Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The thesis deals with the question of interpretation of narrative works of fiction in regard to what the text refers to (what is usually termed reference). On the work of three differently focused authors (Frege, Ortega y Gasset, Shklovsky) it studies reference pushed aside as a thing unimportant or even impossible in art. Structuralism, developing mainly in France after 1960, supplants these questions with exploring the literalness of literary works and their inner relations, allowing narratology to arise. Subsequently, Paul Ricoeur aims for the synthesis of structuralism and hermeneutics. Approaching literary work as discourse, he distinguishes the "what" and "what about" of works, following Frege's distinction between sense and reference (meaning), while reference of a work is not descriptive. In Time and Narrative he uses the term refiguration instead of reference and emphasizes the temporal aspect of literary work and its reception. The thesis is closed with a brief interpretation of Budapest, a novel by Chico Buarque (2003).

Within the environmental aesthetics literature, there is a noticeable schism between two general approaches to understanding the aesthetic value of nature: the ambient approach and the narrative approach. Ambient thinkers focus on the character of aesthetic appreciation of nature, the way in which one is embedded in multi-sensory environment. These ambient theorists emphasize the importance of those aesthetic experiences that are difficult to articulate. Narrative thinkers argue that aesthetic appreciation of nature is enhanced and enriched by narratives that are relevant to the natural object or environment encountered. Certain narratives – usually those based on scientific knowledge – encourage a depth of appreciation that is inaccessible to those unfamiliar with the narratives. In this dissertation, I attempt to articulate an account of environmental aesthetic experience that does justice to both of these approaches by drawing on the resources of philosophical hermeneutics, and especially on the aesthetic theory of Hans-Georg Gadamer. The most important aspects of Gadamer's work for environmental aesthetics are his phenomenology of play, his revival of practical philosophy, and his emphasis on the interpretive character of all understanding. His discussion of play fleshes out the core of ambient accounts, his focus on interpretation explains the insights of narrative accounts, and the two accounts are tied together by his attention to practice.

Thesis advisor: Richard Kearney / By the 20th century the Confessions had become a “classic” of western civilization, yet it seems to elude any easy explanation and categorization. While scholars of Late Antiquity puzzled over the nature, structure, and meaning of the work, a parallel reception was occurring by some of the most original thinkers across both traditions of Contemporary philosophy, including Ludwig Wittgenstein, Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, Hans Jonas, Karl Jaspers, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Paul Ricoeur, Jean-Francois Lyotard, Jacques Derrida, Jean-Luc Marion, Jean Louis Chrétien and Stanley Cavell. This study will focus on four of these thinkers, Wittgenstein, Gadamer, Ricoeur and Marion, and the ways that the Confessions has influenced their attempts to address fundamental questions on subjects ranging from time and memory to history and hermeneutics, evil and the will, the self and personal identity, language and narrative, conversion, skepticism and materialism, God and onto- theology, and ultimately the very practice of philosophy itself, its autobiographical and especially its confessional character. In turn, this study also asks whether the engagements of these highly original contemporary philosophers can uncover new dimensions of this highly original work that has been read and interpreted throughout a centuries-long history of reception. The hermeneutic wager is that the past illumines the present philosophical terrain, but also that present insights allow us to read a classic text of the past with new understanding. This study will benefit from the interconnected nature of the problems that these writers confront, in their “family resemblance” of shared affinities and marked differences. Chapter One, “Scholarly Engagements: A Problematic Classic,” introduces some of the key interpretive problems which arose in the course of a century of scholarly engagements, including occasion, veracity, composition, and sources of Saint Augustine’s Confessions. Chapter Two “The Early Wittgenstein: Tractatus, Testimony and Confession” discusses the confessional philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein, and the deep affinities he shared with Saint Augustine in his life and his first major work, the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922), despite its reception and use as a foundational for Logical Empiricism and its spirited offspring. Chapter Three: “The Later Wittgenstein: Philosophical Investigations as Philosophical Confession” discusses the influence of Saint Augustine on Wittgenstein’s second major work, the Philosophical Investigations (1953), which uses a quotation from the Confessions as a point of departure for his own philosophical confession of errors and temptations. Chapter Four “Saint Augustine and Gadamer: Hermeneutic Anticipations and Affinities” discusses the hermeneutical insights of Saint Augustine, through the ways he encountered or struggled with texts in the Confessions, as well as through his idea of the “inner word” which would be for Gadamer the foundation of a philosophical hermeneutics. Chapter Five, “Ricoeur: Sin, Time, Memory, and Narrative” discusses Ricoeur’s engagement with Saint Augustine on the question of evil as well as his appropriation of the Augustinian aporia of time from the Confessions as pivotal for his narrative turn. Chapter Six, “Jean-Luc Marion’s Confessions” lays out Marion’s phenomenological unfolding of the Confessions beyond and before metaphysics, offering his reading of six dimensions of the inaccessibility of the self explored by Saint Augustine in the Confessions. This study will conclude by highlighting the themes that have suggested themselves across the many readings of this classic text. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Philosophy.

