Magister Legum - LLM / The right to property is a human right guaranteed to all, including women, under various international legal instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights as well as the Maputo Protocol. The right to property is further guaranteed under various Constitutions. However, despite the guarantee to the right to property, many women in Africa are deprived of their property rights.

Indigenous Peoples' Land Rights in Latin America Indigenous peoples' cultures are known for their collective, spiritual, intergenerational relationship to their ancestral lands. Indigenous peoples not only depend on their territories with their subsistence but also with the preservation of their distinct cultures. Lands are, however, a significant factor in the vast human rights violations to which they subject. They are often faced with the dispossession of their traditional lands and the disruption of the ecological integrity of their territories. This also affects their traditional way of life and leads to the loss of their cultures. From the 1980s, indigenous peoples have started reclaiming their rights, which has also been reflected in their position under international law. In 1989, the International Labour Organisation Convention No. 169, the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention was adopted. This Convention anchored significantly higher standards of protection of indigenous peoples' rights to their lands. Above all, it abandoned the patriarchal approach of the International Labour Organisation's Convention No. 107, the Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention. Convention No. 169, moreover, addresses indigenous peoples as 'peoples' rather than 'populations', as was the case in its...

Thesis Purposeful Categorization of Land as an Interference with the Right to Property presents an analysis of the institute of purposeful categorization of land and its specifics on a background of a theoretical thought about the right to property, the right to favorable environment and the collision of two constitutionally guaranteed rights. The purpose of this thesis is to assess current legislation of purposeful categorization of land, including the instruments that are used in relation to it, and to, based on the assessment, identify problematic issues of the legislation and asses the limitation of right to property that the individual instruments related to the institute create. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

De inegável relevância na vida humana, a posse se configura como um dos temas mais controvertidos no âmbito do Direito Civil. Em todos os seus contornos e características, incluindo sua natureza jurídica, terminologia, efeitos e classificações, observamos um debate acirrado e polêmico a seu respeito, o que demonstra o firme interesse dos estudiosos sobre a possessio através dos séculos. Ademais, compete ao aplicador do Direito compreender o fenômeno possessório a partir das premissas e valores constitucionais fundamentais, em especial o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, levando em consideração as mutações sociais e a realidade dos fatos, para que seja possível extrair do ordenamento caminhos efetivos à concretização de uma sociedade justa e solidária, a fim de erradicar a pobreza e diminuir as desigualdades sociais. Neste contexto, de forma prospectiva e adequando os conceitos civilistas à Carta da República, defendemos a aplicação do artigo 1276 do Código Civil também em benefício do ocupante qualificado de imóvel abandonado, de modo a consolidar o domínio em seu favor no mesmo triênio conferido à Administração Pública, garantindo-se então aos menos favorecidos o legítimo acesso à moradia e ao trabalho. Na medida em que o ser humano se constitui no foco de atenção, preocupação e proteção do ordenamento jurídico acreditamos que as exegeses normativas devem concretizar o disposto no artigo 1, inciso III, da Constituição da República, razão pela qual a posse de outrem exercida ininterruptamente sobre bem abandonado merece funcionar como forma de aquisição originária da propriedade imóvel privada no lapso de tempo estatuído no artigo 1276 do Código Civil. / Having undeniable relevance in human life, possession configures as one of the most contentious issues within Civil law. We observe a strained and controversial debate over all of its contours and features, including legal nature, terminology, effects and ratings. That shows scholars strong interest on possession through the centuries. Besides, Law enforcers should understand possessory phenomena taking from the viewpoint of the assumptions and fundamental constitutional values, specially the principle of human dignity, taking into consideration the social changes and the reality of the facts, so as to extract from the Law effective paths to achieving a fair and caring society, aiming at erradicating poverty and reducing social inequality. In this context, prospectively adapting the civilists concepts to the Charter of the Republic, we support the application of the article 1.276 of the Civil Code also to the qualified occupants of the abandoned property, in order to consolidate the domain on their behalf in the same triennium conferred to the public administration, ensuring to disadvantaged people the legitimate access to housing and employment. To the extent that human beings are the focus of attention, concern and protection of the legal system, we believe that normative interpretations must implement the provisions set down in Article 1, section III of the Constitution. Thats why third party possession exercised uninterruptedly over abandoned property deserves recgnition as a form of original acquisition of private property in the lapse of time established in Article 1276 of the Civil Code.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1193110 bytes, checksum: b4fd948d1e979ff40b11f4c4923d0a12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis covers the need to accomplish the fundamental right to property. Therefore, its main goal consists on the role of the State, as the agent responsible for the implementation of the project development by the Federal Constitution of 1988, under which it is contemplated the right to property; task to be undertaken through the implementation of public policies. To achieve its objectives, the method of deductive approach will be used, as well as the analytical, historical and interpretive methods, throughout bibliographic and documental researches. This work will examine the relationship between the should be normative and the social and political be , checking the determinant reasons for the lack of constitutional norms implementation, which enshrine the social rights and establishes the need for positive, constant and progressive state action to achieve these rights . It will also be equally addressed, the national and international legal framework of the right to property , as well as policy instruments established under the Brazilian Law for the materialization of this right. To sum it up, the Brazilian housing policies will be faced and developed by the Brazilian State, focusing on its positive and negative aspects, in order to analyze the exclusion reasons of the low-income beneficiaries from the spectrum of the State actions, based on the necessary assumptions to meet the housing deficit in this population layer. / A presente dissertação gravita em torno da necessidade de concretização do direito fundamental à moradia. Seu objetivo geral consiste na delimitação do papel do Estado como agente responsável pela concretização do projeto desenvolvimentista previsto na Constituição Federal de 1988, em cujo âmbito está contemplado o direito à moradia, tarefa a ser empreendida por intermédio da execução de políticas públicas. Para alcançar seu objetivo, será utilizado o método de abordagem dedutivo, bem assim os métodos analíticos, histórico e interpretativo, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O trabalho analisará a relação existente entre o dever-ser normativo e o ser social e político, averiguando os motivos determinantes da ausência de concretização das normas constitucionais que consagram direitos sociais e estabelecendo a necessidade de atuação positiva, constante e progressiva do Estado para a concretização de tais direitos. Será abordado, igualmente, o quadro normativo nacional e internacional do direito à moradia, bem como estabelecidos os instrumentos políticos previstos na legislação brasileira para a materialização deste direito. Em conclusão, serão enfrentadas as políticas habitacionais desenvolvidas pelo Estado brasileiro, com ênfase nos seus aspectos negativos e positivos, em ordem a analisar os motivos da exclusão da população de baixa renda do espectro de beneficiários das atuações estatais, com base no que serão fixadas as premissas necessárias ao atendimento do déficit habitacional deste estrato populacional.

