Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:40:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2966468 bytes, checksum: 55a0d05f58805c31796e8b6e80c3cc96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-22 / The Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) is an oil palm native from the neotropical regions and it is often found in open areas with high solar incidence. Despite being found in regions with sandy soils and a low hydric index, it develops better in locations where there are fertile soils. Acrocomia aculeata is considered a rustic plant and promissory in the extraction and production of combustible oil. The bunches are constituted by globular fruits, drupe type, composed by nearly 20 % epicarp (shell), 40 % mesocarp (pulp), 33 % endocarp (tegument) and 7 % seed (almond). The oil contents are slightly bigger in the pulp (60 %) than in the almond (55 %). The fructification of the Macaúba is supra annual (above 12 months), the fruits maturation is slow and visually undetectable. The epicarp is rigid and it changes its color approximately at 14 weeks after antese (WAA) turning development and fruit maturity really difficult to determine, what is possible to do in other fleshy fruits. Commercialization of plant products such as the fruits, it needs detailed information that allows to estimate the degree of organ development, tissues differentiation, reservoir accumulation and mainly the harvesting point, which will determine perishability and storing period of the product. Generally, all the fleshy fruits show a growing pattern similar. That growing pattern is described by a simple sigmoid behavior, double and sometimes, triples. The description of that growing pattern, influence directly in some agronomic practices such as, irrigation, application of growing regulators, phytosanitary control and critic period of harvesting. This study had as an objective characterize the growing pattern of the constituents parts of the fruit and the reservoir accumulation such as amides, total soluble sugars, (TSS), reducing sugars (RS), no reducing sugars (NRS) and mesocarp oil of the macaúba fruit. The experiment was carried on with adult plants of the native population from the Acaiaca municipality, in the southeast of Minas Gerais Brazil, cataloged as subtropical humid weather according to the climatic classification made by Koppen-Geiger: Cwa. One fruit per bunch was collected one week after the opening of the espata (SAAP) until the natural fall of the fruits at 62 WAA. The opening of the espata was determined based on a visual pattern of the antese of the masculine flower, with an interval between 12-24 hours after opening of the espata (HAAP). For the statistic analyses, the averages of the analyzed variables were used. The experimental design was randomized blocks and for every evaluation a regression equation was estimated. The water content of the fruits reached a maximum pick of 87 % at 8 SAA, posteriorly, it suffered a gradual fall with a minimum value of 23 % of water content at 58 SAA. The growing patterns of the epicarp, endocarp and of the almond were described by a simple sigmoid behavior (an accumulation of dry matter phase), and of the mesocarp by a double sigmoid behavior (two phases of dry matter accumulation). At 6 SAA was possible to separate physically the epicarp, endocarp and the mesocarp which, at this stage, was constituted by: 25 % amide, 10,5 % TSS, 9 % RS and 1,5 % NRS. The oil accumulation in the mesocarp had a linear behavior with 10% oil content at 34 SAA and reaching 55 % at 62 SAA. The oil accumulation in the mesocarp was directly related to an amide content fall. The epicarp and the endocarp reached the biggest dry matter accumulation at 13 SAA and 24 SAA, respectively. The Macaúba fruits obtained the transversal external diameter (TED) maximum (45 mm) at 13 SAA maintaining that constant value until the last evaluation. It was observed that the two first tissues developed were the epicarp and the endocarp, considered structures of protection of the fruit and the seed, respectively. After 13 SAA, began the maturing process of the fruit, which was separated in two phases, physical and chemical. / A Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) é uma é uma palmeira nativa das regiões neotropicais e comumente habita áreas abertas e com alta incidência solar. Apesar de ser encontrada em regiões com solos arenosos e baixo índice hídrico, desenvolve-se melhor em locais onde há solos férteis. Acrocomia aculeata e considerada uma planta rustica e promissora na extração e produção de óleo combustível. Os cachos estão constituídos de frutos globosos, do tipo drupa, constituídos por cerca de 20 % de epicarpo (casca), 40 % de mesocarpo (polpa), 33 % de endocarpo (tegumento) e 7 % de semente (amêndoa). Os teores de óleo são ligeiramente maiores na polpa (60 %), em relação à amêndoa (55 %). A frutificação da Macaúba é supra anual (acima de 12 meses), o amadurecimento dos frutos é lento e indetectável visualmente. O epicarpo é duro e muda de coloração aproximadamente às 14 semanas após antese (SAA) tornando difícil determinar o desenvolvimento e maturidade do fruto, o é possível em outros frutos carnosos. A comercialização de produtos vegetais como os frutos, precisa de informações detalhadas que permitam estimar o grão de desenvolvimento do órgão, diferenciação dos tecidos, acumulo de reservas e principalmente o ponto de colheita, o qual determinará a perecibilidade e período de armazenagem do produto. Em geral, todos os frutos carnosos apresentam um padrão de crescimento similar. Esse padrão de crescimento é descrito por um comportamento sigmoide simples, duplo e em alguns casos, triplo. A descrição desse padrão de crescimento, influência diretamente em algumas práticas agronómicas como, irrigação, aplicação de reguladores de crescimento, controle fitossanitário e período crítico de colheita. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o padrão de crescimento das partes constituintes do fruto e o acúmulo de reservas como amido, açúcares solúveis totais (AST), açúcares redutores (AR), açúcares não redutores (ANR) e óleo do mesocarpo de frutos de macaúba. O experimento foi realizado com plantas adultas de população nativa do município de Acaiaca, região Sudeste de Minas Gerais - Brasil, catalogado como clima subtropical úmido segundo a classificação climática de Koppen-Geiger: Cwa. Coletou-se um fruto por cacho uma semana após abertura da espata (SAAP) até a queda natural dos frutos às 62 SAA. Determinou-se a abertura da espata com base em um padrão visual da antese da flor masculina, intervalo compreendido entre 12-24h horas após abertura da espata (HAAP). Para as análises estatísticas foram usados os valores médios das variáveis analisadas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados e para cada avaliação foi estimada a equação de regressão. O teor de água dos frutos atingiu um pico máximo de 87 % às 8 SAA, posteriormente sofreu queda gradual com valor mínimo de 23 % de teor de água às 58 SAA. Os padrões de crescimento do epicarpo, do endocarpo e da amêndoa foram descritos por um comportamento sigmoide simples (uma fase de acúmulo de matéria seca), e do mesocarpo por um comportamento sigmoide duplo (duas fases de acúmulo de matéria seca). Às 6 SAA foi possível separar fisicamente o epicarpo, o endocarpo e o mesocarpo o qual, neste estádio, estava constituído por: 25 % de amido, 10,5 % de AST, 9% de AR e 1,5 % de ANR. O acumulo de óleo no mesocarpo teve um comportamento linear com 10 % de teor de óleo às 34 SAA e atingindo 55 % às 62 SAA. O acúmulo de óleo no mesocarpo esteve diretamente relacionado com a queda no teor de amido. O epicarpo e o endocarpo atingiram o maior acúmulo de massa seca às 13 SAA e 24 SAA, respectivamente. O fruto de macaúba alcançaram o diâmetro externo transversal (DET) máximo (45 mm) às 13 SAA mantendo esse valor constante até a última avalição. Observou-se que os primeiros dois tecidos desenvolvidos foram o epicarpo e o endocarpo, consideradas estruturas de proteção do fruto e da semente, respectivamente. Após 13 SAA, iniciou-se o processo de amadurecimento do fruto, o qual foi separado em duas fases, física e química.

