Palaces and Ushnus: Rímac Valley’s Curacas and Inca Government in the Central CoastThe Inca presence in the middle low valley of the Rimac basin, related to architecture, is revealed in two types of evidence: a) the first one corresponds to the incorporation of constructive features and decorative criteria of Cuzco style to the elite residences of the area (e.g. palaces), and b) the second evidence is related to the subtle disposition of constructions that consider similar locations and characteristics, although on reduced scale, of those typical buildings denominated "Inca Administrative Centers" which have the Plaza as organizing axis of the space.In this context, the validity and use of palaces of the coastal tradition during the Late Horizon can be interpreted as a sample of the local institutions abilities to maintain traditional modalities in the exercise of power. As well, the buildings that imitate Inca architectonic layouts with more complex pretensions represent a challenge for the interpretations on this phenomenon. Were these buildings the locus of the Inca state, official facilities in the zone? Did imperial civil employees resided and made bureaucratic tasks in these settlements, their facilities were used to store diverse goods of the region, among other activities of economic interest for the Tahuantinsuyo?Characterize the operation of both types of constructions (e.g., palaces and Inca inspiration locations), is fundamental in order to explain the political framework on which the exercise of power in the zone of study was based and its repercussion on local as well as imperial scale. Is the contemporaneity of these constructions evidence of particular and excluding identities as effect of the Inca power installation in the zone? Did they represent the particular Inca strategy domination in the area due to considerations of the special conditions of political, social and economic organization of the coast? In this work, these possibilities are explored, on the basis of the analysis of both the architectonic pattern and settlement pattern in this section of Rimac river basin during the Late Intermediate Period and the Late Horizon. / El testimonio de la presencia inca en el valle medio bajo del Rímac, en lo que a arquitectura se refiere, se manifiesta de dos maneras: a) la incorporación de criterios de edificación y ornamentación en la construcción de las residencias de elite de la zona (v.g., palacios), y b) la sutil disposición de construcciones que tienen en cuenta emplazamientos y características semejantes, aunque a escala reducida, a las de aquellos edificios típicos de los denominados centros administrativos incas y que tienen a la plaza como eje organizador del espacio.La vigencia de los palacios durante el Horizonte Tardío es una muestra de la habilidad de las instituciones locales por mantener modalidades tradicionales en el ejercicio del poder. A su vez, la construcción de edificios, que imitan arreglos arquitectónicos incas de pretensiones más complejas, representa un reto para las interpretaciones sobre este fenómeno. ¿Son instalaciones oficiales de la organización imperial inca en la zona? ¿En ellas residían y realizaban labores burocráticas funcionarios imperiales, laboraban contingentes humanos por turnos o se almacenaban diversos bienes de la región, entre otras actividades de interés para el Tahuantinsuyo?Es evidente el funcionamiento simultáneo, en un mismo asentamiento, de ambas tradiciones arquitectónicas, íntimamente relacionadas al ejercicio del poder tanto a escala local como imperial. ¿Es este hecho una evidencia de identidades particulares y excluyentes como efecto de la instalación del poder inca en la zona o representa una estrategia de adaptación particular de las elites locales en consideración de las especiales condiciones políticas, sociales y económicas de la costa central? Estas posibilidades son exploradas en este trabajo sobre la base de un análisis de patrones arquitectónicos y de asentamiento en este tramo de la cuenca del Rímac.