The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency and amplitude characteristics of vibration exposed to the bicycle and the rider as well as the features of the vibration transmission to the riders&amp / #8217 / body. The findings showed that, vibration transmission to the bicycle and the rider is effective in x-and z axis. As a result of increased roughness, effective frequency range shifted to lower frequencies between 15-30Hz at both saddle and stem. The severity of transmitted vibration to the bicycle was found to be considerably higher in road bike trials (up to 25 ms-2). The frequency range of the vibration exposure of the body parts were in between 0-30Hz and independent of the level of vibration transmission the peak values were within the range of 3-12Hz. As the acceleration magnitude increased depending on road roughness, normalized rms EMG values also increased up to 50% in forearm extensor muscles during MTB trials and in the flexor muscles during road bike trials. With respect to no vibration trials, rms EMG values increased in order to maintain the same force output. Vibration transmission to the body tends to be amplified with increased force production. Transmission values were found to be higher at lower frequencies. Since the magnitude and frequency of vibration is known to have some adverse effects on body functions such as impaired breathing pattern and increased muscle tone, vibration transmitted to the body might be considered to influence the riding comfort, controllability and overall health of the cyclist.

How should a company best allocate its spending between acquisition and retention? Under what condition should a company devote resources and money to analytics? The above questions are just examples of more general issues concerning many companies when managing their customer acquisition and retention programs. To answer the above questions, I will conduct a study on the allocation of financial resources between incentives that target different types of customers, and the allocation of resources between incentives and analytics spending. This research first distinguishes between customers and acquisition, between incentive and price discount, and between acquisition and retention. It then proposes a new concept, “free rider”, in a customer acquisition and retention context. Building on the free-rider concept, two mathematical models are formulated to examine the optimal allocation between acquisition incentive, retention incentive, and analytics spending. Closed-form solutions are reached for both models and the results are interpreted in the context of marketing practice. The conditions leading to different patterns of optimal solutions of analytics spending, acquisition incentives, and retention incentives are discussed. Specifically, the detailed conditions under which the optimal acquisition incentives is zero or non-zero, the optimal retention incentives is zero or non-zero, and the optimal analytics spending is zero or non-zero, are provided. Factors determining the ceiling for acceptable level of cost of analytics are also examined.

The rising statistics of fatal and non-fatal injuries involving an all-terrain vehicle has called for an analysis of the accumulated data from the past years. The analysis has led to the conclusion that in the past years, the fatal and non-fatal injuries have been rising rapidly in spite of the consent decrees which were brought into effect from 1988-1998 by the consumer product safety commission. A necessity to provide increased safety while riding an all-terrain vehicle is recognized. Rollover protective structures which were used with successful results in curbing the injuries on agricultural tractors have been identified as having a potential to serve the purpose. A conceptual design of an automatically deployable rollover protective structure has been dealt with, in the thesis.

Ridsport har hög skadefrekvens, men med förbättrad känsla för ridning skulle fler ryttare klara sig från att falla av hästen, som är den vanligaste skadeorsaken. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om ryttare upplever att feedback från instruktör och häst påverkar deras utveckling av ryttarkänsla/känsla för ridning samt om det finns skillnader i detta avseende mellan professionella ryttare och hobbyryttare. RytRidsport har hög skadefrekvens, men med förbättrad känsla för ridning skulle fler ryttare klara sig från att falla av hästen, som är den vanligaste skadeorsaken. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om ryttare upplever att feedback från instruktör och häst påverkar deras utveckling av ryttarkänsla/känsla för ridning samt om det finns skillnader i detta avseende mellan professionella ryttare och hobbyryttare. Ryttarkänslan har definierats som förmågan att befinna sig över hästens tyngdpunkt, i samma tempo och färdriktning samt att i förväg kunna tolka hästens och sina egna signaler (Larsson, 2011). Studien har utgått från teorier om feedback i skolundervisning (Hattie & Timperley, 2007). Undersökningen har skett genom en webbenkät med 32 frågor, varav 18 formulerats utifrån teorier om feedback i undervisning, riktad till ryttare med Facebook-konto, tre hippologiska tidskrifters webbversioner samt hästföretagare i gruppmail. 587 personer svarade på enkäten, varav 114 som är eller varit professionella ryttare. Resultatet av studien visar att ryttarna anser att feedback fungerar för att utveckla känslan för ridning och även används i ridundervisningen. Samtidigt märks några avseenden där överensstämmelsen är mindre. En slutsats är att feedback från hästen är omedelbar och värdefull, men att effektiv instruktion och diskussion med instruktör/tränare är användbara för att finna lösningar. En annan slutsats är att professionella ryttare har lättare att tillägna sig känslan för ridning genom feedback. / Horseback riding counts a high injury frequency, but with an enhanced feeling for riding, more riders would sustain less falls from the horse, which is the most prevalent cause of injury. The aim of this study is to investigate if horseback riders experience feedback from an instructor and horse to affect their development of feeling for riding, and if there are differences in this aspect between professionals and leisure riders. The feeling for riding has been defined as the ability to stay over the horse's center of gravity, in the same tempo and direction and to anticipate and interpret the horse's and one's own signals (Larsson, 2011). The study has proceeded from theories of feedback in school education (Hattie & Timperley, 2007). The survey has been carried out through a web-based questionnaire covering 32 questions, of which 18 were framed from theories of feedback in education, aimed towards riders with Facebook account, visitors at three horse focussed magazine websites and email to horsebusiness related persons. The questionnaire got 587 respondents, of which 114 are or have been professional riders. The result of the study shows that the riders find feedback to be functional in developing the feeling for riding and that it is also used in riding instruction. However, there are some aspects with lesser congruency. One conclusion is that feedback from the horse is immediate and valuable, but an effective instruction and interactive discussion with the instructor/trainer are applicable to find solutions. Another conclusion is that it is easier for professional riders to apply the feeling for riding through feedback.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of St Andrews, April 2007.

