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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

拍賣制度、市場機制與法拍屋價格之分析

陳憶茹 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,台灣不動產拍賣市場成長快速且逐漸受到重視;不動產拍賣市場中除了傳統法拍屋外,更新增了銀拍屋與金拍屋,但其中仍以法拍屋市場占整體不動產拍賣市場比重最高。國外不動產拍賣市場行之有年,其不動產拍賣相關制度均較為健全,故可從相關文獻中發現,國外不動產拍賣市場常有溢價出售情況,但由於國內、國外拍賣制度差異甚大,其差異包括拍賣方式、資訊取得、市場風險、產品等,在拍賣制度差異甚大情況下,台灣法拍屋價格與國外拍賣實證結果是否有所不同?經由本研究利用實證模型進行測試,發現台灣法拍屋為折價出售,與國外溢價實證結果不同,本研究經由制度面差異探討分析後,認為拍賣制度差異應為國內、國外不動產拍賣價格實證結果相異之主因。 此外,法拍屋市場交易目的相對於搜尋市場特殊,拍賣產品為不良資產,加上資訊揭露不充分且市場風險高,因此形成台灣法拍屋之特殊市場機制。一般人對於法拍屋價格看法更是人云亦云,法拍屋市場與搜尋市場價差多少?法拍屋是否為良好投資標的,近年來成為大眾關注之焦點,而法拍屋效率不彰,也引起關切。本研究利用實證模型發現,法拍屋價格平均較搜尋市場低17.20%,造成價差主因乃市場機制差異;此外,本研究利用市場變數,延伸出點交與否、空屋與否、市場競爭程度等變數,進一步分析影響價差因素,實證結果發現,競爭程度不足實為法拍屋折價之主要因素,當競標人數僅為1人時,法拍屋價格較搜尋市場折價15.99%,隨著競標人數增加,折價幅度將減少,並且接近搜尋市場價格。 / Recently, Taiwan real estate auction market is rising and flourishing. Whether the prices at real estate auctions market are higher or lower than those at search market has to be concerned. According to our empirical results, we found that the average price at housing auctions is lower 17.20% than that at search market. The empirical results is different from the foreign empirical results. Besides, We explore that the discount reason for the price discount results from different market mechanisms such as buyer’s exposure to market risk and numbers of participants. Besides, the more the number of participants, the lower the price discount between auction market and search market. The price discount is 15.99% if only one bidder involve. This implies that full information disclosure and flexible pricing can increase the competitive degree and improve transaction efficiency for auction market.
2

中國醫療體制改革之研究 / A Study on Medical Institution Reform of China

蔡文佩 Unknown Date (has links)
中國醫療體制改革始自1980年代,由於正值計畫經濟向市場經濟轉型之際,醫療領域引進市場機制,而政府財政投入逐漸退出。但是醫療領域存在資訊不對稱等外部性,市場化的結果導致藥費飆漲、醫療質量低下、醫療保障不足等患者「看病難、看病貴」現象。 為解決上述問題,政府遂制訂一連串干預手段,卻由於法規不健全、配套措施不夠完善,導致政府失靈。2003年SARS事件爆發後,中國官方首度承認醫改失敗,也開啟醫改領域中「政府主導」或「市場主導」兩派之爭,至今尚未定論。2009年,中國國務院進一步推出「新醫改方案」,雖只是綱領性文件,卻因主導未來醫改而備受注目。 本研究基於以上醫改背景分五部分探討中國醫療體制改革。第一部份,藉由釐清醫療市場不同於一般商品市場的特殊性,說明其市場失靈與政府失靈之因;其次,從基層醫療衛生體系、醫療保障體制、藥品流通機制與公立醫院等層面,探討在不同階段的中國醫改歷程中,所遇到的難題與相應政策;第三,接續前一部份的醫改分層討論,剖析中國醫療體制現況與新醫改方案公布後的醫改發展, 第四,分陳市場與政府在醫改領域中的角力;最後,提出政策建議。 關鍵詞:新醫改方案、醫療改革、政府主導、市場機制
3

董事會結構、市場機制與企業價值之關聯性 -台灣市場之實證 / The Relationship of Board Structure, Market Mechanisms and Corporate Value - Taiwan Evidence