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDGM.pdf: 9494818 bytes, checksum: aaab5a58df0da3a8e1e33fde851dd7e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The residential automation have been used by entrepreneurs as strategy to add value to the project and the product, in order to generate a competitive advantage. Currently independent mechanisms of automation in several areas are being used in the residences. The huge challenge is integrate all of these systems, making possible economy, comfort and an easy use. For this function, observed in the market the new role Home Technology Integrator as member of design team. This dissertation proposes to evaluate new forms of organization as part of the new project process for intelligent residential building and to characterize the profile of Home Technology Integrator, in order to contribute for this panorama, where changes are significant and fast. / A automação residencial têm sido usada por empreendedores como estratégia para agregar valor ao projeto e ao produto, gerando um diferencial competitivo. Hoje são utilizados nas residências mecanismos isolados de automação em diversas áreas e o grande desafio atual é conseguir integrar todos estes sistemas, possibilitando economia, conforto e facilidade de uso. Para desempenhar esta função, destaca-se no mercado a presença gradativa da figura do integrador de sistemas residenciais como participante da equipe de projeto. Visando contribuir para este panorama de mudanças tão velozes e significativas nas estratégias competitivas, propõe-se estudar nesta dissertação as formas de organização do processo de projeto em um novo produto complexo (edifícios residenciais inteligentes), assim como, caracterizar o perfil do integrador de sistemas residenciais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:55:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 113823.pdf: 9280031 bytes, checksum: be5827f50dda8c3021a883367321f4be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Rancho Queimado was the setting of the tourism phenomenon in two moments of its history: during the 1950s and 1960s, as a destination for tourists and people with respiratory diseases, they found there a space for rest and mild weather in summers, and from decade 1990 onwards, with investments in tourism infrastructure and support tourism. The aim of this work is to identify and analyze the key factors for Awakening tourism in Rancho Queimado in the late twentieth century. Local investments to attract tourists made it a city of villas in just 20 years, the real estate trade a major share of its revenues, far beyond the reality of the tourism phenomenon. This factor raises the question of research on the difference between the discourse of tourism and the reality of its social and economic. The second residence in the field can be considered part of the tourist offer? The theoretical framework takes into account the studies of tourism as a function of time and space from the historical-materialist completing the study in a deepening of the general theory of tourism. The main research method was the field study with semi-structured interviews and photographic records. Historical research also relied on secondary sources through research in libraries and academic sources, Federal University de Santa Catarina and UDESC. / Rancho Queimado foi o cenário do fenômeno turístico em dois momentos de sua história: nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, como destino de turistas e pessoas com enfermidades respiratórias, que lá encontraram um espaço de descanso e de clima ameno nos verões; e a partir da década de 1990 em diante, com os investimentos em infraestrutura turística e de apoio ao turismo. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é identificar e analisar os fatores fundamentais para o Despertar do turismo em Rancho Queimado no final do século XX. Os investimentos locais para atrair o turista o transformou em um município de casas de campo em apenas 20 anos, sendo o comércio imobiliário uma fatia importante das suas receitas, muito além da realidade do fenômeno turístico. Este fator levanta o questionamento de pesquisa sobre a diferença entre o discurso do turismo e a realidade de sua representatividade social e econômica. A segunda residência no campo pode ser considerada parte da oferta turística? O referencial teórico para a condução dos estudos foi a observação da atividade turística em função do tempo e do espaço a partir da visão histórico-materialista, concluindo o estudo em um aprofundamento da teoria geral do turismo. O principal método de pesquisa foi o estudo de campo com entrevistas semi-estruturadas e registros fotográficos. As pesquisas históricas se basearam também em fontes secundárias através de pesquisa em bibliotecas e fontes acadêmicas da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina e UDESC.

