In group work, the sucker-effect is a motivational loss in which effort is reduced due to feeling taken advantage of when other group members intentionally avoid work, known as free-riding. No previous studies on the sucker-effect have investigated moderating factors that can be attributed to the free-rider. The purpose of this study was to explore if agreeable behavior of a free-rider would moderate the sucker-effect, and if so, to what extent. Using an experimental design, students (n = 20) at Södertörn University served as participants. A systematic allocation toone of two conditions was used, the less agreeable and more agreeable. During the experiment a participant and a confederate worked in dyadson a disjunctive cooperative jigsaw puzzle task. The manipulation was the free-riding confederate's level of agreeableness. Self-rated effort andactual performance were measured. Using Mann-Whitney U-tests (α =.05, two-tailed), no significant differences were found in either of thedependent variables. In fact, by and large, no sucker-effect was observed at all. Other than manipulating the confederate's level of agreeableness, the design allowed for much more interaction in the dyads than previous studies on the sucker-effect have. It is discussed whether this interaction might have created an ingroup feeling, leading to the prevention of asucker-effect. In this study it thus seems that the free-rider's level of agreeableness does not moderate the sucker-effect. Also, meaningful interaction between group members might prevent a sucker-effect fromoccurring at all. However, due to the study's small sample size, theseresults are not definitive and should be taken with caution.

Verificar a associação entre acidentes de trabalho com os níveis de carboxihemoglobina apresentados por trabalhadores mototaxistas expostos ao Monóxido de Carbono ambiental na cidade de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Métodos: estudo descritivo, correlacional, de abordagem quantitativa com coleta de dados realizada em duas etapas, em janeiro e julho de 2012 por intermédio de instrumentos aplicados aos trabalhadores selecionados aleatoriamente e que consentiram em participar da pesquisa. Os mototaxistas responderam a este questionário e autorizaram a coleta sanguinea para dosagem dos níveis de carboxihemoglobina nas duas etapas. O projeto foi submetido e aprovado por um Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Após os critérios de seleção, compuseram a amostra 111 mototaxistas. Resultados: os trabalhadores são, em sua maioria, do sexo masculino, com média de 36 anos de idade; renda familiar de três salários mínimos e três dependentes por renda; baixa escolaridade, fumantes, média de trabalho de até cinco anos e carga horária laboral média de 12 horas. No período de seis meses, 28,8% acidentaram-se, com predominância no mês de fevereiro, com 6-10h de trabalho antes do evento acidentário, apresentando escoriações (58,6%) e fraturas fechadas (27,6%) como lesões predominantes, acometendo principalmente os membros inferiores. Quanto aos sintomas de exposição ao monóxido de carbono, a irritabilidade, a diminuição da percepção visual e o cansaço foram os mais encontrados e mais frequentes e os fumantes apresentaram maior significância (p< 0,05), com média de 2/3 sintomas por sujeito. Os níveis de carboxihemoglobina apresentaram a média de 2,3% para os não fumantes e de 5,7% para os fumantes, estando próximos dos valores da normalidade estabelecidos. Após categorização, os fumantes apresentaram significância estatística (p<0,001) para condição não aceitável e razão de chances de 6,5 vezes de estar nesta condição. Nas associações com acidente de trabalho, a carboxihemoglobina numérica apresentou associação positiva com tais acidentes (p<0,001); o tempo de carteira de habilitação para motociclista apresentou forte tendência à ocorrência de acidente de trânsito para o grupo que a possuía até 10 anos. Entre os não fumantes, nas associações com acidentes de trabalho, o sintoma cansaço apresentou associação e entre os fumantes, a cefaleia, a irritabilidade, o cansaço e a