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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 244-262). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Texas Woman's University, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Texas Woman's University, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 244-262). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gustavo Sousa Pavani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, 2017. / Algoritmos baseados em Otimização por Colonia de Formigas (Ant Colony Optimization { ACO) vem sendo usados com bastante sucesso no metaescalonamento distribuído e integrado dos recursos de computação e de comunicação em ambientes de grade computacional baseadas em redes opticas (lambda grid ). Nesse ambiente sao utilizados infraestruturas de comunicações compostas por enlaces de fibras opticas e nós opticos, que são elementos sujeitos aos mais variados tipos de falhas. Com efeito, problemas decorrentes dos equipamentos ou meios de transmissão podem interromper o trafego de informações e, consequentemente, causam a indisponibilidade de recursos na grade. A arquitetura proposta em [1] é capaz de gerenciar dinamicamente e de forma conjunta os recursos de rede e processamento no ambiente de lambda grid, além de prover agendamento e reserva futura desses recursos. Neste trabalho, considerar-se-à tambem a capacidade de sobrevivencia da grade sob condições adversas de falhas. Para tanto, a grade computacional deve prover mecanismos de restauração de forma a se recuperar em caso de falhas de enlace ou nó. Simulações foram realizadas com os diversos algoritmos de metaescalonamento propostos originalmente em [1], demonstrando o respectivo desempenho em termos de capacidade de restauração e de atraso de execução das tarefas restauradas. / Algorithms based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) have been successfully used in distributed and integrated meta-scheduling of computing and networking resources in lambda grids. The lambda grid environment is composed by optical fiber links and optical nodes, which are susceptible to diferent types of failure. In eect, problems due to equipment or transmission outages may interrupt the information trac and, consequently, cause unavailability of grid resources. The architecture proposed in [1] is capable of the dynamic, joint management of networking and processing resources at the lambda grid. It can also provide scheduling and advance reservation of those resources. In this work, we also consider the survivability capacity of the lambda grid when a failure occurs. Therefore, the lambda grid has to provide a restoration mechanism in order to recover from link and node failures. Simulations carried with the meta-scheduling algorithms originally proposed in [1] demonstrate their performance in terms of restorability and delay in scheduling the restored tasks.

Orientadores: Gilberto de Martino Jannuzzi, Luiz Carlos Pereira da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T17:50:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MoyaChaves_FranciscoDavid_D.pdf: 2595862 bytes, checksum: b7384c05596f9dc99d6f2e42bbbe231c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Com a finalidade de constituir os princípios para um futuro marco regulatório no Brasil, que contemple a participação da geração distribuída para o fornecimento de serviços ancilares, este trabalho apresenta uma análise desenvolvida em três grandes áreas assim: técnica, econômica e regulatória. Como objetivo específico do projeto, realiza-se uma analise da utilização da GD para o fornecimento de reservas de potência ativa e suporte de reativos. Para atingir os objetivos dessa pesquisa, o trabalho e realizado em três seções complementares. A primeira parte á uma análise técnica, feita mediante a simulação de sistemas elétricos em regime permanente utilizando a analise de fluxos de carga. Apresentam-se algumas das vantagens e limitações técnicas no uso da GD no fornecimento de potencia ativa e reativa. Apresenta-se também, o estudo sobre o fornecimento de reservas operativas com GD, propondo-se uma metodologia para estabelecer o nível máximo de GD que pode ser instalado sem causar impactos negativos sobre a rede. Apresenta-se o desempenho da GD e seus impactos em situações de entrega de reservas operativas, simulando casos diante de possíveis desligamentos de geradores centralizados. Listam-se diversas tecnologias que podem ser utilizadas em aplicações de GD fornecendo serviços ancilares. A segunda seção é uma análise econômica, na qual, e apresentado o despacho adequado de geradores centralizados e descentralizados, realizada mediante a simulação de cenários de sistemas elétricos com fluxos de carga ótimos. Também e feita uma quantificação da contribuição da GD no fornecimento de suporte de reativos. A análise regulatória