N.P. van Wyk Louw redefined the context-bound Afrikaans literature and criticism in the thirties to establish a new ‘national’ creative and critical discourse in Afrikaans. The central premise of this study is the correlation between Louw’s conceptualisation of a ‘national’ literature and Paul Ricoeur’s interpretation of utopia. In the essay collections Berigte te velde and Lojale verset (1939) Louw offers a new and confrontational grasp on the established Afrikaans literature and criticism (social and literary) within the context of Afrikaans nationalism. Louw formulates his directives for literature and society in a system of oppositional concepts. The central dualism in as well as the intellectual and structural foundation of his innovative ideas is the conceptualisation of a ‘national’ and ‘colonial’ literature. In accordance with Ricoeur’s oppositional analysis of utopia and ideology (1978a, 1981b, 1986), Louw’s distinction between a ‘national’ and ‘colonial’ literature is investigated in this study as a binary opposition based on the dualism utopia/ideology. The exploration of the ‘national’ literature as utopia and the ‘colonial’ as ideology includes the role of subordinate oppositions, among which are individual/nation and individual/national identity, in the sustaining of this polar structure. The unavoidable conflict between and exclusion of opposing elements are demonstrated by an analysis of the breaks in the reconciliation which Louw tries to effect between the ‘national’ and ‘colonial’ literatures. With reference to Ricoeur and Thompson (1984) the function of power as the common factor in utopia/ideology and the ‘national’/’colonial’ literature is investigated, and the realisation of an element of power in Louw’s critical discourse is explored. Key words: N.P. van Wyk Louw, Paul Ricoeur, binary opposition, Afrikaner nationalism, national literature, utopia, ideology, identity, power

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 426931.pdf: 1662693 bytes, checksum: e8897c806cb58a73c505cedd7503a7f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-16 / A quest?o do sujeito e a sua "crise", a intersubjetividade e o reconhecimento, a ?tica e a sabedoria pr?tica est?o no centro do debate filos?fico contempor?neo e constituem o tema/objeto da presente pesquisa de doutorado. Al?m disso, analisaram-se as liga??es entre o sujeito e a intersubjetividade, tendo em vista o estabelecimento da chamada "pequena ?tica", que foi tecida nas densas p?ginas do "Soi-m?mme comme un autre" de Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005). Observou-se que o sujeito ? constitu?do ao mesmo tempo como leitor e como escritor de sua vida e que a dial?tica da identidade (idem - ipse) expressa a temporalidade pr?pria do ser do homem. Por tal raz?o, a identidade pode ser entendida, narrativamente, como