De inegável relevância na vida humana, a posse se configura como um dos temas mais controvertidos no âmbito do Direito Civil. Em todos os seus contornos e características, incluindo sua natureza jurídica, terminologia, efeitos e classificações, observamos um debate acirrado e polêmico a seu respeito, o que demonstra o firme interesse dos estudiosos sobre a possessio através dos séculos. Ademais, compete ao aplicador do Direito compreender o fenômeno possessório a partir das premissas e valores constitucionais fundamentais, em especial o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, levando em consideração as mutações sociais e a realidade dos fatos, para que seja possível extrair do ordenamento caminhos efetivos à concretização de uma sociedade justa e solidária, a fim de erradicar a pobreza e diminuir as desigualdades sociais. Neste contexto, de forma prospectiva e adequando os conceitos civilistas à Carta da República, defendemos a aplicação do artigo 1276 do Código Civil também em benefício do ocupante qualificado de imóvel abandonado, de modo a consolidar o domínio em seu favor no mesmo triênio conferido à Administração Pública, garantindo-se então aos menos favorecidos o legítimo acesso à moradia e ao trabalho. Na medida em que o ser humano se constitui no foco de atenção, preocupação e proteção do ordenamento jurídico acreditamos que as exegeses normativas devem concretizar o disposto no artigo 1, inciso III, da Constituição da República, razão pela qual a posse de outrem exercida ininterruptamente sobre bem abandonado merece funcionar como forma de aquisição originária da propriedade imóvel privada no lapso de tempo estatuído no artigo 1276 do Código Civil. / Having undeniable relevance in human life, possession configures as one of the most contentious issues within Civil law. We observe a strained and controversial debate over all of its contours and features, including legal nature, terminology, effects and ratings. That shows scholars strong interest on possession through the centuries. Besides, Law enforcers should understand possessory phenomena taking from the viewpoint of the assumptions and fundamental constitutional values, specially the principle of human dignity, taking into consideration the social changes and the reality of the facts, so as to extract from the Law effective paths to achieving a fair and caring society, aiming at erradicating poverty and reducing social inequality. In this context, prospectively adapting the civilists concepts to the Charter of the Republic, we support the application of the article 1.276 of the Civil Code also to the qualified occupants of the abandoned property, in order to consolidate the domain on their behalf in the same triennium conferred to the public administration, ensuring to disadvantaged people the legitimate access to housing and employment. To the extent that human beings are the focus of attention, concern and protection of the legal system, we believe that normative interpretations must implement the provisions set down in Article 1, section III of the Constitution. Thats why third party possession exercised uninterruptedly over abandoned property deserves recgnition as a form of original acquisition of private property in the lapse of time established in Article 1276 of the Civil Code.

