Since the beginning of the nuclear era, starting during the 1940s, large amount of radioactivity has been released into the environment. This thesis deals with the temporal and spatial distribution of the anthropogenic radioisotope 129I (T1/2= 15.7 Myr) in northern Europe. A routine sample preparation procedure for extraction of iodine from milligram amounts of solid materials has been developed and aimed for measuring the 129I concentration by the ultra-sensitive accelerator mass spectrometry method. The technique was further used for the analysis of 129I in sediments collected from two lakes in Sweden and one lake in Finland as well as sediments from two sites in the Baltic Sea. In addition, 129I concentrations in aerosol samples from northern and southern Sweden covering the period 1983 to 2000 have been measured. The results reveal a gradual increase in the anthropogenic 129I fluxes since the 1950s that are linked to emissions from the nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities in Sellafield (UK) and La Hague (France). A sharp increase coinciding with the Chernobyl accident is identified from the Swedish lakes located in areas characterised by relatively high Chernobyl fallout. Numerical modeling of the 129I deposition predicts that >50% of the flux to the lake sediments is related to the liquid emissions from the reprocessing facilities. The modeling also reasonably simulates the contribution of the Chernobyl event to the total 129I flux. The novel time series from northern Europe on 129I in aerosols show about one order of magnitude higher concentration in northern compared to southern Sweden. Estimate of 129I dry fallout based on the aerosol data suggests <25% contribution to the total fallout. The distribution of 129I in the sediment archives demonstrates the potential of the isotope as a new time marker for chronological and environmental investigations.

EMDR, eye movement desentization and reprocessing, är en evidensbaserad psykoterapeutisk metod för behandling av bl. a trauma. Syftet med undersökningen var att undersöka effekten av EMDR-behandling på patienter hos S:t Lukas. Frågeställningar: Hur skattar S:t Lukas patienter Posttraumatisk stress disorder (PTSD)-kriterierna återupplevande, undvikande och överspändhet, före och efter EMDR-behandling? Finns det utifrån bakgrundsvariablerna kön, ålder, typ av trauma, tidigare trauma samt antal behandlingstillfällen några skillnader i personernas skattningar före respektive efter behandlingen? Metod: I denna kvantitativa studie undersöktes 21 kvinnor och 9 män före och efter EMDR behandling. Självskattningsformuläret Impact of Event Scale-Revised, IES-R användes, vilket mäter PTSD-kriterierna återupplevande, undvikande och överspändhet. Resultat och diskussion: Resultaten från studien visar statistiskt signifikant symtomminskning i återupplevande, undvikande och överspändhet. Ingen av patienterna gav indikation på PTSD efter EMDR-behandlingen. Före behandlingen var genomsnittet för IES-värdet 2,8. Efter behandlingen hade genomsnittet för IES-värdet sjunkit till 0,7. Det finns statistiskt signifikanta skillnader mellan IES-värdet när olika bakgrundsvariabler särskiljs: yngre (personer under 40 år) har ett signifikant lägre IES-värde för återupplevande än äldre efter behandling, personer som utsatts för rån har ett signifikant högre IES-värde för överspändhet än personer som utsatts för andra trauma före behandling och personer som utsatts för rån har ett signifikant högre IES-värde för undvikande än personer som utsatts för andra trauma efter behandling. Det genomsnittliga IES-värdet minskade med 2,1 för kvinnor och 2,0 för män. Kvinnor och män svarar således på behandlingen på likartat sätt men de könsbundna variationerna i denna undersökning är inte signifikanta. Personer som utsatts för tidigare trauma har före behandling ett genomsnittligt högre IES-värde, 2,9, än personer som inte utsatts för tidigare trauma, 2,6. Skillnaden i IES-värde är emellertid inte statistiskt signifikant och efter behandling är IES-värdet i stort sett detsamma för de två grupperna.