hist?ria de uma vida. Nesse sentido, foi poss?vel verificar, tamb?m, que compreender ? sempre se compreender em face do texto e que n?o h? apropria??o direta de si, o cogito intuitivo ? uma certeza sem verdade. Ainda, existe uma reflex?o sobre a vida moral em todos os seus n?veis, o que permite ao autor estabelecer uma distin??o, embora conceitual, entre ?tica e moral. H? um apelo ? singularidade das situa??es concretas, e ? neste n?vel que reside a sabedoria pr?tica ou, dito de outra maneira, a sabedoria pr?tica ? um retorno ao desejo ?tico, ao fundamento da ?tica, ap?s a passagem pelo conflito normativo. A exig?ncia de uma sabedoria pr?tica surge precisamente no interior da conflitualidade. Cada ser humano est? obrigado a um projeto pessoal inalien?vel que n?o pode atribuir a outro. O ?tico, portanto, ? o que faz refer?ncia ? consecu??o dos fins a que a pessoa se prop?e, mediante os aspectos teleol?gicos da a??o. Em troca, a moral ser? a obedi?ncia a uma norma, a um preceito e a uma lei. Tanto na vida individual quanto na vida coletiva convive-se, realmente, em respeito e em reconhecimento quando se atua em conjunto, e, ainda, ? pela narra??o que o homem percebe a alteridade do outro, ou seja, o outro como um outro si-mesmo ou outro-eu e s? ent?o o homem ? pessoa. O ideal da pessoa ? viver uma vida boa, com e para os outros, em institui??es justas, ideal que se mostra, simultaneamente, ?tico e pol?tico. Assim, a fenomenologia da pessoa, elaborada pelo autor, ? constitu?da com base em quatro premissas centrais: linguagem, narra??o, a??o e vida ?tica. Segundo essa perspectiva, a alteridade est? implicada em um n?vel origin?rio e profundo no processo de constitui??o de si. Assim, a identidade n?o constitui um dado imediato, origin?rio de autodetermina??o do eu, mas o resultado da dial?tica incessante entre o si e o outro. Identificada dessa maneira, a identidade implica um modo constitutivo, modo no qual o reconhecimento da alteridade "conhecer a si-mesmo" para o ser humano significa sempre se reconhecer por meio da media??o da alteridade: signo, s?mbolo, texto, tu, contexto hist?rico de pertencimento, a linguagem e a institui??o. Diante disso, comprovou-se que a proposta ?tica ser? constru?da em di?logo com Arist?teles e Kant. Por fim, o que se evidenciou ? que o autor realiza um referimento expl?cito a Hegel na elabora??o da sua reflex?o sobre a subjetividade, no momento em que afronta o tema da vida ?tica. Para isso, define o conceito de estima de si como uma figura do reconhecimento em sentido estrito e, acentuadamente, hegeliano. Isso possibilitou entender que o reconhecimento ? uma estrutura do si refletindo sobre o movimento que coloca a estima de si versus a solicitude, e esta versus a justi?a. E, ainda, que o reconhecimento introduz a d?ade e a pluralidade na constitui??o mesma do si.