With the global population expected to reach more than 10 billion by the year 2050, one of the global challenges will be in meeting the growing food demand. Coupled with the effects of climate change on the environment, the world will need plant varieties that can adapt to changing environmental conditions to meet the food production challenge. A viable option to aid food production is using genetic modification for more specific plant breeding and crop optimization. The usage of genetic modification has been highly debated since the course of its first developed commercialized crop. The consumer concerns, stringent regulations and rigorous testing genetically modified crops face, may be circumvented with the legally undefined development of new biotechnological advancements such as CRISPR. This study aims to investigate whether arguments used against GMOs from different stakeholders and antiGM NGOs in Sweden are applicable to the CRISPR technique. Through content analysis of policy documents of influential stakeholders and a literature review of the scientific literature, major concerns with GMOs are identified and their applicability to the CRISPR technique analyzed. This study finds that the most prevalent reservations against GMOs do not apply to the new biotechnology, although the applicability and in effect acceptance of CRISPR among Swedish stakeholders depends on its legal classification, which the European Commission has yet to determine. The findings in this study also indicate that the reservations against GMOs are based on misconceptions and that if CRISPR falls into the same legal category, it will be subject to the same obstacles in its implementation. The implications of its categorical classification may in addition affect a possible utilization of CRISPR among Swedish crop producers in taking part in the global food production challenge. This study concludes that while the prevalent reservations against GMOs do not apply to CRISPR, its acceptance may solely rely on its legal classification and as such there is a need for a closer look on the regulations around the various biotechnologies, as well as a need for better biotechnological communication between researchers, decision makers and consumers.