lista os aspectos a serem considerados num marco regulatório que permita o fornecimento de serviços ancilares através da GD para o futuro mercado de eletricidade no Brasil. Este trabalho, conseqüentemente, conceitua a GD; especifica suas aplicações; evidencia as suas vantagens; lista os segmentos potencialmente geradores e os principais agentes operantes da GD; aponta as tecnologias ora disponíveis e aquelas em processo de desenvolvimento; mostra, generalizadamente, os aspectos legais e institucionais vigentes que influenciam a GD; detalha as principais barreiras a sua inserção como uma alternativa complementar, no fornecimento de servicos ancilares tão necessários nos sistemas elétricos / Abstract: In order to set the principles for a future regulatory framework in Brazil which involves the participation of distributed generation (DG) to provide ancillary services; this work presents an analysis developed in three broad areas, technical, economic and regulatory. A specific objective of the project is to make an analysis of the use of the DG for the supply of active power reserves and reactive support. To achieve the objectives of this research it is necessary to develop three additional sections. The first part is a technical analysis done through the simulation of electrical systems on a permanent regime that uses the analysis of power flows. There are some advantages and technical limitations in the use of DG for the supply of active and reactive power. This part also presents the study on the provision of operating reserves with DG, and proposes a methodology to establish the level of DG, which can be installed without causing negative impacts on the network. In addition to this, this section shows the performance of DG and its impact in case of delivery of operating reserves, simulating some cases before possible disconnections of centralized generators. Finally, it lists different technologies that can be used in applications of DG provided with ancillary services. The second section is an economic analysis which is presented in the appropriate order that centralized and decentralized generators are made by the simulation of scenarios in electrical systems with optimal power flows. It is a quantification of the contribution of DG in the provision of reactive support. The analysis lists the regulatory aspects to be considered in a regulatory framework that enables the provision of ancillary services through the DG for the future market of electricity in Brazil. This work, therefore, conceptualizes a DG; specifies its applications highlighting their advantages, listing segments and potentially generating the key players involved in DG; outlines the technologies now available and those in the development process; shows generally, the legal and institutional force affecting DG; details the key barriers to their inclusion as an additional alternative in the provision of ancillary services as needed in the electrical systems / Doutorado / Engenharia Mecanica / Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

The purpose of this research is to contribute to the identification of appropriate forest tenure and governance designs that are in congruence with Aboriginal values, interests and rights. The research is highly relevant to current societal deliberations on sustainable forest management as well as to the future of the forest sector in Canada. First Nations culture and ways of life are intimately and inextricably tied to the land. Some eighty percent of Canada’s First Nations communities are situated in productive forest regions (NAFA 2003). Even so, First Nations have been largely excluded from forest development and planning activities. Furthermore, the provincial policy emphasis on industrial timber production may not be consistent with Aboriginal forest values. This community-based research takes a participatory approach to forest policy analysis. The work is conducted in partnership with the Stellat’en First Nation and Carrier Sekani Tribal Council in central British Columbia. Stellat’en criteria for forest tenure and governance are identified in a series of workshops and interviews. These criteria are then applied in the analysis of four alternative models: the Community Ecosystem Trust, the Gitanyow joint land use planning model, BC Community Forest Agreements and Aboriginal reservations in the United States. The results indicated that Stellat’en have three main goals regarding forest tenure and governance: protect the traditional territory for future generations, protect Stellat’en culture and support Stellat’en economic self-determination. Implementation of the Stellat’en vision calls for a greater emphasis on ecological and cultural values in forest management, devolution of decision making authority to First Nations, reallocation of harvesting rights and redistribution of wealth generated by forest activities. The Stellat’en perspective emphasizes co-existence and stewardship. Evaluation of the four alternative models provided useful insights for progressive tenure and governance design. All four models had positive aspects to contribute, as well as shortcomings. The models are not mutually exclusive. Since each model addresses different management and institutional functions, they could be combined into a new system for the future. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

