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Impacto de la riqueza del sector extractivo minero y la calidad institucional sobre el crecimiento económico en el Perú / Impact of the wealth of the mining extractive sector and institutional quality on economic growth in PeruCastañeda Rosales, Sarah Elizabeth 31 October 2020 (has links)
La literatura ha documentado que los países más abundantes en recursos naturales tienden a registrar menores tasas de crecimiento que los países con menos recursos. Este fenómeno se conoce como la maldición de los recursos naturales. No obstante, diversos estudios sugieren que esta maldición no es provocada por la afluencia de recursos, sino que podría estar condicionada a la calidad de las instituciones del país. La presente investigación busca determinar el impacto de la abundancia del sector extractivo minero y la calidad institucional sobre el crecimiento económico en el Perú. Para ello, se utiliza un set de datos de series de tiempo para el periodo 1996T1-2018T4. Siguiendo la metodología de Johansen y Juselius (1990), se estima un modelo basado en la ecuación planteada por Sachs y Warner (1995) a la que se incorpora una variable que mide el componente institucional. Los resultados muestran que la riqueza del sector minero no presenta un impacto negativo per se sobre el crecimiento económico en el largo plazo, rechazándose así la hipótesis de la maldición de recursos para el caso peruano. Sin embargo, cuando se incluye el concepto de calidad institucional al análisis, los resultados varían a favor de la validación de la hipótesis, demostrando que, no es la abundancia de recursos la condición que obra en detrimento del desempeño final del crecimiento económico sino la existencia de instituciones de mala calidad en el Perú. / The literature has documented that countries with more natural resources tend to have lower growth rates than countries with fewer resources. This phenomenon is known as the Resource Curse. However, various studies suggest that this curse is not caused by the influx of resources, but could be conditioned by the quality of the country's institutions. This paper seeks to determine the impact of the abundance of the mining extractive sector and institutional quality on economic growth in Peru. To do this, a set of time series data is used for the period 1996Q1-2018Q4. Following the methodology of Johansen and Juselius (1990), a model based on the equation proposed by Sachs and Warner (1995) is estimated, incorporating a variable that measures the institutional component. The results show that the wealth of the mining sector does not present a negative impact per se on economic growth in the long term, thus rejecting the hypothesis of the resource curse for the Peruvian case. However, when the concept of institutional quality is included in the analysis, the results vary in favor of the validation of the hypothesis, showing that it is not the abundance of resources that is detrimental to the final performance of economic growth, but rather the existence of poor quality institutions in Peru. / Trabajo de investigación
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Hospodářská změna v Rusku: závislost na ropě / Economic change in Russia: Oil dependencyKrupa, Mikuláš January 2019 (has links)
This thesis concentrates on the case of Russian economy and assessment of its dependence on oil. Russia is often cited as an example of country suffering from resource curse as its natural wealth forms significant share of country's exports and revenues. Thesis will first concentrate on factors determining current state of Russian economy. Presence of the symptoms of Dutch disease in the Russian economy will be studied using the Vector error correction model (VECM) applied on the real effective exchange rate of country (REER). Thesis will also contain an assessment of Russian institutional environment to check for other symptoms of resource curse theory. Analysis of latest federal budget will be used to evaluate the sustainability of Russian federal finances. The thesis is concluded by discussion of results and possible paths of future development of Russian economy.
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Norsko a Botswana jako výjimky z teorie prokletí přírodními zdroji / Norway and Botswana as exceptions to the theory of the curse of natural resourcesDrozdová, Miroslava January 2020 (has links)
This thesis compares Norway, Botswana and Venezuela and their sovereign wealth funds. The first two countries are referred to as exceptions to the theory of the resource curse, which explains the phenomenon that shows that countries with a high dependence on income from the export of natural resources have a slower rate of economic, political and institutional development. On the contrary, Venezuela (although it was considered an exception in the past) is severely affected by this phenomenon and thus serves as a negative example in this thesis. The thesis focuses on state sovereign wealth funds and examines whether and under what conditions these funds have an effect on reversing the resource curse. Based on the theoretical part, five key characteristics are identified that the fund must meet in order to function against the negative manifestations of the curse of natural resources - (1) offsetting the effects of volatility, (2) diversifying the economy, (3) budgetary policy, (4) controlling the allocation of expenditure, (5) transparency of funds. Based on these characteristics, it is possible to observe that the Norwegian sovereign wealth fund works best from selected funds as a defense against the resource curse, followed by the Botswana fund and third by the Venezuelan fund. Norway and Botswana...