Orientador: Celso Kraemer. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Luci Buff Migliori.pdf: 2095464 bytes, checksum: 395e3de80b3f5c2f867335ee7f3f4baa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-05 / This workpiece develops a cartography of forgiveness dimensions, encompassing the branches of law, ethic, politics, Christian theology and therapy. It takes profit of Paul Ricoeur s and Jacques Derrida s readings. Forgiveness place is a border place that communicates with a variety of domains. Its discussion involves that of guiltiness and reconciliation with past. The thesis intends to analyze the ethical inscription of forgiveness in philosophy, appointing that this issue requires an incursion in the nonphilosophic field. It adopts as a model the work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa, an experience of reconciliation through a conditional amnesty and a new model of restorative Justice. Some applications of forgiveness spirit in law highlight obligation and responsibility relations, supported by the concept of debt and equivalence applied by Justice. They bring the context of the initial debate about crimes against humanity, after the Second World War, and its relations to the Statement of Rights. According to Ricoeur s view, forgiveness inscription lies in the abundance of non-realized evil. Ricoeur s difficult forgiveness equation reveals the dynamics emerging from the disproportion between the height of learned hymn and guiltiness depth, its imputability and the problematic of incapability. Derrida s reflection about the forgiveness and the unforgivable, in the geopolitical scene, explores the ideas of conditional forgiveness, pure forgiveness and circulation between hyperbolical ethic and politics. The public debate upon the interpretation and reach of Amnesty Law in 1979, promulgated under military dictatorship in Brazil, is an opportunity to appreciate the abuse of forgetter and the need of not erasing the facts, even though debt has been broken up / A cartografia de algumas dimensões do perdão no campo jurídico, ético, político, teológico-cristão e terapêutico é desenvolvida neste trabalho, partindo das leituras de Paul Ricoeur e Jacques Derrida, e valendo-se da contribuição essencial de Hannah Arendt para o tema do perdão na política. O lugar do perdão é um lugar de fronteira que se comunica com domínios limítrofes diversos. Sua ampla problemática envolve a da culpabilidade e a da reconciliação com o passado. A tese procura indagar a forma de inscrição ética do perdão na filosofia, mostrando que esta questão demanda a incursão no não-filosófico. Adota como modelo de estudo o trabalho da Comissão de Verdade e Justiça CVR - da África do Sul, instalada por ocasião da ruptura com o regime do apartheid (1995), um momento filosófico privilegiado, que reúne as diferentes perspectivas mencionadas e, assim, a possibilidade de reflexão sobre o perdão, em uma experiência de reconciliação, por meio de uma anistia condicional e um novo paradigma de justiça, o da justiça restaurativa. Uma pequena geografia das aplicações do espírito do perdão na lei aponta relações de obrigação e responsabilidade, tendo como fio condutor o conceito de dívida e uma lógica de equivalência aplicada pela justiça. Coloca o contexto de surgimento da discussão dos crimes contra a humanidade, após a Segunda Guerra, e suas relações com a Declaração de Direitos de 1948. A inscrição do perdão, numa economia de dádiva ou dom, é traçada ante a superabundância de não-sentidos do mal, na leitura de Ricoeur. A economia da redenção é introduzida no plano simbólico e teológico cristão. A equação do perdão difícil, traçada por Ricoeur, revela a dessimetria decorrente da desproporção entre a altura do hino sapiencial e a profundidade da culpa, sua imputabilidade e a problemática da incapacidade e sua superação. A pesquisa do dar e retribuir envolve a revisitação do modelo arcaico e aspectos cerimoniais do dom e do reconhecimento. A reflexão de Derrida sobre o perdão e o imperdoável na cena geopolítica explora as noções de perdão condicional e perdão puro e a circulação entre ética hiperbólica e política. A discussão pública a respeito da interpretação e alcance da Lei de Anistia, promulgada durante a ditadura militar brasileira em 1979, é oportunidade para uma apreciação a respeito dos abusos do esquecimento e a necessidade de não apagamento dos fatos, mesmo que a dívida tenha sido quebrada

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Luis do Nascimento.pdf: 494539 bytes, checksum: 375e68e49c0a2e8583ea62ffc46ec041 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The main objective of this text is to present how concepts derived from Aristotle s ethics theory have been incorporated into Paul Ricoeur s practical philosophy and to raise some potential distances to such appropriation. In order to do so, this study tries to evaluate in which extent the concepts from Aristotle, specifically those described in Nichomachean Ethics, were used by Ricoeur in his ethics of ipseity, which was put together in chapters seven, eight and nine of Oneself as Another / O objetivo central deste texto é mostrar como os conceitos aristotélicos foram incorporados à ética de Paul Ricoeur e apontar alguns possíveis distanciamentos entre a filosofia prática de Aristóteles e a proposição ética de Ricoeur. Para tanto, procuraremos mostrar em que medida os conceitos da ética aristotélica, especialmente aqueles apresentados na Ética a Nicômaco, estão presentes na elaboração da ética da ipseidade de Ricoeur tal qual desenvolvida nos capítulos sétimo, oitavo e nono de O si mesmo como um outro