公共設施保留地容積移轉在於藉由市場交易機制，使公共設施保留地地主在等待政府徵收之前，得透過容積出售給開發業者獲致價金補償之機會，並免除政府直接辦理徵收之財政壓力。容積移轉制度基本精神是以市場效率解決土地分區使用之公平問題，然現行制度下，不同地區之公共設施保留地移出容積可得價金懸殊缺乏公平性，且容積交易集中於特定地區，造成當地生活環境品質之惡化。故本研究在制度建立之政策層面，尋求達到「受損補償，受益付費」公平原則，使容積購買者付出合理的價金購買公共設施保留地地主持有容積並透過制度設計控管容積移轉對生活環境品質衝擊之問題。在容積交易市場層面，則透過市場機制設計，塑造有助於市場形成與價格維繫之環境及降低容積買賣雙方之交易成本，以促進市場交易之效率並實現前述對地主之公平為目標。 本研究首先從市場供需之角度，分析容積供需失衡，對公共設施保留地容積移轉市場中容積價格之影響，並檢視影響TDR方案成功之市場運作因素與供需條件。其次，就買賣雙方交易盈餘分配進行探討，運用賽局理論中那許均衡之概念，分析討價還價之均衡解，以闡明信息不對稱下，如何解決地主在容積交易中議價資訊不足之問題，提高容積移轉價格，增進該制度在保障公共設施保留地地主財產權之貢獻。第三，引用中間層理論探討TDR銀行在解決交易成本問題之優勢，並闡明非營利性質因減少中介費用支出，增加交易雙方之交易剩餘，較能使TDR方案成功。第四，藉由前述理論之探討，本研究研擬改善現行公共設施保留地容積移轉的市場機制之相關議題，透過學者專家問卷及權利關係人的問卷調查之設計，汲取市場機制改善之建議。 本研究認為我國容積移轉市場存在容積總量超出環境容受力、市場所能提供之交易資訊不足、容積價格落差過大、中介者所提供的服務仍待加強及交易成本偏高等問題，需透過政府介入加以解決。因此，提出以容積銀行為容積移轉政策執行核心之市場交易機制，由各直轄市、縣市政府成立一個非營利性質的容積銀行，作為容積移轉交易平台，並成立專款專用之容積銀行運作基金，作為政策性購買容積取得所需公共設施保留地之用，賦予容積銀行資訊提供、中介媒合、價格引導、確保交易等功能，降低容積移轉交易成本，創造有利之交易環境，確保公共設施保留地地主，能以合理價格出售變現、政府財政可以負荷及都市居住環境品質得到掌控與維護的政策目標。根據研究結果提出建立公共設施保留容積移轉政策之決策與實踐機制及以容積銀行交易平台為主之交易市場機制等制度建議，作為政府未來改善公共設施容積移轉制度之參考。 / The transferable development rights (TDR) of land reservations for public facilities are a unique transferring method of development rights in Taiwan. This system allows the owners of land reservations for public facilities to sell the land, through market transaction mechanism and before the acquisition by the government, to developers through TDR in order to earn land transferring compensation. This system can also reduce the financial burden on the government on land acquisition. However, TDR has been questioned for deteriorating the urban living environment due to overdevelopment, and the transaction mechanism may reduce the market function and efficiency due to high transaction costs. Therefore, this study aims to design a market mechanism that can control the impact of TDR on the living environment, create an environment that is conducive to market formulation and price maintenance, and reduce the transaction costs of sellers and buyers, in order to facilitate the efficiency of market transaction and realize the fairness on the land owners. This paper first analyzes the imbalance between the TDR supply and demand from the market supply and demand perspective, and examines the effect of TDR of land reservations for public facilities on volume price in the market, as well as the market operational factors and supply/demand conditions that affect the success of TDR plans. Then, it discusses the surplus distribution of buyers and sellers, and applies the concept of Nash Equilibrium in the Game Theory to analyze the equilibrium solution of price bargaining. It aims to expound on how land owners could raise the TDR price under insufficient information due to information asymmetry during the bargaining process, and enhance the contribution of this system on the proprietorship of the land owners on land reservations for public facilities. Third, this paper applies the intermediation theory to discuss the advantages of TDR banks in solving the problem of transaction costs, and explains the reason that non-profit characteristics are more likely to guarantee the success of TDR plans. Fourth, based on the above discussions, this paper aims to improve the market mechanism of the TDR of land reservations for public facilities, and conduct questionnaire survey on experts and interest parties in order to collect opinions on the improvement schemes. Lastly, this paper proposes the market mechanism of using TDR bank as the policy executor of TDR, and establishing a non-profit TDR bank in each city/county by the local government as a transaction platform for TDR transaction. TDR bank operational fund should be established for exclusive use on the policy-oriented purchase of TDR of land reservations for public facilities. Thus, the TDR bank has the functions of providing information, mediating, price guiding, and transaction guaranteeing, in order to reduce the TDR transaction costs, create a favorable transaction environment, ensure the land owners of land reservations for public facilities to sell their lands at reasonable prices, reduce the financial burden of the government, and maintain a fair urban living environment. Suggestions are provided based on the research findings as a reference to the government on improving the TDR system of land reservations for public facilities.