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Влияние мирового нефтяного рынка на экономику Ирака : магистерская диссертация / Impact of the global oil market on the economy of IraqАльристим, М. Х. А., Alristim, M. H. A. January 2020 (has links)
The relevance of the research of the topic master's thesis is due to the increasing impact to the fact that Iraq is a vivid example of a resource-dependent country today, which is affected by the resource curse and which faces many problems. The purpose of the research: to assess the impact of the volatility of the global oil market on the economic development of Iraq and determine the prospects for its development. In accordance with the chosen of the purpose of the research is the following tasks in the work: to consider the theoretical aspects of resource-dependent countries and the features of their development; to study the theory of "resource curse" and ways to overcome it; to analyze the world oil market, especially its development and its factors; consider OPEC and its role in regulating the global oil market; to analyze the economic development of Iraq as a resource-dependent country; conduct a SWOT analysis for the economy of Iraq; develop recommendations for the development of the economy of Iraq. The scientific novelty can be attributed to highlighting the factors that make Iraq a resource-dependent country and is leading to the resource curse, as well as conducting a SWOT analysis and highlighting the weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities for the economy of Iraq. The practical significance of the research is determined to develop recommendations to help the country find a way out of its resource dependence. The implementation of these recommendations will help improve the situation in Iraq. / Ирак на сегодняшний день является ярким примером ресурснозависимой страны, на которую действует ресурсное проклятие и которая сталкивается со множеством проблем. Целью исследования является оценка влияния волатильности мирового рынка нефти на экономическое развитие Ирака и определение перспектив его развития. В соответствии с выбранной целью в работе были поставлены следующие задачи: рассмотреть теоретические аспекты ресурсозависимых стран и особенности их развития; изучить теорию «ресурсного проклятия» и пути его преодоления; проанализировать мировой рынок нефти, особенности его развития и его факторы; рассмотреть ОПЕК и ее роль в регулировании мирового рынка нефти; проанализировать экономическое развитие Ирака как ресурсозависимой страны; провести SWOT-анализ для экономики Ирака; разработать рекомендаций для развития экономики Ирака. К научной новизне можно отнести выделение факторов делающих Ирак ресурснозависимой страной и способствующих ресурсному проклятию, а также проведение SWOT-анализа и выделение слабых, сильных сторон, угроз и возможностей для экономики Ирака. Практическая значимость магистерской работы состоит в разработки рекомендаций, помогающих стране выйти из ресурсной зависимости. Внедрение данных рекомендаций будет способствовать улучшению ситуации в Ираке.
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La mesure économique de la dépréciation du capital minier au Pérou / Measuring the Peruvian mineral depletionCantuarias-Villessuzanne, Carmen Amalia 07 June 2012 (has links)
Le Pérou, extrêmement riche en minerais, connaît depuis les années 2000 une forte croissance économique. Àla question de savoir si sa richesse minérale condamne le Pérou à la malédiction des ressources naturelles, nousrépondons que ce n’est pas le cas à l’heure actuelle, mais nous mettons en évidence une forte dépendance vis-à-visde l’activité minière. La question centrale est celle du développement durable de l’activité minière. La mesure dela dépréciation du capital minier (dcm) est l’indicateur fondamental pour évaluer la situation. Diverses méthodesd’estimation existent, mais notre analyse microéconomique basée sur la règle de Hotelling fournit une valeurd’environ 7 % du pib sur la période 2000–2008, soit le double de l’approximation donnée par la Banque Mondiale.Nous proposons d’intégrer la dcm aux indicateurs macroéconomiques traditionnels, ce qui permet de mettreen évidence la surestimation de la croissance économique. Conformément à la règle de Hartwick, il apparaîtclairement que le développement péruvien n’est pas durable ; les revenus miniers ne compensent pas la dcmet ne sont pas réinvestis en faveur du développement du pays. Il faudrait donc taxer les entreprises minières àhauteur de la dcm, et créer un fonds de ressources naturelles. Nos résultats montrent qu’épargner seulement 8 %de la dcm permettrait d’atteindre un revenu durable pour les générations futures. La création d’un tel fonds deressources naturelles aurait également pour avantage de réduire l’instabilité macroéconomique et de promouvoirune meilleure gouvernabilité. / Since the 2000s, Peru, a country extremely rich in minerals has experienced strong economic growth. WouldPeru be condemned to the resource curse because of its mineral wealth? For now this is not the case; howeverwe point up a strong dependence upon the mining sector. The main question relates to the sustainability of themining industry. The mineral depletion rate is a fundamental indicator to assess the situation. To calculate this,there are many forecasting methods available ; our microeconomic analysis based on the Hotelling rule providesa value of around 7 % of gdp for the period between 2000 and 2008, which represents double the estimation ofthe World Bank.We recommend the mineral depletion be taken into account when calculating traditional macroeconomic indicators;it would highlight the overestimation of economic growth. According to the Hartwick rule, it is clearthat Peruvian development is not sustainable; mining revenues do not offset the mineral depletion and are notreinvested in the development of the country. Therefore, the solution should be to tax mining companies at alevel equivalent to that of depletion and, with the new income, to create a natural resource fund. Saving only8 % of the mineral depletion would suffice to generate sustainable rent for futures generations. In addition, thecreation of a natural resource fund would reduce macroeconomic instability and enforce better governance.