The emergence of Grid computing infrastructures enables researchers to share resources and collaborate in more efficient ways than before, despite belonging to different organizations and being distanced geographically. While the Grid computing paradigm offers new opportunities, it also gives rise to new difficulties. One such problem is the selection of resources for user applications. Given the large and disparate set of Grid resources, manual resource selection becomes impractical, even for experienced users. This thesis investigates methods, algorithms and software for a Grid resource broker, i.e., a scheduling agent that automates the resource selection process for the user. The development of such a component is a non-trivial task as Grid resources are heterogeneous in hardware, software, availability, ownership and usage policies. A wide range of algorithmically difficult issues must also be solved, including characterization of jobs, prediction of resource performance, data placement considerations, and, how to provide Quality of Service guarantees. One contribution of this thesis is the development of resource brokering algorithms that enable resource selection based on Grid job performance predictions and use advance reservations to provide Quality of Service guarantees. The thesis also includes an algorithm for coallocation of sets of jobs. This algorithm guarantees a simultaneous start of each subjob, as required e.g., when running larger-than-supercomputer simulations that involve multiple resources. We today have the somewhat paradoxal situation where Grids, originally aimed to overcome interoperability problems between different computing platforms, themselves struggle with interoperability problems caused by the wide range of interfaces, protocols and data formats that are used in different environments. The reasons for this situation are obvious, expected and almost impossible to avoid, as the task of defining appropriate standards, models and best-practices must be preceded by basic research, proof-of-concept implementations and real-world testing. We address the interoperability problem with a generic Grid resource brokering architecture and job submission service. By using (proposed) standard formats and protocols, the service acts as an interoperability-bridge that translates job requests between clients and resources running different Grid middlewares. This concept is demonstrated by the integration of the service with three different Grid middlewares. The service also enables users to both fine-tune the existing resource selection algorithms and plug in custom brokering algorithms tailored to their requirements.

During an era when the Seminoles were little regarded in Florida, despite mass Indian reform nationwide, Minnie Moore-Willson of Kissimmee and Ivy Stranahan of Fort Lauderdale attempted to bring reform to the state. Living amongst members of the tribe, both women used their familiarity with Seminole life and practices, as well as their political and social connections, to enact change for the tribe. This was done, respectively, through the creation of reservations and attempting to increase educational and vocational opportunities for tribe members. This thesis examines the lives and activism of Minnie Moore-Willson and Ivy Stranahan over the first two decades of the twentieth century and details their attempts to reform federal and state policies towards Seminoles in Florida. It illustrates the relationships of the women with each other, the Seminoles, and political power brokers in early twentieth century Florida, and attempts to determine their motivations. In doing so, the thesis argues that, though often ignored in the historiography of Seminoles in Florida, these women served as key figures in enacting Seminole-related reforms during the era. Examining Moore-Willson and Stranahan's lives and works affords a greater understanding of how non-Seminole women conceptualized and carried out Florida reform efforts and provides a new perspective for evaluating the early stages of Florida Seminole reform and comparable efforts in other areas of the United States.