詹捷宇 Unknown Date (has links)
良好的公司治理不只強調於公司與股東之間之良好關係,更希望以此帶給社會環境正向影響。本研究研究公司治理對企業價值之影響。研究貢獻在於整合公司內部治理機制(董事會結構)與外部市場機制,探討其與公司價值直接與間接之關聯性。本研究以2008年至2012年之台灣上市公司為樣本,以企業價值為應變數,董事會結構(董事會規模、CEO雙元性與外部董事席次比率)及市場機制(資訊揭露透明度、分析師預測頻率、機構投資人持股率)為主要解釋變數,除探討解釋變數與企業價值之直接影響力外,也透過交乘項了解市場機制是否對公司治理與企業價值有間接影響效果。在控制企業風險、成長、獲利與規模大小因素後,利用追蹤資料迴歸模型進行分析。 本研究之結論為以下三部分:(一)董事會成員背景更多元、吸納更多外部專業人士之組合,可強化其監督機制,提升公司價值。(二) 市場可藉由分析師對公司之關注度與預測頻率,有效監督公司經營團隊,提升公司價值。(三) 董事會外部董事席次比率與分析師預測頻率存在互補效果,在資訊不對稱下能夠透過資訊互補達到有效監督,進而提升公司價值。 台灣企業多為家族企業或是強人治理公司之公司形態,為了強化個人或是家族之控制權,往往以內部董事為多數,雖能夠提升決策效率,卻易囿於內部個人成見與利益。透過本研究對台灣市場之實證,希望能提供企業董事會與外部主管機關在決策上之建議,並強化市場機制對於公司治理之監督之概念。 / The main purpose of this study is to examine the influences of governance mechanisms on corporate value. What’s more, this research measures governance mechanisms via integrated sources based on direct and indirect mechanism to learn further more about the effect can improve corporate monitoring mechanism, and then further enhance corporate performance. Based on the samples of Taiwan listed firms for the period from 2008 to 2012, this study employs panel regression model with Corporate value (Tobin’s Q) as the dependent variable against various combinations of internal governance mechanisms variables (Board size, CEO duality, Outside Director)and external market mechanisms variables( Information Disclosure and Transparency, Frequency of Analyst Forecasts, Institutional Investors’ Ownership). The conclusion of this study is the following three parts: (1) when the board have more diverse background, it can attract more external professionals and strengthen its monitoring mechanism to enhance company value. (2) The market can supervise the management team effectively and enhance the company's value by the frequency of analyst forecast (3) Outside directors and the frequency of analysts forecast are complementary, which can enhance the transparency of information, which prompted the company has more neutral and objective supervision team to help the board lead the management team to create long-term value for the company. Companies in Taiwan are mostly family control or centralized. However, it could be easily restricted by the personal prejudices and interests. Through this research about the experience of Taiwan market, hoping provide the advices on corporate boards and external authorities to reinforce the market mechanisms for oversight of corporate governance.
4

從政治控制到市場機制:台灣報業發行之變遷 / From political control to market mechanism-the change of newspaper circulation system in Taiwan

陶芳芳, Tao, Fang-Fang Unknown Date (has links)
在報禁開放後,由報業市場中不斷推陳出新的發行競爭以及目前三報鼎立 的發行態勢,本研究意欲探究報禁開放前後台灣報業發行作法的差異, 並以政治控制以及市場影響力的兩個方向,來思考形成台灣報業發行變化 的原因。在現存的傳播研究中,對於報業發行的文獻極為有限,而本研究 是第一份以報業立場分析台灣報業發行變遷的研究,一方面以報業整體的 發行狀況作為分析的起點,也以報業的觀點來分析台灣報業的發行競爭。 本文採取質化研究法中的個案研究法以及非結構性訪談法,藉著與台灣 北中南三地涉及報業發行業務的人士進行五十次以上的訪談,蒐集報禁 開放前後報業發行狀況的資料。研究結果發現,過去在報禁時期,台灣 吻合了發展中國家所普遍出現的媒介環境,為報禁政策提出合理化的 背書,而隨著經濟的發展,報禁政策對於報業發行發展的限制與控制則 愈來愈明顯,而在報禁開放後的自由市場競爭之中,強者愈強弱者愈弱的 報業發行特性,重塑台灣報業的發展趨勢。 / After the lifting of martial law in Taiwan
5

中國大陸勞動力市場變遷與農村勞動力移轉 / China s labor market change and agricultural redundant-labor transfer

曾達信, Tzeng, Dar shin Unknown Date (has links)
在1978年以前中國大陸在中央計劃指令經濟下加上實施一套管制嚴格的戶籍管理、勞動就業與糧食住宅配給等制度使得勞動力自由流動受限使得雙元性發展階段之農村剩餘勞動力無法有效率的移轉1979年以後經濟改革引進引進市場機制放寬遷徒管制使得勞動力市場逐漸發展。經由證明:在1979年後經濟改革引進市場機制勞動力市場逐漸恢復後其勞動資源分派之效率的確提高。
6