The main requirement of the user with regard to the constructive system is to have the guarantee of that this is really safe, that is, that it really comes to take care of to the requirements of structural security. The evaluation of structural performance, is one of the forms to determine if the system is really safe; the ideal would be that all and any constructive system, before being launched in the market, it was submitted to the performance evaluations leading in consideration the requirements of the users: security, habitability and support; only in such a way, if it would have the guarantee of that possible problems presented during the evaluation, they would not be repassed the users, being corrected in its initial stage. Therefore, in this work, the performance evaluation happened of inverse form, where the constructive system was evaluated by means of assays of field after the residences being concluded. The carried through assays of field had looked for to evaluate the structural performance of the residences of soil-cement and cellular concrete through the assays of verification of resistance the impacts, occupation loads, verification of the behavior of the leaf (door) submitted the abnormal maneuvers and evaluation through the criteria of the state has limited of use. In such a way, the behavior of these residences through the comparison could be evaluated enters the gotten results in the assays of field and the criteria established for the Projects of Norms of the ABNT nos 02.136.01.001, 02.136.01.002 e 02.136.01.004 (ABNT, 2004) 2004 that it evaluates the performance of residences, well as, to verify the constructive systems that had not taken care of to the established criteria, indicating its imperfections, guaranteeing with this not the occurrence of these in future constructions. / A principal exigência do usuário com relação ao sistema construtivo é ter a garantia de que este é realmente seguro, ou seja, que venha realmente a atender aos requisitos de segurança estrutural. A avaliação de desempenho estrutural, é uma das formas para determinar se o sistema é realmente seguro; o ideal seria que todo e qualquer sistema construtivo, antes de ser lançado no mercado, fosse submetido às avaliações de desempenho levando em consideração as exigências dos usuários: segurança, habitabilidade e sustentabilidade; somente desta forma, se teria a garantia de que possíveis problemas apresentados durante a avaliação, não seriam repassados aos usuários, sendo corrigidos em sua etapa inicial. Neste trabalho, a avaliação de desempenho aconteceu de forma inversa, onde o sistema construtivo foi avaliado por meio de ensaios de campo depois das unidades habitacionais estarem concluídas. Os ensaios de campo realizados procuraram avaliar o desempenho estrutural das unidades habitacionais de solo-cimento e concreto celular através da verificação da resistência a impactos, cargas de ocupação, verificação do comportamento da folha (porta) submetida a manobras anormais e avaliação através dos critérios do estado limite de utilização. Desta forma, pôde-se avaliar o comportamento destas residências através da comparação entre os resultados obtidos nos ensaios de campo, e os critérios estabelecidos pelos Projetos de Normas nos 02.136.01.001, 02.136.01.002 e 02.136.01.004 (ABNT, 2004) que apresentam os métodos para avaliar o desempenho de edifícios habitacionais, bem como verifica os sistemas construtivos que não atenderam aos critérios estabelecidos, indicando suas falhas, garantindo com isso a não ocorrência destas em construções futuras. / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Dans notre société vieillissante, de plus en plus d’aînés quittent des maisons qu’ils habitent depuis des années pour s’installer dans des résidences spécialement conçues pour les personnes âgées. Selon les données de la Société canadienne d’hypothèques et logement, au Canada, à l’âge de 90 ans c’est plus de la moitié des personnes âgées qui ont fait ce changement. En conséquence, la construction de résidences privées pour aînés a augmenté de façon exponentielle. Dans ce contexte il apparaît pertinent de se demander comment les individus s’approprient leur chez-soi dans les résidences privées pour aînés au Québec et si l’aménagement de ces derniers soutient ou nuit à cette appropriation. Deux concepts constituent les bases de cette recherche pour tenter de comprendre cette situation. Celui du chez-soi tel que défini par Serfaty-Garzon qui suggère le rapprochement entre la spatialité de la maison et l’identité personnelle de l’occupant, et celui de l’appropriation caractérisée par une série d’actions par lesquelles un espace (space) se voit transformé en un lieu de vie (place). Cette étude questionne aussi le modèle standardisé des résidences privées pour aînés et ses intérieurs très structurants, modèles de rationalité, qui ne semblent pas prendre en compte les besoins spécifiques des individus et dont l’aménagement même dicte la manière d’habiter des occupants et rend difficile la personnalisation des espaces limitant ainsi le sentiment d’être chez-soi. Par une approche phénoménologique, à l’aide de parcours commentés, la présente recherche a permis d’explorer l’expérience sensible des aînés dans leurs