taquicardia foram significativos. Para a carboxihemoglobina categorizada, o hábito de fumar e a presença de sintomas mostraram significância. Os não fumantes que apresentam cefaleia, tontura e os fumantes com hiporreflexia, problemas respiratórios, irritação nos olhos, nariz e garganta e náusea, possuem maiores chances de estarem nos níveis não aceitáveis de carboxihemoglobina quando comparados aos que não apresentam tais sintomas. Os resultados mostraram que a exposição ambiental ao monóxido de carbono dos mototaxistas da cidade contribui para a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho entre eles, visto que, a principal variável, nível de carboxihemoglobina, mostrou significância em relação à ocorrência dos eventos acidentários. Conclusão: mototaxistas são trabalhadores que estão cotidianamente expostos à poluição ambiental, ao monóxido de carbono e aos riscos de acidentes. A enfermagem do trabalho, junto à equipe de saúde ocupacional, pode traçar estratégias de proteção para a saúde destes trabalhadores. / To investigate the association between occupational accidents with levels of carboxyhemoglobin of motorcycle taxi riders presented by workers exposed to Carbon Monoxide environment in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Methods: A descriptive, correlational study with quantitative approach to data collection performed in two stages, in January and July 2012 through instruments applied to workers randomly selected and who agreed to participate. The motorcycle taxi riders answered a questionnaire and authorized the collection of blood for measurement of carboxyhemoglobin levels in two stages. The project was approved by a Research Ethics Committee. After the selection criteria, the sample comprised 111 motorcycle taxi riders. Results: The workers are mostly male, with the average age of 36 years; family income of three minimum wages, and three dependents for income, low educated, smokers, working up to five years and an average workload of 12 hours daily. Within six months, 28.8% suffered injured, with predominance in the month of February, with 6-10h at work before the accident happened, presenting abrasions (58.6%) and closed fractures (27.6%) as predominant lesions, mainly affecting the lower limbs. As for symptoms of exposure to carbon monoxide the most frequent were irritability, decreased visual perception and fatigue and the smokers had higher significance (p <0.05), with an average of 2/3 symptoms by subject . Carboxyhemoglobin levels had an average of 2.3% for nonsmokers and 5.7% for smokers and they were close to normal values established. After categorization, smokers showed statistical significance (p <0.001) for condition and not acceptable odds ratio of 6.5 times to be in this condition. In association with work-related accident, the numerical carboxyhemoglobin positive association with such accidents (p <0.001), the number of years they\'ve had a license showed a strong tendency for the occurrence of traffic accidents for the group that had up to 10 years. Among nonsmokers, associations with accidents, the symptom associated was tiredness and among smokers, headaches, irritability, fatigue and tachycardia were significant. For carboxyhemoglobin categorized, smoking and the presence of symptoms were significant. Nonsmokers who have headaches, dizziness and smokers with diminished reflexes, respiratory problems, eye irritation, nose and throat and nausea, are more likely to be unacceptable levels of carboxyhemoglobin compared with those who do not have these symptoms. The results showed that environmental exposure to carbon monoxide motorcycle taxi drivers of the city contributes to the occurrence of accidents at work, since the main variable, level of carboxyhemoglobin, showed significance in relation to the occurrence of labor accident. Conclusion: motorcycle taxi riders are workers who are routinely exposed to environmental pollution, carbon monoxide and risk of accidents. The occupational health nursing, with the occupational health team can come up with strategies for protecting the health of these workers.