The purpose of this study was to describe the role of the C.E.O. (Education Coordinator) in Band Controlled Schools on selected Indian reserves in Saskatchewan. A number of key functions and leadership components were identified from the literature and were formulated into a structural framework. In this framework, the C.E.O. position was explored and studied under three major components: role, autonomy, and contextual conditions. The aspects of role which were examined were the identifying of the C.E.O., role expectations, role tasks, and obstacles. The functions related to autonomy were identified as performance, overlaps, perceptions, and organizations. Job satisfaction, personal qualities and attributes, and politics were related to contextual conditions.<p> The population was five administrative teams working on Indian reserves in Northern Saskatchewan. These teams consisted of a Chief Executive Officer, the Principal, and, where applicable, the Administrative Assistant. The schools were selected because two have been Band operated for five years or more, whereas the other three were Band operated for less than two years when this study began.<p> A case study approach was used. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the C.E.O.s, Principals, and Administrative Assistants. An interview guide containing 18 questions designed for the Education Coordinator, and 18 questions designed specifically for Principals was used.<p> It was concluded that broad, general similarities existed from Band to Band. However, the role was influenced by the needs, wants, and thrusts of the individual Bands. The personality, background, and interests of the individual C.E.O. had an impact upon how the role was enacted. It was difficult to isolate and compartmentalize the job of the C.E.O. on an Indian reserve.<p> Although this study was limited in scope, a number of conclusions were reached and some implications were discussed. The C.E.O. position is a relatively new one and is in many ways unique. It would be of benefit for administrators to learn more about this position since nearly every on-reserve school in Saskatchewan is controlled by the Band. The C.E.O. position will grow and develop and have a great impact upon the future of Indian Education.

The purpose of this study was to describe the role of the C.E.O. (Education Coordinator) in Band Controlled Schools on selected Indian reserves in Saskatchewan. A number of key functions and leadership components were identified from the literature and were formulated into a structural framework. In this framework, the C.E.O. position was explored and studied under three major components: role, autonomy, and contextual conditions. The aspects of role which were examined were the identifying of the C.E.O., role expectations, role tasks, and obstacles. The functions related to autonomy were identified as performance, overlaps, perceptions, and organizations. Job satisfaction, personal qualities and attributes, and politics were related to contextual conditions.<p> The population was five administrative teams working on Indian reserves in Northern Saskatchewan. These teams consisted of a Chief Executive Officer, the Principal, and, where applicable, the Administrative Assistant. The schools were selected because two have been Band operated for five years or more, whereas the other three were Band operated for less than two years when this study began.<p> A case study approach was used. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the C.E.O.s, Principals, and Administrative Assistants. An interview guide containing 18 questions designed for the Education Coordinator, and 18 questions designed specifically for Principals was used.<p> It was concluded that broad, general similarities existed from Band to Band. However, the role was influenced by the needs, wants, and thrusts of the individual Bands. The personality, background, and interests of the individual C.E.O. had an impact upon how the role was enacted. It was difficult to isolate and compartmentalize the job of the C.E.O. on an Indian reserve.<p> Although this study was limited in scope, a number of conclusions were reached and some implications were discussed. The C.E.O. position is a relatively new one and is in many ways unique. It would be of benefit for administrators to learn more about this position since nearly every on-reserve school in Saskatchewan is controlled by the Band. The C.E.O. position will grow and develop and have a great impact upon the future of Indian Education.