espaces intimes et de découvrir comment ils ont transformé ces logements normalisés en chez-soi personnalisé. Les résultats démontrent qu’on ne peut présumer des besoins des aînés puisqu’ils ne forment pas un groupe homogène. De ce fait, il faut éviter la standardisation et concevoir des espaces de vie multifonctionnels et adaptables qui offrent aux occupants un maximum de contrôle favorisant ainsi leur appropriation des lieux et un plus grand sentiment d’être chez-soi. / In our aging society, we are seeing more and more older adults leave homes where they lived for years to move into residences especially designed for the elderly. According to Canada’s Mortgage and Housing Corporation, in Canada, by the age of 90, more than half of older adults have made the change. As a result, there’s been an exponential increase in the construction of residences for the elderly. In this context it seems relevant to ask ourselves how individuals appropriate their new homes in private seniors’ residences in Quebec and if the layout of these housing facilities support or impede this appropriation. In order to understand this situation, this research is based on two concepts. That of the chez-soi (home) as defined by Serfaty-Garzon which suggests a connection between the spatiality of the house and the personal identity of the occupant, and that of the appropriation characterized by a series of actions by which spaces can be transformed into places. This study also questions the standardized design model of these facilities and it’s rationalized interiors that do not seem to take into account the specific needs of the occupants dictating instead a way of living and restricting the personalization of the space thus limiting the feeling of being “home”. Through a phenomenological approach, using the walking interview method, this research has explored the sensitive experiences of the seniors in their private spaces and discovered how they transformed these standardized apartments into personalized homes. The results show that seniors’ needs cannot be presumed since they are not a homogeneous group. Therefore, we must avoid standardization and provide spaces that are multifunctional and adaptable, offering the occupants maximum control, thus encouraging their appropriation and creating a greater sense of being at home.

In Central Europe, an early medieval architectural complex, in which palatial remnants have been either unearthed or expected on the basis of historical writing, is often classified as a royal/princely seat. Thus, the architectural criteria are used to define the residential areas. Alas, in most studies the interpreted architectural remnants are simply juxtaposed without taking into account their terresial and landscape context. I demonstrate that in some cases landscape significance of royal seats was constructed without taking into account any spatial evidence. Secondly, I illustrate that by isolating a single building within the royal seat from its landscape and textual context, the spatial aspects of the structure were misinterpreted. However, our understanding of the local environment is essential to identify the role of architectural "quotation" in the semantic creation of space of the royal seats in the past. Thus, based on a textual approach to architecture and landscape, my thesis aims to deconstruct the meaning of early medieval royal seats, and to demythologize the interpretation of early medieval royal seats in Central Europe. In addition, I present that both textual (historic writing) and physical (environmental) aspects of the reality creates a historic spatiality that is polarized...

El presente trabajo de investigación parte de las carencias que posee el adulto mayor autovalente en pobreza extrema hoy en día, siendo olvidadas sus necesidades básicas y convirtiéndose por lo tanto en la población más vulnerables ante la sociedad. Se propone como objetivo final el desarrollo proyectual de un Centro Residencial Gerontológico en el distrito de Villa el Salvador, para satisfacer tanto las necesidades básicas de la población adulta mayor tales como la residencia y salud, como complementos que aportan a su desarrollo personal como recreación e interacción social. / This research approaches the scarcities of elderly poor people today. As their basics needs are forgotten they become a vulnerable population. The purpose of this study is the development of a Gerontological Residential Care Facility for the Elderly in Villa el Salvador in order to satisfy the basic needs of senior citizens such as residence and health and complements that contribute to their personal development as recreation and social activities. / Tesis