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Three essays in applied economicsTesei, Andrea 12 July 2012 (has links)
This thesis investigates different social and political aspects of modern economies. The first chapter contributes to the natural resource curse debate, by showing that the impact of resource windfalls is different among democracies and autocracies. The results also point to the existence of a large heterogeneity in the response to resource shocks among autocracies. The second chapter focuses on metropolitan areas in the US, and deals with the issue of social capital formation. I examine one important aspect of social capital, trust, and argue that it is lower when income inequality between different racial groups in the metropolitan area is higher. The third chapter studies the relation between media influence and electoral voting in Italy. I relate electoral outcomes at the municipal level to differences in signal reception of Silvio Berlusconi's private TV network. The results show that greater exposure to commercial television increases support for Silvio Berlusconi's party. / Aquesta tesi investiga diferents aspectes socials i polítics de les economies modernes. El primer capítol versa sobre el debat a l'entorn dels recursos naturals, mostrant que l'impacte dels guanys imprevistos dels recursos és diferent entre democràcies i autocràcies. Els resultats també indiquen l'existència d'una àmplia heterogeneïtat entre autocràcies en la seva reacció davant a variacions dels recursos. El segon capítol se centra en les àrees metropolitanes dels EUA i tracta el tema de la formació de capital social. He examinat un aspecte important del capital social, la confiança, i, argumento que és baixa quan, en la mateixa zona metropolitana, hi ha una gran desigualtat en les rentes dels diferents grups racials. El tercer capítol estudia la relació entre la influència dels mitjans de comunicació i el vot electoral a Itàlia. He relacionat els resultats electorals a nivell municipal amb les diferències en la recepció del senyal dels canals privats de televisió de Silvio Berlusconi. El resultat mostra que una gran exposició a la televisió comercial incrementa el suport polític al partit de Berlusconi.
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How resource rich countries attract foreign direct investments: a study of Western Asian countries and strategies of industrialization and diversificationNguyen, Kimthoa Thi 27 October 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-10-27 / Fuel is a self-depleting resource and long term dependency on this commodity alone will not suffice. An export trade oriented approach can lead to faster industrialization while diversification leads to economic sustainable growth. This research seeks to understand how countries compete for foreign direct investments, and how certain activities have the most impact in the competitive global marketplace. Research suggests that when companies decide to invest abroad, they seek only to find countries that facilitate their strategic objectives. The results conclude with appropriate levels of government accountability, credibility and visibility with the private sector, foreign direct investment is attracted by policy advocacy and policy reform. By reviewing countries such as United Arab Emirates in direct comparison to Western Asian countries, including Kuwait and Iraq with high levels of fuel exports, along with Qatar with optimistic marketplace indicators and plentitude of skills and capabilities – research seems to suggest that despite high capabilities and attractive GDP, promotional investment activities yield the highest returns using policy advocacy and reform.