Indian people in every agency in British Columbia suffered an injustice when the McKenna-McBride joint commission of the federal and provincial governments adjusted Indian reserve lands between 1913 and 1916. The report of this Royal Commission was amended before it was adopted by both governments in 1924, but the amendments only served to compound the inequity. This history of reserve land cut-offs in British Columbia considers the individual development of federal and provincial Indian land policies, the negotiations to homogenize them after union in 1871, and the efforts of Indians to resist reserve cut-offs. The primary sources, many of them generated by the reserve adjustment process of the Royal Commission, have allowed me to calculate the relative values of lands cut off or added by the commission, to discern the practical effects of the 1924 amendments, and to identify the principal consultants of the commission. These results, considered together with secondary sources which treat various aspects of reserve land cut-offs, indicate that the injustice was done at the insistence of the British Columbia government. Nevertheless, the federal government must share in the blame. It betrayed its role of protector of the Indians for the sake of creating a uniform Indian policy, no matter how unjust. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

The topic of this master thesis is the design and development of the seat ticket reservation web application. Developed application should be useful for organizers of various cultural and sport events and should help them to manage ticket reservations agenda. Application should be useful for visitors of these events too. Visitors will be able to easily choose the preferred seats and complete the reservation within the application. The evaluation of existing tools designated for seat reservations management is the important part of this master thesis. According to the previous evaluation, the author's own experience and consultations with several organizers of public events, functionality requirements of the web application are specified. The acting roles are also defined and the most important use cases are stated for them. Web application of the seat reservation system is programmed using the latest web technologies such as PHP, Javascript, CSS3 and is based on the Nette PHP framework. The resulting web application is publicly accessible at http://demo.e mistenka.cz.

During this project NoSQL technologies for Hotel IT have been evaluated. It has been determined that among NoSQL technologies, document database fits the best this use-case. Couchbase and MongoDB, the two main documents stores have been evaluated, their similarities and differences have been highlighted. This reveals that document-oriented features were more developed in MongoDB than Couchbase, this has a direct impact on search of reservations functionality. However Couchbase offers a better way to replicate data across two remote data centers. As one of the goals was to provide a powerful search functionality, it has been decided to use MongoDB as a database for this project. A proof of concept has been developed, it enables to search reservations by property code, guest name, check-in date and check-out date using a REST/JSON interface and confirms that MongoDB could work for storing hotel reservations in terms of functionality. Then different experiments have been conducted on this system such as throughput and response time using specific hotel reservation search query and data set. The results we got reached our targets. We also performed a scalability test, using MongoDB sharding functionalities to distribute data across several machines (shards) using different strategies (shard keys) so as to provide configuration recommendations. Our main finding was that it was not necessary to always distribute the database. Then if "sharding" is needed, distributing the data according to the property code will make the database go faster, because queries will be sent directly to the good machine(s) in the cluster and thus avoid "scatter-gather" query. Finally some search optimizations have been proposed, and in particular how an advanced search by names could be implemented with MongoDB. / <p>This thesis is submitted in the framework of a double degree between Compiègne University Of Technology (UTC) and Linköping University (LiU)</p>

This thesis is primarily concerned with the distribution of quotas in higher education and public employment within identified beneficiary groups. In a system of quotas based on preferential treatment of groups, the question about which members of the group must benefit over others is a crucial one. One of the main themes in the thesis is to critically analyse the judicial understanding about the nature of these groups. The homogeneity (in backwardness) that is attached to beneficiary groups in differing degrees is challenged in the thesis using the examples of Scheduled Castes and Muslims within the Other Backward Classes category. The differences within beneficiary groups have great significance for the fairness of India’s reservation policies. By ignoring internal differences, the most marginalised groups are left behind in terms of accessing the benefits of reservations. I have argued that any attempt to address the issue of sub-classification must begin by recognising multiple axis of marginalisation within the framework of intersectionality. This lack of sufficient engagement with the issue of sub-classification highlights the failure of the Supreme Court of India to develop a normative framework within which reservations might be viewed. This lack of normative clarity informs spheres of reservations like higher education and public employment along with according homogenous treatment to beneficiary groups internally. The Supreme Court has viewed reservations in higher education and public employment as essentially performing the same function. I have argued that reservations in these spheres perform different functions and the resulting obligations on the state in terms of constitutional justifications must also differ. While the demands for sub-classification present an opportunity to make distribution of reservations fairer, it also exposes the limitation of reservations as a tool of social transformation.