Theophostic Prayer Ministry (TPM) is an unparalleled method of inner healing which was developed in 1996 by Dr. Ed Smith of Campbellsville, Kentucky. The term Theophostic is formed by a combination of two Greek words, namely Theos (God) and phos (light). God's light refers to the central aspect of the ministry during which God gives his light to the counselee in order to expose the emotional wounds from the person's past and to heal it. TPM became known as a method which is exceptionally effective in treating trauma and experience-based problems. Several evaluators of TPM, however, raise questions concerning the doctrinal and philosophical soundness of the base of TPM's theory and practice. Exponents of the anti-psychology movement, like Martin and Deidre Bobgan, are exceedingly condemning in their critique of TPM, and particularly the fact that Smith probably had used insights, concepts and techniques from psychology. In researching the literature on the subject, it was found that the reformed pastoral ministry is relatively lacking in theoretical reflection on and practical implementation of the ministry of inner healing, TPM included. The first main purpose of the research was to scientifically determine whether the doctrinal and philosophical points of departure as well as practice of TPM were sound according to the reformative Scriptural standard. Should the research data indicate that TPM is acceptable in this respect, then the reformed pastoral practice have found at least one method of inner healing to make use of. Should the research data point to the contrary, then the necessary corrections can be done accordingly. The second main purpose of the research was to determine how the theory, practice and even context of TPM can possibly be served by the new light which the research may shed upon it. In the research methodology it is decided to firstly summarize the practical theory of TPM. This was followed on a meta-theoretical level by a qualitative empirical research on TPM, as well as a comparative study on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), an evenly highly successful psychotherapeutic treatment method for trauma and experience-based problems. In a third meta-theoretical chapter TPM and some of its critics are evaluated in accordance with the Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea. Following that, the data of the meta-theoretical chapters were compared in a hermeneutical way with the first practical theory of TPM and all its critique, as well as the reformative theological tradition. The final conclusions of the research indicate that TPM can be recommended to the reformed pastoral ministry as a reformative Scripturally sound method for inner healing and that the TPM theory, practice and context can be improved on several points as has been suggested in the study. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Theophostic Prayer Ministry (TPM) is an unparalleled method of inner healing which was developed in 1996 by Dr. Ed Smith of Campbellsville, Kentucky. The term Theophostic is formed by a combination of two Greek words, namely Theos (God) and phos (light). God's light refers to the central aspect of the ministry during which God gives his light to the counselee in order to expose the emotional wounds from the person's past and to heal it. TPM became known as a method which is exceptionally effective in treating trauma and experience-based problems. Several evaluators of TPM, however, raise questions concerning the doctrinal and philosophical soundness of the base of TPM's theory and practice. Exponents of the anti-psychology movement, like Martin and Deidre Bobgan, are exceedingly condemning in their critique of TPM, and particularly the fact that Smith probably had used insights, concepts and techniques from psychology. In researching the literature on the subject, it was found that the reformed pastoral ministry is relatively lacking in theoretical reflection on and practical implementation of the ministry of inner healing, TPM included. The first main purpose of the research was to scientifically determine whether the doctrinal and philosophical points of departure as well as practice of TPM were sound according to the reformative Scriptural standard. Should the research data indicate that TPM is acceptable in this respect, then the reformed pastoral practice have found at least one method of inner healing to make use of. Should the research data point to the contrary, then the necessary corrections can be done accordingly. The second main purpose of the research was to determine how the theory, practice and even context of TPM can possibly be served by the new light which the research may shed upon it. In the research methodology it is decided to firstly summarize the practical theory of TPM. This was followed on a meta-theoretical level by a qualitative empirical research on TPM, as well as a comparative study on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), an evenly highly successful psychotherapeutic treatment method for trauma and experience-based problems. In a third meta-theoretical chapter TPM and some of its critics are evaluated in accordance with the Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea. Following that, the data of the meta-theoretical chapters were compared in a hermeneutical way with the first practical theory of TPM and all its critique, as well as the reformative theological tradition. The final conclusions of the research indicate that TPM can be recommended to the reformed pastoral ministry as a reformative Scripturally sound method for inner healing and that the TPM theory, practice and context can be improved on several points as has been suggested in the study. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

No description available.