住宅市場之價格搜尋行為-定錨效果、仲介服務與市場機制選擇之影響 / Housing Price Search Bebavior: The Effects of Anchoring, Brokerage Service, and Market Mechanism Choice

廖仲仁, Liao,Chung-Jen Unknown Date (has links)
住宅市場是典型的不完全訊息市場,每個市場參與者並不知道潛在交易對象的所在位置、偏好,與保留價格。不完全訊息意涵著,交易者必須透過搜尋才能找到交易對象,因而必須支付搜尋成本,也會形成搜尋市場。不論是住宅交易的買方或者賣方,都可以選擇是自行搜尋交易對象,或者透過仲介業者來協助交易的達成。然而,仲介業者對於住宅搜尋市場之影響,目前仍存在著許多問題是尚待釐清的,而拍賣市場在台灣所扮演的重要性愈來愈高,其市場機制的價格效果也是值得關注的問題: 一、跨區購屋、定錨行為與仲介服務效果 買賣房屋幾乎必然會有議價過程,雙方的議價能力除了受到市場條件的影響外,賣方對於本身所蓋或者所擁有的房屋及附近地區市場等資訊都較買方為多,因此賣方處於較有利的地位。因此,本研究的第一個研究問題即是:就購屋者彼此之間,在地購屋者是否比跨區購屋者具有訊息優勢?參考價格偏誤是否存在?具有訊息優勢的仲介服務能否改善購屋者的搜尋成本與參考價格偏誤?本研究實證結果顯示,基於搜尋成本較高的原因,跨鄉鎮市區的跨區購屋者相對於未跨區者需要多支付3.8%的價格貼水。其次,參考價格愈高的地區,其購屋者會因為定錨效果或參考點偏誤而多支付1%的價格貼水,此外,高價格分配信念的購屋者,平均會支付4.9%的價格貼水。第三,地價上漲率較高地區的購屋者,會誤用自身地區的外推性預期,以為遷入地區也有同等的價格增值空間,而多支付約11.4%的價格貼水。最後,購屋者若尋求仲介服務亦能改善其出價能力,約可降低2.9%的價格貼水,然而,仲介服務在改善搜尋成本與定錨的效果方面則不顯著。 二、仲介服務對於價格分散之影響 本研究利用搜尋成本與價格分散的觀點,檢視具有訊息優勢的仲介服務業者是否真能提高住宅市場的價格搜尋效率。以台北地區的住宅市場資料,指出仲介服務的存在的確可以提高購屋者的搜尋能力。價格分散的估計與檢定結果則顯示:第一,購屋者成交價價格分散小於訂價價格分散;第二,透過仲介服務搜尋者訂價價格分散未顯著異於自行搜尋者的訂價價格分散,可是透過仲介服務搜尋者的成交價價格分散則顯著小於自行搜尋者的成交價價格分散,同時透過仲介服務的價格收斂比率較高。此乃表示,仲介服務業者並未運用其訊息優勢協助賣方進行較有效率的訂價,但是能有效地協助買賣雙方透過配對與議價活動,大幅地降低成交價的價格分散程度。此外,進一步比較國內相關研究結果,目前台北市的住宅市場訊息效率已較過去有顯著的改善,特別是透過仲介服務的改善效果更為明顯。 三、不對稱的仲介服務價格效果 過去有關仲介服務對於交易價格影響的實證結果卻出現許多分歧而不一致的現象,本研究認為過去相關文獻的差異,可能源自以普通最小平方迴歸的方式來估計仲介服務的價格效果時,會忽略住宅價格條件分配的差異。以分量迴歸估計後發現,仲介服務係數在各價格分量呈現很大的差異且顯著,仲介服務的價格效果,在0.10分量約有4.4%的溢價,而 0.75分量以上則約有-5.6%的折價現象。因此,本研究嘗試以高低價格分量的不對稱訂價策略,作為仲介服務價格效果不一致的現象的檢視觀點,並得到實證上的支持。 四、搜尋與拍賣市場機制選擇及拍賣市場績效之再檢視 拍賣市場為購屋者的重要次級市場之一,因此拍賣市場的績效就顯得愈來愈重要。本研究考慮了購屋者的搜尋成本對於市場機制自我選擇偏誤的影響,重新檢視拍賣市場的績效。本研究實證結果顯示,在未考慮自我選擇偏誤下,拍賣市場機制的估計係數為-22.6%,且達1%統計顯著水準。但是,在控制買方與物件的自我選擇偏誤後,我國拍賣市場與搜尋市場間並無顯著的價格差異存在,因而本研究對於過去國內相關文獻認為拍賣市場一定比搜尋市場折價較多的說法,提出了相當的質疑。惟此三年間我國北部地區拍賣市場的拍定率從10%快速成長到30%,而市場條件的快速變化,很可能會造成較大的拍賣價格變異。因此在後續研究上,可以比較拍定率差異較大的時間進行比較研究,以了解本研究結果之穩定度。 / This dissertation employs search theory and behavior theory to study four relative essays. The first essay is to test three questions using a unique data base in the viewpoint of search cost and Anchoring behavior: First, is there anchoring effect or reference price bias on home-purchasing behavior? Second, is there any extrapolative expectation effect of reference price change on homebuyers? Third, can homebuyers reduce price premium from their high search cost or perceived bias? Those answers can help us understand if we can get alternative interpretation to housing price dispersion and if government should provide housing information service. Empirically, we find that out-of-town/district buyers pay a statistically significant price premium in the Taipei area. We also find some evidence consistent with the price premium being driven by high search costs, anchoring effect and extrapolative expectation from heuristics. Finally, homebuyers can lower price premium through real estate brokers in the market. The second essay is to examine the efficiency of housing and brokerage markets in view of price dispersion. We find brokerage service enhance the search ability of homebuyers. We use listing price prices as the prices before search and the actual transaction prices as the price after search, and we also separate the sample into search by homebuyers and search by broker. We find that search by broker decreases the price dispersion compared to search by homebuyers. The third essay is try to explain a number of past and recent studies provided conflicting empirical answers to the effect of real estate brokerage service on housing price. We employ quantile regression to capture the behavior at each quantile of conditional house price distribution and to test the asymmetric effects of brokerage service. An important findings of this paper is that the price effects of real estate brokerage service are significant heterogeneous across the conditional price distribution. The contribution of this paper to the prior literature is to provide empirical evidence by showing that broker might have a positive, negative, or zero impact on the housing prices. The final essay is to discuss the decision making behavior of housing markets mechanism choice. Real estate auction market has been one of main market mechanisms of home purchase. Therefore, the performance of real estate auctions is a very important issue. This article reviews the price premium or discount of real estate auctions by correcting the self-selectivity bias in a view of homebuyers’ search cost. The empirical result shows that the availability of an auction as an alternative has the result of high search cost buyers attending auctions. Next, after accounting for the endogenous nature of this choice and controlling for property and buyer characteristics, prices of properties sold at auction were not lower than those of comparable properties sold in a search market. It is questionable to say the performance of real estate auctions is inferior to that of negotiated sales at Taiwan.
7