This essay explores the colonial nature of the American road movie, specifically through the lens of how road movies treat the South according to Stuart Hall’s concepts of identity and Edward Said’s on Othering and the colonial gaze. To accomplish this, the essay analyzes the classic 1969 road movie, “Easy Rider”, and the more contemporary parody from 2008, “Harold and Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay.” The thrust of this paper becomes: if a progressive parody of road movies cannot escape the trappings of colonialism “Easy Rider” displays, perhaps the road movie itself is flawed.

La littérature équine comprend peu d’études relatives aux coordinations cavalier-cheval. Ces dernières n’ont été examinées qu’en situations expérimentales sur des durées courtes. Le récent développement des technologies embarquées ouvre de nouvelles perspectives en permettant l’enregistrement combiné des déplacements du cavalier et du cheval durant plusieurs heures. Ce travail de thèse vise, au travers de l'identification de variables macroscopiques, à définir les caractéristiques du couplage cavalier-cheval (CCC) en situation naturelle de course d’endurance. Utilisant les concepts et outils de l’approche des systèmes dynamiques, nos résultats valident une méthodologie permettant d'identifier sur la seule base du CCC les allures et techniques de monte utilisées en compétition d’endurance. Les caractéristiques quantitatives et qualitatives du CCC évoluent différemment tout au long de la course en fonction du niveau d’expertise du couple. Les couples élites présentent une augmentation de vitesse et du pourcentage de petit galop assis alors que les couples expérimentés conservent la même répartition des quatre allures/techniques et les mêmes vitesses. La détérioration de la qualité du couplage observée chez les deux groupes pourrait être attribuée à la fatigue pour les expérimentés alors qu’elle pourrait provenir en partie de l’élévation de la vitesse chez les élites. Cette méthode d’analyse du couplage a fourni les premières observations sur l’influence d’un style de monte émergent sur la performance d’endurance. Nos perspectives visent à développer un dispositif selle-sangle instrumenté permettant l'optimisation du CCC en situation d'entraînement et de compétition. / Equine literature includes only a very limited number of studies related to horse-rider coordination. In addition, these were only investigated in experimental situations limited to a few minutes and during prescribed horse gait and riding techniques. The recent development of mobile technologies offers new perspectives allowing several hours of synchronized horse and rider recordings. This PhD work aims, through some remarkable macroscopic variables, to characterize the horse-rider coupling (HRC) in the various contextual situations of endurance races. Using concepts and tools of self-organizing dynamic system approach, a method was developed and validated to identify, on the sole basis of HRC, horse’s gaits and riding techniques used in endurance competition. This method revealed the emergence of four HRC patterns along endurance race. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the HRC were found to evolve differently throughout the race depending on the expertise level of the dyad. Elite dyads present increases in speed and percentage of sitting canter while advanced dyads maintain the same distribution and averaged speeds for the four horse’s gaits/riding techniques. The reduced quality of the coupling demonstrated by both groups at the end of race may be attributed to fatigue for the advanced dyads while it might also result from the increase in speed for the elite dyads. This method developed for the HRC analysis allowed us to study the influence of an emerging riding style on the endurance performance. Our perspectives in the equestrian domain intend to develop an instrumented saddle-girth device to optimize HRC in both training and competitive situations.

No description available.

Diploma thesis deals with securing of foundation pit of family house in given geological conditions situated in Brno-Kohoutovice. The aim of the thesis is to list possible solutions of securing foundation pits in general and solve this geotechnical problem with an appropriate solution. Static calculations were performed by geotechnical software GEO5.

Diploma thesis deals with securing of foundation pit of family house in given geological conditions situated in Brno-Kohoutovice. The aim of the thesis is to list possible solutions of securing foundation pits in general and solve this geotechnical problem with an appropriate solution. Static calculations were performed by geotechnical software GEO5.