À la fois mythique constructeur ou destructeur de Mondes, incarnation du Malin pour l'Église au Moyen-âge, monstre lové sur un trésor au fond d'une grotte, qu'un héros doit tuer pour prouver sa bravoure dans les légendes et les contes, le dragon revient périodiquement exprimer les peurs et les fantasmes les plus profonds. Au XXème siècle, la Fantasy a ramené le dragon en littérature et la Dragon Fantasy récente (DragonLance de M. Weis et T. Hickman comme point de départ en 1984) a fait évoluer son image en lui offrant le rôle de personnage principal ou de héros, contribuant à l'amplification de la figure mythique du dragon et à son renouveau. Le dragon vole, crache du feu, pense, parle, raisonne, se métamorphose, possède des pouvoirs magiques, aime et se bat. Il existe également au féminin. Si le dragon ancien était représenté aux pieds de l'homme, en position d'infériorité d'animal dompté, le dragon de Fantasy se situe dans le ciel, libre et supérieur à l'homme. Il ouvre la voie d'une sagesse ancestrale au dragonnier qu'il se choisit. Les combats des dragons symbolisent les éternelles luttes du Bien et du Mal présentes dans toutes les sociétés humaines et en l'homme lui-même, les forces qui s'affrontent pour le rétablissement de l'ordre et de l'équilibre universel en danger. / A mythic builder or destroyer of Worlds, the embodiment of Evil for the Roman Catholic Church in the Middle Agesd, a monster to kill in order to take its treasure in legends or tales, the dragon periodically comes back expressing one's fears or diseases. Fantasy has brought the dragon back to twentieth century literature and Dragon Fantasy offers him the leading role in fights to keep order and and hold the world balanced. The new dragon, male or female, thinks, speaks, loves, fights, has magical powers, can fly, breathe fire, transform himself/herself. He shows human beings the way to ancestral wisdom.

The critical component of this thesis, “Hitler Comedy”, is a dissertation on the intersection between comedy theory in general, and the specific practice of Hitler comedy. Focusing on Bertolt Brecht’s play The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui (1941; directed by Heiner Müller in 1995), and Dani Levy’s film Mein Führer: the Truly Truest Truth About Adolf Hitler (2007), my argument critiques existing “instrumentalist” theories of comedy as didactic and morally reductive. Moving beyond prevailing conceptualisations of comedy as corrective and/or forgiving, my dissertation emphasises the centrality of pleasure, displeasure and disruption for audience members in the process of their experiencing Hitler comedies. / The creative component of this thesis is a script and a DVD recording of Hitlerhoff, a theatre and multimedia work that combines the characters of Adolf Hitler and David Hasselhoff into a single hybrid figure. Hitlerhoff is a spectacular black comedy that uses comedy to entertain and unsettle, and to disrupt audience members’ expectations. Hitlerhoff is a practical demonstration of the ability of “irresponsible” comedy to act as a potent catalyst for “responsible”, ethically engaged discussions.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis looks closely at three volumes of Tatamkhulu Afrika's poetry (Nine Lives, Dark Rider and Maqabane), to find that his work reflects a deep understanding of South African society and the different forces and conflicts inherent therein. I argue that although Afrika's poetry is presented as a recount of personal experience through the voice of a first person participant and observer, it is more than mere autobiography. This is because his poems resonate further (by means of vividly detailed descriptions, powerful metaphoric images and a mix of varied perspectives) to encompass not only his own life but also the lives and experience of many ordinary South Africans. In particular, his political poetry humanizes the abstractions of political discourse to show the impact that the greater political situation has had on the lives of ordinary South Africans. I conclude by arguing that although Tatarnkulu Afrika's insights are filtered through a moral perspective based on his religious views and his belief in a basic humanity shared by all people, his work cannot be described as "traditionalist" as he constantly unsettles and recasts settled beliefs in an imaginary way. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie thesis bestudeer drie van Tatamkhulu Afrika se digbundels (Nine Lives, Dark Rider en Maqabane) en vind dat sy werk 'n diep insig toon in die verskillende kragte en konflike inherent in die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing. Ek voer aan dat, alhoewel Afrika se gedigte spreek van 'n herlewing van persoonlike ervaring deur 'n eerstepersoonsverteller, dit meer is as blote outobiografie. Dit is omdat die impak van sy gedigte verder uitkring (by wyse van helder gedetaileerde beskrywings, sterk metaforiese uitbeeldings en 'n mengsel van verskillende perspektiewe) om nie net sy eie lewe nie, maar ook die lewens en ervaringe van ander Suid-Afrikaners uit te beeld. Dit is in besonder waar van sy politiese gedigte, waar hy die abstraksies van politieke diskoers humaniseer om te wys hoe die groter politieke situasie 'n impak gehad het op die lewens van gewone Suid- Afrikaners. Ek sluit af deur voor te stel dat alhoewel Tatamkhulu Afrika se insigte gefilter is deur 'n morele perspektief gebasseer op sy godsdienstige oortuigings en sy geloof in 'n basiese menslikheid wat deur almal gedeel word, sy werk nie as "tradisionalisties" beskryf kan word nie, aangesien hy voortdurend geikte tradisionele beskouings bevraagteken en op 'n verbeeldingryke wyse herskep.