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The role of corporate social responsibility in sustainable development in Ghana : a critical perspective on Anglogold Ashanti GhanaNyamadi, Victoria Mensah 02 1900 (has links)
The aim of this research was to identify and assess the extent to which AngloGold Ashanti
(AGA) Mining Company has been able to apply its corporate social responsibility (CSR)
policies in its operations, in a participatory manner, in contributing to sustainable development in its area of operation. The mixed method approach was used. Cluster sampling under the random sampling and purposive sampling methods were used to select both the respondentsand communities affected by mining. Six communities were surveyed from the Obuasi Municipality in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Participatory interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions and participant observation techniques were used to gather data. The study identified that the CSR initiatives of AGA are evaluated on five main principles, namely commitment to core values, compliance with legal provisions, managerial discretion in taking actions, economic contributions and participatory mechanisms. The study found that, to some extent, the local people have been engaged in the implementation of AGA’s CSR activities. 25.2% were involved in project planning and design, and more than 80% were informed before the start of projects. Also, the results reveal that AGA’s mining activities have had both positive
and negative impacts on the economic well-being of residents within the selected communities. The impact of AGA’s mining activities on the environment, especially on water quality, soil quality, sanitation and noise levels, was found to be negative, resulting in major health problems for residents in mining communities. As a contribution to knowledge, the study shows how community members (respondents) perceive AGA’s CSR activities as fulfilling just one aspect of CSR (philanthropic dimension) and not necessarily rectifying the effect of their mining activities on the environment (ethical dimension). The study therefore recommends that comprehensive CSR measures principled through the lens of nonphilanthropic considerations be developed to reverse the general negative outcomes of mining on communities economically, socially and environmentally, especially regarding the growing unemployment and displacement of communities. / Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuhlonza nokuhlola ukuthi iNkampani yeMayini iAngloGold Ashanti (AGA) ikwaze kanjani ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zayo zegunya
lokubambisana kwezenhlalo (GLK) ekusebenzeni kwayo, ngendlela yokubamba iqhaza,
ekunikelweni entuthukweni esimeme emkhakheni esebenza kuyo. Kusetshenziswe indlela
ehlanganisiwe. Iqoqo lamasampula ngaphansi kwesampula engahleliwe nezindlela zokwenza
amasampula ahlosiwe asetshenziselwe ukukhetha bobabili abaphendulayo kanye
nemiphakathi ethintekayo ezimayini. Kuhlolwe imiphakathi eyisithupha ivela kuMasipala
wase-Obuasi esifundeni i-Ashanti eGhana. Izingxoxo zokubamba iqhaza, iqoqo lemibuzo,
izingxoxo zamaqembu okugxilwe kuwo kanye namasu wokubuka ababambiqhaza
asetshenziselwe ukuqoqa idatha. Ucwaningo lukhombe ukuthi izinhlelo ze(GLK) le-AGA
zihlolwa ngemigomo engqala emihlanu, okungukuthi ukuzibophezela kumanani ayisisekelo,
ukuhambisana nezinhlinzeko zomthetho, ukuqonda ekuthatheni izinyathelo ezithile, iminikelo
yezomnotho nezindlela zokubamba iqhaza. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi, ukuya ezingeni elithile,
abantu bendawo babambe iqhaza ekwenzeni imisebenzi ye-AGA's ne GLK. Ama-25.2%
abambe iqhaza ekuhleleni nasekuklanyweni kwamaphrojekthi, kwathi abangaphezu kuma80% aziswa ngaphambi kokuqala kwamaphrojekthi. Futhi, imiphumela iveza ukuthi
imisebenzi yezimayini ye-AGA ibe nemithelela emihle nemibi enhlalweni yezomnotho
yabahlali emiphakathini ekhethiwe. Umthelela wemisebenzi yezimayini ye-AGA emvelweni,
ikakhulukazi kwizinga lamanzi, ikhwalithi yenhlabathi, ukuthuthwa kwendle namazinga
omsindo, kutholakale kukubi, okuholele ezinkingeni ezinkulu zezempilo kubahlali
emiphakathini yezimayini. Njengokunikela olwazini, ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi amalungu
omphakathi (abaphendulayo) bayibona kanjani imisebenzi ye-AGA's CSR njengokufeza isici
esisodwa seGLK (ubukhulu bokusiza) hhayi ukuthi kulungiswe umthelela wemisebenzi yabo
yezimayini emvelweni (ubukhulu bokuziphatha).Ngakho-ke ucwaningo luncoma ukuthi
izinyathelo eziphelele ze-GLK eziqondiswa ngokusebenzisa ukuqondwa kwezinto
ezingenkulu ezingezona zokusiza zithuthukiswe ukuguqula imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile
yezimayini emiphakathini ngokwezomnotho, kwezenhlalo nangokwezemvelo, ikakhulukazi
maqondana nokwanda kwemiphakathi engasebenzi kanye nokufundiswa kwayo. / Maikemišetšo a dinyakišišo tše ke go tseba le go sekaseka bogolo bjo ka bjona Khamphani ya
Moepo ya AngloGold Ashanti (AGA) e kgonnego go phethagatša melawana ya ona ya
maikarabelo a khamphani setšhabeng (CSR) ka mešomong ya yona, ka mokgwa wa go kgatha
tema ga badudi, ka nepo ya go tsenya letsogo go tlhabollo ya go ya go ile ka lefelong leo e
šomelago go lona. Mokgwa wo o hlakantšego mekgwa o šomišitšwe ka mo dinyakišišong tše.