129I is a radioactive isotope (T1/2= 15.7 million years) produced through natural and anthropogenic pathways, but the anthropogenic production is presently dominating the Earth’s surface environments. Sparse data from previous investigations in the Baltic Sea clearly indicated the occurrence of 129I at levels 3-4 orders higher than natural pre-atomic era (before 1940) without comprehensive evaluation of distribution and inventory. In this thesis extensive data on the distribution and inventory of iodine isotopes, 129I and 127I, and their species in waters of the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak are presented and used for estimation of water masses exchange and impact on the environment.  To fulfill these objectives seawater samples were collected in August 2006 and April 2007 in the Baltic Proper, Kattegat and Skagerrak as well as in December 2009 in the Bothnian Sea. After elaborative chemical separation of total iodine and iodine species, the analysis was performed using ICP-MS for 127I and AMS for 129I. The results reveal considerable differences in 129I concentration in terms of spatial and temporal variability and expose relatively high concentrations in the deep waters. Inventory estimates show higher amounts of 129I in August 2006 (24.2 ±15.4 kg) than in April 2007 (14.4± 8.3 kg) within the southern and central Baltic Proper, whereas almost a constant inventory is found in the Kattegat Basin. Relatively high 127I-/127IO3- and 129I-/129IO3- values in water of the Baltic Proper suggest effective reduction of iodate at a maximum rate of  8×10-7 (127IO3-) and 6×10-14 (129IO3-) (g/m3.day). The combination of 129I and 127I as tracers of water circulation in the Baltic Sea suggest that upwelling deep basinal water occurs into the surface along the Gotland deep and intrusion of North Atlantic water into southern Baltic. Furthermore, 129I-based model inventory reveals inflow of 330 km3/y (230-450 km3/y) water from the Kattegat into the Baltic Proper. Water exchange between the Baltic Proper and the Bothnian Sea and vice versa is estimated at 980 km3/y (600-1400 km3/y) and 1180 km3/y (780-1600 km3/y) respectively. Finally, an environmental assessment of radioactivity associated with 129I burden in the Baltic Sea region is discussed.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:36:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cicera Soares Pereira.pdf: 1880149 bytes, checksum: 567b7a93fb26b45ecd44831c5d71f2c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-06 / The automotive industry uses infinity of different products and articles based on vulcanized rubber and, during the manufacturing, part of them are discarded due to the processing failures, causing damage to the environment. If these failures occur after the vulcanization of the rubber, there is no possibility of reprocessing the material. Due to the high cost of the raw materials, reusing the material from vulcanized pieces discarded can generate a reduction in the raw materials, as well as in the final cost of the formulation. Among the rubbers used to obtain these devices, the ethylene-propylene- diene monomer (EPDM) and nitrile rubber containing poly (vinyl chloride) (NBR-PVC) are included. This study aims to obtain and characterize EPDM rubber compound, vulcanized with sulfur containing different concentrations of waste ground vulcanized rubber (EPDM or mixed EPDM/NBR-PVC), observing possible changes in mechanical properties and in relation to chemical compounds without the addition of waste. Compounds were obtained containing 0wt%, 5wt% and 10wt%of ground vulcanized rubber waste. By checking the results, it was verified that the compounds containing different types of waste (EPDM or mixed EPDM/NBR-PVC), at concentrations 5wt% to 10wt% of waste, are more resistant to heat, oil immersion and coolant liquid (ethylene glycol), compared to the compound obtained without addition of waste rubber. The compounds without residue showed better surface finish compared to compounds containing waste. Comparing the surface finish of compounds containing the residue, it was observed that the surface finish obtained from the pressed samples was better than the finish obtained for the extruded samples. / A indústria automobilística utiliza uma infinidade de diferentes produtos e artefatos à base de borracha vulcanizada. Durante a fabricação, partes destes produtos são descartados em razão das falhas de processamento, gerando prejuízo ao meio ambiente. Se estas falhas ocorrem após a vulcanização da borracha, não há possibilidade do reprocessamento do material. Em razão do preço alto das matérias primas, o reaproveitamento de material proveniente das peças vulcanizadas descartadas pode gerar uma redução nos materiais utilizados e no custo final da formulação. Entre as borrachas utilizadas para a obtenção destes artefatos, destacam-se o terpolímero etileno propileno dieno (EPDM). Este estudo teve como objetivo obter e caracterizar compostos de borracha EPDM, vulcanizados com enxofre, contendo diferentes concentrações de resíduos de borrachas vulcanizadas moídas (EPDM ou misto EPDM/NBR-PVC), observando possíveis alterações nas propriedades mecânicas e químicas em relação aos compostos sem adição de resíduos. Foram obtidos compostos contendo 5% e 10% de resíduos de borrachas vulcanizadas moídas. Por meio dos resultados foi possível verificar que os compostos contendo diferentes tipos de resíduos (EPDM ou misto EPDM/NBR-PVC), nas concentrações de 5 % e 10% em massa de resíduos, são mais resistentes ao calor, à imersão em óleo e líquido refrigerante (etileno glicol) quando comparados com o composto obtido sem adição de resíduos de borracha. Os compostos sem resíduo apresentaram melhor acabamento superficial quando comparados com os compostos contendo resíduo. Comparando o acabamento superficial dos compostos contendo resíduos, observou-se que o acabamento superficial obtido para as amostras prensadas foi melhor do que o acabamento obtido para as amostras extrudadas.

No description available.

Yes / In recent times two or more desalination processes have been combined to form integrated systems that have been widely used to resolve the limitations of individual processes as well as producing high performance systems. In this regard, a simple integrated system of the Multi Effect Distillation (MED)/Thermal Vapour Compression (TVC) and Permeate Reprocessing Reverse Osmosis (PRRO) process was developed by the same authors and confirmed its validity after a comparison study against other developed configurations. However, this design has a considerable amount of retentate flowrate and low productivity. To resolve this issue, two novel designs of MED and double reverse osmosis (RO) processes including Permeate and Retentate Reprocessing designs (PRRP and RRRO) are developed and modelled in this paper. To systematically assess the consistency of the presented designs, the performance indicators of the novel designs are compared against previous simple designs of MED and PRRO processes at a specified set of operating conditions. Results show the superiority of the integrated MED and double permeate reprocessing design. This has specifically achieved both economic and environmental advantages where total productivity is increased by around 9% and total retentate flowrate (disposed to water bodies) is reduced by 5% with a marginally reduced energy consumption.