « Peuples du Canada » de Gabrielle Roy, en passant par l’enquête sur les Franco-Américains de Jules Fournier et par l’incursion chez les draveurs d’Eva Senécal. En amont, c’est la densité introspective des voyages d’Arthur Buies dans les années 1870 qui incarne l’ancêtre du grand reportage au Québec, tandis qu’en aval, c’est la lucidité et l’intimisme de l’écriture de Gabrielle Roy à travers le Canada qui constituent l’aboutissement de ce corpus encore largement méconnu. De fait, la thèse interroge précisément l’absence du reportage dans l’histoire de la littérature québécoise à travers l’idée d’un décalage entre la pratique littéraire du reportage au Québec et les définitions les plus répandues du grand reportage français ou du journalisme littéraire américain. En analysant les spécificités d’un corpus en contrepoint d’une toile mondiale complexe, l’étude jette ainsi un éclairage sur les raisons qui ont contribué à l’oubli du reportage, suggérant du même mouvement qu’une telle fragilité recouvre aussi sans doute la singularité même d’un corpus à l’intersection de la culture littéraire et du désordre du monde. / At the end of the 19th century, the birth of the commercial newspaper contributed to the emergence of a new genre, the reportage, and the development of literary journalism in the Western World. Yet, newspapers in French Canada evolved in a particular context, very different from the more adventurous settings that contributed to reportage’s impressive reputation in North American and French culture. In Quebec, journalists traveled and worked on a vast territory sparsely populated by the French-speaking population. This thesis shed lights on this context and presents the history of literary journalism in the province, from Arthur Buies’s “Deux mille deux cents lieues en chemin de fer” to Gabrielle Roy’s “People of Canada”, including lesser-known works such as Jules Fournier’s pieces on the Franco-Americans and Eva Senécal’s incursion into the lives of log drivers. From the 1870s to the 1940s, the study of reportage reveals a great number of articles, most of them unknown, published in different newspapers. The absence of reportage from the history of literature is at the heart of this thesis. By examining literary journalism in French Canada alongside the most widely used definitions of the “grand reportage” and American literary journalism, this study highlights some of the reasons that account for this absence, suggesting at the same time that the fragility of the corpus also encompasses the uniqueness of this body of work located at the intersection of literary culture and field journalism.
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