Go dira sampole sehlopha ka fase ga mekgwa ya go dira sampole ka sewelo le go dira sampole
ka maikemišetšo go šomišitšwe go kgetha bobedi baarabi le ditšhaba tšeo di amilwego ke
meepo. Go ile gwa dirwa dinyakišišo go metse ye tshela ka Masepaleng wa Obuasi ka seleteng
sa Ashanti sa Ghana. Dipoledišano tšeo baarabi ba kgathago tema ka go tšona, lenaneo la
dipotšišo tša dinyakišišo, dipoledišano tša dihlopha tšeo di nepišitšwego le mekgwa ya go
lekola bakgathatema e šomišitšwe go kgoboketša tshedimošo. Dinyakišišo di utollotše gore
maitekelo a CSR a AGA a sekasekwa go melawana ye mehlano ye megolo, e lego boikgafo go
maitshwaro a bohlokwa, go obamela ditlhagišo tša melao, sephetho sa ba taolo sa go tšea
dikgato, seabe sa ekonomi le mekgwa ya go kgatha tema. Dinyakišišo di utollotše gore, go fihla
mo go itšego, go rerišanwe le batho ba tikologo ka go phethagatšeng ga ditiro tša CSR tša
AGA. 25.2% ya bona e kgathile tema ka peakanyong le tlhamo ya protšeke, gomme palo ya go
feta 80% e tsebišitšwe pele ga ge diprotšeke di ka thoma. Gape, dipoelo di utolla gore mešomo
ya meepo ya AGA e bile le bobedi diabe tše botse le tše mpe go seemo sa ekonomi sa badudi
ka metseng ye e kgethilwego. Seabe sa mešomo ya meepo ya AGA go tikologo, kudukudu go
boleng bja meetse, go boleng bja mobu, go kelelatšhila le go maemo a lešata, go hweditšwe
gore e bile ao a sego a loka, gomme se ile sa feletša ka mathata a magolo a tša maphelo go
badudi ba ka metseng yeo meepo e lego gona. Bjalo ka seabe go tsebo, dinyakišišo di bontšha
ka fao maloko a setšhaba (baarabi) ba bonago mešomo ya CSR ya AGA e lego yeo e
phethagatšago fela selo se tee sa CSR (e lego ditiro tša go abela setšhaba) e sego go phošolla
seabe sa mešomo ya bona ya meepo go tikologo (e lego ditiro tša maitshwaro). Dinyakišišo ka
fao di šišinya gore magato ka kakaretšo a CSR ao a beilwego go se gwa lebelelwa go abela
setšhaba a phethagatšwe ka nepo ya go phošolla dipoelo tša kakaretšo tšeo di sego tša loka tša
mešomo ya meepo go ditšhaba mabapi le tša ekonomi, tša leago le tikologo, kudukudu mabapi
le go tlhokego ya mešomo ye e golago le go tloša ditšhaba mafelong a tšona. / Development Studies / D. Phil. (Developmental Studies)
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Vliv přírodních zdrojů na vnitrostátní konflikty v mezinárodních vztazích - prodej budoucí kořisti v občanských válkách v Africe / The impact of natural resources on the intrastate conflicts in international relations - sale of booty futures in the African civil warsPazderník, Martin January 2018 (has links)
This master's thesis deals with the potential impact of natural resources on intrastate conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa. The major aim is to investigate the general validity of the resource curse theory and of Ross's hypothesis about selling booty futures in civil wars. The presumed negative influence of both theories is tested on the cases of recent intrastate conflicts in the region, namely in Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo, Liberia and Sierra Leone. However, the main contribution of the thesis is probably the analysis of another case, namely Botswana, which, unlike other countries, appears to be out of the generally valid standards of the resource curse theory, as the only one experiencing long-term positive economic growth. The partial aim of the thesis is also to analyze the Botswana's success in managing natural resources and then to suggest some possible recommendations for other states in the region. The thesis is written in the qualitative approach, particularly in the form of thorough work with academic literature. The research method is the Method of Difference by John Stuart Mill, in its revised form of the Most Similar Systems Design.
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Transitioning Central Appalachia: Understanding Framework Conditions Supporting the Adaptation to New Energy EconomiesJonathan, Norris Allen 11 July 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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