This thesis concerns the development of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) through reading a work of postcolonial literature (The Whale Rider by Witi Ihimaera, 2005) in an English class. The theoretical part explains notions such as intercultural communicative competence and culture. It also describes the benefits of reading in ELT. The practical part presents a project consisting of altogether twelve lessons dedicated to reading The Whale Rider. The aim of the project is to support the pupils' development of ICC, make them aware of other English-speaking cultures than just the traditionally presented ones and, last but not least, to develop their language skills. The outcome of the project is, besides the expected raised level of ICC, which is, however, hard to measure, a poster about Maori culture realized by the pupils. KEY WORDS intercultural communicative competence, postcolonial literature, reading, English language teaching, The Whale Rider

Verificar a associação entre acidentes de trabalho com os níveis de carboxihemoglobina apresentados por trabalhadores mototaxistas expostos ao Monóxido de Carbono ambiental na cidade de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Métodos: estudo descritivo, correlacional, de abordagem quantitativa com coleta de dados realizada em duas etapas, em janeiro e julho de 2012 por intermédio de instrumentos aplicados aos trabalhadores selecionados aleatoriamente e que consentiram em participar da pesquisa. Os mototaxistas responderam a este questionário e autorizaram a coleta sanguinea para dosagem dos níveis de carboxihemoglobina nas duas etapas. O projeto foi submetido e aprovado por um Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Após os critérios de seleção, compuseram a amostra 111 mototaxistas. Resultados: os trabalhadores são, em sua maioria, do sexo masculino, com média de 36 anos de idade; renda familiar de três salários mínimos e três dependentes por renda; baixa escolaridade, fumantes, média de trabalho de até cinco anos e carga horária laboral média de 12 horas. No período de seis meses, 28,8% acidentaram-se, com predominância no mês de fevereiro, com 6-10h de trabalho antes do evento acidentário, apresentando escoriações (58,6%) e fraturas fechadas (27,6%) como lesões predominantes, acometendo principalmente os membros inferiores. Quanto aos sintomas de exposição ao monóxido de carbono, a irritabilidade, a diminuição da percepção visual e o cansaço foram os mais encontrados e mais frequentes e os fumantes apresentaram maior significância (p< 0,05), com média de 2/3 sintomas por sujeito. Os níveis de carboxihemoglobina apresentaram a média de 2,3% para os não fumantes e de 5,7% para os fumantes, estando próximos dos valores da normalidade estabelecidos. Após categorização, os fumantes apresentaram significância estatística (p<0,001) para condição não aceitável e razão de chances de 6,5 vezes de estar nesta condição. Nas associações com acidente de trabalho, a carboxihemoglobina numérica apresentou associação positiva com tais acidentes (p<0,001); o tempo de carteira de habilitação para motociclista apresentou forte tendência à ocorrência de acidente de trânsito para o grupo que a possuía até 10 anos. Entre os não fumantes, nas associações com acidentes de trabalho, o sintoma cansaço apresentou associação e entre os fumantes, a cefaleia, a irritabilidade, o cansaço e a taquicardia foram significativos. Para a carboxihemoglobina categorizada, o hábito de fumar e a presença de sintomas mostraram significância. Os não fumantes que apresentam cefaleia, tontura e os fumantes com hiporreflexia, problemas respiratórios, irritação nos olhos, nariz e garganta e náusea, possuem maiores chances de estarem nos níveis não aceitáveis de carboxihemoglobina quando comparados aos que não apresentam tais sintomas. Os resultados mostraram que a exposição ambiental ao monóxido de carbono dos mototaxistas da cidade contribui para a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho entre eles, visto que, a principal variável, nível de carboxihemoglobina, mostrou significância em relação à ocorrência dos eventos acidentários. Conclusão: mototaxistas são trabalhadores que estão cotidianamente expostos à poluição ambiental, ao monóxido de carbono e aos riscos de acidentes. A enfermagem do trabalho, junto à equipe de saúde ocupacional, pode traçar estratégias de proteção para a saúde destes trabalhadores. / To investigate the association