This thesis attempts to address how and why North Shäwa deteriorated from a political heartland to a region of impoverished peasants by the beginning of the 20th century. One of the factors that determine the selection of the place for a seat of the government for a region or country and sustainability of its system is its resource potential. In this case, arable and grazing land with other related land resources were decisive. They were some of the major factors contributing to both the origin and development of the kingdom. However, by the beginning of the 20th century, the region was abandoned by the court and by a significant proportion of its population. This was mainly because of the impoverishment of the region. The growth of the number of consumers (town dwellers) and the supplies needed by the kingdom exceeded the carrying capacity of North Shäwa. The economic productivity of the region could not correspond to the development of its needs. Thus, this thesis accords due emphasis to the factors that contributed to the impoverishment of North Shäwa and the consequences that followed. Throughout the thesis, North Shäwan peasants are the main subject of discussion. Political, social, cultural and geographical factors that impacted on the peasants’ economy and that retarded its development are discussed in the study. It also attempts to unearth the measures taken by the court and peoples of North Shäwa to withstand or escape from the prevailing socio-economic problems. Finally a comparison is made with other regions of the country to describe the political and socio-economic status of North Shäwans that continue to live in the region. This discussion covers the period from the 1880s up to the Italian occupation of Ethiopia in 1935 / History / D.Litt. et Phil. (History)

Essa tese discute o potencial das residências artísticas como ambientes de formação, criação e difusão, defendendo a compreensão de sua atuação, como forma ampliada de atender a uma necessidade de repensar os processos de ensino e aprendizagem em artes visuais, na contemporaneidade. Apresenta como objeto de estudo o Programa de residência artística da Fundação Armando Alvares Penteado FAAP, na Cité Internationale des Arts, em Paris e a criação e implantação da Residência Artística FAAP, em São Paulo, e seu respectivo programa de residência artística, para compreendê-los como plataformas atuantes na dimensão desses processos de formação artística. / This thesis discusses the potential of artistic residences as an environment for education, creation and diffusion, as it defends the understanding of their role as an expanded way to cater to the need of rethinking teaching and learning processes in the visual arts in a contemporary context. The object of study presented in this thesis is the artistic residence program of the Fundação Armando Alvares Penteado - FAAP at the Cité Internationale des Arts, in Paris, and the foundation of FAAPs artistic residence in São Paulo, with its respective artistic residence program, holding both these residences as thresholds that work in the scope of artistic education processes.

Aquesta tesi doctoral estudia diferents aspectes sobre els habitatges a la província de Girona, combinant l'anàlisi sobre l'evolució històrica dels habitatges, el fenomen de les segones residències i el mercat d'apartaments turístics. El paper de la població és el principal motor del creixement dels habitatges durant el segle XX. Tot i així, durant la segona meitat, el pes dels habitatges secundaris en zones turístiques com Costa Brava i municipis de muntanya han tingut el seu paper significatiu. Altres factors determinants en els darrers anys han estat la immigració i la disminució del tamany de les llars. Les segones residències a Girona s'ubiquen en gran part a la Costa Brava (al voltant del 75% del total a la província). S'observa un fenomen d'expansió en forma de "taca d'oli" des de la Costa Brava cap a l'interior i des de la Cerdanya cap a zones més orientals. Dins el mercat d'apartaments turístics, una sèrie de regressions hedòniques han posat de manifest les variables que més influeixen sobre el preu final del lloguer de l'habitatge turístic com el nombre d'habitacions, el tipus d'allotjament, la distància sobre la platja, el municipi d'ubicació i la temporada turística. Respecte als hotels (el mateix exercici) com a bé substitutiu destaquen les mateixes variables excepte la piscina (menys valorat) i el pàrking (més valorat). / This doctoral thesis studies different aspects on the housings in the province of Girona, combining the historical evolution of them, the phenomenon of the second residences and the market of the tourist apartments. The role of population is the main motive of the growth of the housings during the XXth century in the zone. Nonetheless, during the second half, the weight of the secondary housings in tourist zones like the Costa Brava and mountain towns have had their significant role as well. Other determinant factors in the last years have been the immigration and the decrease of the home's size. The second residences in Girona are located for the most part in the Costa Brava (about 75 % of whole to the province). A phenomenon of expansion is observed with a "spot of oil" effect from the Costa Brava towards the interior and from the Cerdanya (specialized mountain tourism zone) towards more oriental zones. Inside the market of tourist apartments, hedonic regressions have shown the variables that have more influence to the final price of the rent of the tourist housing: number of rooms, type of housing, distance the beach, municipality and season. Another exercise for hotels (as a substitute good) shows the same importance of variables to the final price excepting in the swimming pool (less valued) and the parking (more valued)