在企業網路運作下我國中小企業管理政策的特性 / The Characteristics of Management Policy of Small Business under Networks in Taiwan R.O.C.

劉嘉蓀, Liu, Chia Sun Unknown Date (has links)
資源基礎理論指出,策略要建立在自有的資源基礎上,並發展出對應資源 的能力,以取得持久的競爭優勢。中小企業受限於資源不足,只能專精於 整個價值活動中的一個小片斷,要連結其他成員,組織成綿密的企業網路 ,結合大家的資源,共同創造競爭優勢。在企業網路的架構下,專業分工 ,資源需求不高,成員各有專精,效率、效果、規模經濟、學習曲線等優 勢皆可獲得。在企業網路組織中,既合作又競爭,對無法配合的網路成員 ,以市場機制加以淘汰,保持全網路的競爭力。中小企業的小,機動性強 ,遇到問題,彈性應對,可使組織運作順暢。中小企業的管理政策,生產 、行銷、人事、研發、財務,不能自外於網路的需求,這些政策的訂定與 實施,都要能配合網路中的其他成員。以全網路為思考單位,創造全網路 的優勢。同時,也要考量到持全網路的競爭力。
8

公共設施保留地容積移轉市場交易機制之研究 / Study on the market transaction mechanism of the transferable development rights of land reservations for public facilities