between occupational accidents with levels of carboxyhemoglobin of motorcycle taxi riders presented by workers exposed to Carbon Monoxide environment in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Methods: A descriptive, correlational study with quantitative approach to data collection performed in two stages, in January and July 2012 through instruments applied to workers randomly selected and who agreed to participate. The motorcycle taxi riders answered a questionnaire and authorized the collection of blood for measurement of carboxyhemoglobin levels in two stages. The project was approved by a Research Ethics Committee. After the selection criteria, the sample comprised 111 motorcycle taxi riders. Results: The workers are mostly male, with the average age of 36 years; family income of three minimum wages, and three dependents for income, low educated, smokers, working up to five years and an average workload of 12 hours daily. Within six months, 28.8% suffered injured, with predominance in the month of February, with 6-10h at work before the accident happened, presenting abrasions (58.6%) and closed fractures (27.6%) as predominant lesions, mainly affecting the lower limbs. As for symptoms of exposure to carbon monoxide the most frequent were irritability, decreased visual perception and fatigue and the smokers had higher significance (p <0.05), with an average of 2/3 symptoms by subject . Carboxyhemoglobin levels had an average of 2.3% for nonsmokers and 5.7% for smokers and they were close to normal values established. After categorization, smokers showed statistical significance (p <0.001) for condition and not acceptable odds ratio of 6.5 times to be in this condition. In association with work-related accident, the numerical carboxyhemoglobin positive association with such accidents (p <0.001), the number of years they\'ve had a license showed a strong tendency for the occurrence of traffic accidents for the group that had up to 10 years. Among nonsmokers, associations with accidents, the symptom associated was tiredness and among smokers, headaches, irritability, fatigue and tachycardia were significant. For carboxyhemoglobin categorized, smoking and the presence of symptoms were significant. Nonsmokers who have headaches, dizziness and smokers with diminished reflexes, respiratory problems, eye irritation, nose and throat and nausea, are more likely to be unacceptable levels of carboxyhemoglobin compared with those who do not have these symptoms. The results showed that environmental exposure to carbon monoxide motorcycle taxi drivers of the city contributes to the occurrence of accidents at work, since the main variable, level of carboxyhemoglobin, showed significance in relation to the occurrence of labor accident. Conclusion: motorcycle taxi riders are workers who are routinely exposed to environmental pollution, carbon monoxide and risk of accidents. The occupational health nursing, with the occupational health team can come up with strategies for protecting the health of these workers.

The objective of thesis is to design and evaluate suitable foundation pit and in the establishment of multi-functional building on the street Smetanova 19 in Brno. The part of this thesis is also to describe the technological process of implementing the designed constructions and the preparation of relevant design documentation.

No description available.

Title:Preparation of rider on horse from performance level Z to S in dressage Objectives: Compilation of helpful methodologic material, awareness of fundamental value, correct position of the riders sed, choice of good horse, gaits of horses, characteristic performance levels, characteristics and preparation for the degree Z, characterization and preparation for the degree L, characterization and preparation for the degree S. Methods: Analysis of the literature, comparing information targeted in the content of the work of literature, analysis of my own experiences from my riding praxis, analysis of independent observations of horse riders, analysis of experiences from lessons with my riding students, compilation of information into a complete whole and methodological manual. Results: Preparation of methodological material, which may a rider or trainer of horse riding (dressage) use in their training hours. Keywords: dressage, rider, performance stage, horse, gaits of horses, walk, trot, canter, scale of training, exercises in dressage