劉厚連 Unknown Date (has links)
公共設施保留地容積移轉在於藉由市場交易機制,使公共設施保留地地主在等待政府徵收之前,得透過容積出售給開發業者獲致價金補償之機會,並免除政府直接辦理徵收之財政壓力。容積移轉制度基本精神是以市場效率解決土地分區使用之公平問題,然現行制度下,不同地區之公共設施保留地移出容積可得價金懸殊缺乏公平性,且容積交易集中於特定地區,造成當地生活環境品質之惡化。故本研究在制度建立之政策層面,尋求達到「受損補償,受益付費」公平原則,使容積購買者付出合理的價金購買公共設施保留地地主持有容積並透過制度設計控管容積移轉對生活環境品質衝擊之問題。在容積交易市場層面,則透過市場機制設計,塑造有助於市場形成與價格維繫之環境及降低容積買賣雙方之交易成本,以促進市場交易之效率並實現前述對地主之公平為目標。 本研究首先從市場供需之角度,分析容積供需失衡,對公共設施保留地容積移轉市場中容積價格之影響,並檢視影響TDR方案成功之市場運作因素與供需條件。其次,就買賣雙方交易盈餘分配進行探討,運用賽局理論中那許均衡之概念,分析討價還價之均衡解,以闡明信息不對稱下,如何解決地主在容積交易中議價資訊不足之問題,提高容積移轉價格,增進該制度在保障公共設施保留地地主財產權之貢獻。第三,引用中間層理論探討TDR銀行在解決交易成本問題之優勢,並闡明非營利性質因減少中介費用支出,增加交易雙方之交易剩餘,較能使TDR方案成功。第四,藉由前述理論之探討,本研究研擬改善現行公共設施保留地容積移轉的市場機制之相關議題,透過學者專家問卷及權利關係人的問卷調查之設計,汲取市場機制改善之建議。 本研究認為我國容積移轉市場存在容積總量超出環境容受力、市場所能提供之交易資訊不足、容積價格落差過大、中介者所提供的服務仍待加強及交易成本偏高等問題,需透過政府介入加以解決。因此,提出以容積銀行為容積移轉政策執行核心之市場交易機制,由各直轄市、縣市政府成立一個非營利性質的容積銀行,作為容積移轉交易平台,並成立專款專用之容積銀行運作基金,作為政策性購買容積取得所需公共設施保留地之用,賦予容積銀行資訊提供、中介媒合、價格引導、確保交易等功能,降低容積移轉交易成本,創造有利之交易環境,確保公共設施保留地地主,能以合理價格出售變現、政府財政可以負荷及都市居住環境品質得到掌控與維護的政策目標。根據研究結果提出建立公共設施保留容積移轉政策之決策與實踐機制及以容積銀行交易平台為主之交易市場機制等制度建議,作為政府未來改善公共設施容積移轉制度之參考。 / The transferable development rights (TDR) of land reservations for public facilities are a unique transferring method of development rights in Taiwan. This system allows the owners of land reservations for public facilities to sell the land, through market transaction mechanism and before the acquisition by the government, to developers through TDR in order to earn land transferring compensation. This system can also reduce the financial burden on the government on land acquisition. However, TDR has been questioned for deteriorating the urban living environment due to overdevelopment, and the transaction mechanism may reduce the market function and efficiency due to high transaction costs. Therefore, this study aims to design a market mechanism that can control the impact of TDR on the living environment, create an environment that is conducive to market formulation and price maintenance, and reduce the transaction costs of sellers and buyers, in order to facilitate the efficiency of market transaction and realize the fairness on the land owners. This paper first analyzes the imbalance between the TDR supply and demand from the market supply and demand perspective, and examines the effect of TDR of land reservations for public facilities on volume price in the market, as well as the market operational factors and supply/demand conditions that affect the success of TDR plans. Then, it discusses the surplus distribution of buyers and sellers, and applies the concept of Nash Equilibrium in the Game Theory to analyze the equilibrium solution of price bargaining. It aims to expound on how land owners could raise the TDR price under insufficient information due to information asymmetry during the bargaining process, and enhance the contribution of this system on the proprietorship of the land owners on land reservations for public facilities. Third, this paper applies the intermediation theory to discuss the advantages of TDR banks in solving the problem of transaction costs, and explains the reason that non-profit characteristics are more likely to guarantee the success of TDR plans. Fourth, based on the above discussions, this paper aims to improve the market mechanism of the TDR of land reservations for public facilities, and conduct questionnaire survey on experts and interest parties in order to collect opinions on the improvement schemes. Lastly, this paper proposes the market mechanism of using TDR bank as the policy executor of TDR, and establishing a non-profit TDR bank in each city/county by the local government as a transaction platform for TDR transaction. TDR bank operational fund should be established for exclusive use on the policy-oriented purchase of TDR of land reservations for public facilities. Thus, the TDR bank has the functions of providing information, mediating, price guiding, and transaction guaranteeing, in order to reduce the TDR transaction costs, create a favorable transaction environment, ensure the land owners of land reservations for public facilities to sell their lands at reasonable prices, reduce the financial burden of the government, and maintain a fair urban living environment. Suggestions are provided based on the research findings as a reference to the government on improving the TDR system of land reservations for public facilities.

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