The thesis finds that the majority of women affected by HIV and AIDS in South Africa still live in conditions of poor access to health services, inadequate access to housing, limited access to property and live amidst gender-based violence. Nevertheless, there exist legal protections and jurisprudential developments in the country that are significant for the realisation of women’s rights in the context of HIV and AIDS. The thesis concludes that the law is not the ultimate site for change to improve women’s lives, but that applied with other efforts, can be transformative.

The thesis finds that the majority of women affected by HIV and AIDS in South Africa still live in conditions of poor access to health services, inadequate access to housing, limited access to property and live amidst gender-based violence. Nevertheless, there exist legal protections and jurisprudential developments in the country that are significant for the realisation of women’s rights in the context of HIV and AIDS. The thesis concludes that the law is not the ultimate site for change to improve women’s lives, but that applied with other efforts, can be transformative.

Thesis (LLM (Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / 139 leaves printed on single pages, preliminary pages i-ix and numbered pages 1-130. Includes bibliography. / Digitized at 600 dpi grayscale to pdf format (OCR), using a Bizhub 250 Konica Minolta Scanner. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa must address the need for adequate housing. Since democracy in 1994, the government has promulgated a number of acts to achieve the goal of adequate housing for all. These include the Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act (PIE) and the Rental Housing Act (RHA). The problem for the courts is knowing when to apply each act. To reach the goal embodied in the constitutional right of adequate housing for all, the government has invested R18 billion in housing since 1994. Despite this, the need for housing has escalated. The RHA, in which the legislature tried to create a balance between the rights of landlords and tenants, followed. This was done in order to alleviate some of the pressure to ensure access to land, which rests solely on the shoulders of the government. The legislature tried to create a sphere into which private investors would want to invest their money. A number of recent cases dealing with tenants who defaulted on their rentals and the landlord's capacity to effect eviction raised awareness about the existing inadequacies of the law in this particular field. In a Supreme Court of Appeal ruling, the court found that when a landlord wants to evict a defaulting tenant the time-consuming and costly procedure of PIE should be used. The assumption underlying this study is that PIE should not be applicable in cases of evicting a defaulting tenant. The rights and duties of the various parties involved in rental housing therefore need to be examined. The main aim is, however, to ascertain which procedure should be employed when obtaining an eviction order against a party holding over and what the effects are when the most appropriate eviction procedure is not used. A well-regulated relationship would ensure the best balance of interest for the landlord, tenant and the government by creating a market in which a landlord could make money out of letting and more tenants could obtain adequate housing through renting. A further assumption is that the rei vindicatio should be used when having a defaulting tenant evicted. It offers an alternative procedure that does not undermine the objectives of the housing legislation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika ervaar tans 'n probleem met die verskaffing van behuising vir almal. Sedert die land se verwerwing van demokrasie in 1994 het die wetgewer 'n hele reeks wette aangeneem om die probleem op te los, ondermeer die Wet op Huurbehuising en die Wet op die Voorkoming van Onwettige Uitsetting en Onregmatige Okkupasie van Grond (hierna verwys as PIE). Die howe ondervind soms probleme wanneer daar bepaal moet word wanneer 'n spesifieke wet van toepassing behoort te wees en wanneer. Ten spyte van die R18 miljard wat die regering reeds bestee het aan armes sonder huise, het die getal mense wat sonder geskikte behuising woon gegroei. Die wetgewer het deur die promulgasie van die Wet op Huurbehuising gepoog om 'n mark te skep waarin daar behuising verskaf sal word in die vorm van huurbehuising. Terselfdertyd sal die privaatsektor baie nodige geld in die huurmark kan investeer. Onlangse regsspraak in die verband dui daarop dat daar nog baie leemtes bestaan veral met verwysing na uitsetting. Na 'n resente Appelhof beslissing sal die verhuurder van die meer tydrowende en duurder prosedures in PIE gebruik moet maak om 'n persoon uitgesit te kry. Die onderliggende aanname is dat PIE nie van toepassing behoort te wees wanneer 'n verhuurder 'n huurder wat agterstallig is met die huur wil uitsit nie. Die regte van beide huurder en verhuurder word gevolglik bestudeer. Die hoof-oogmerk van die studie is egter om vas te stel watter uitsettingsprosedure die beste sal wees en wat die gevolge sal wees indien die prosedure nie gebruik word nie. 'n Goed gereguleerde huurmark sal sorg dat huurders genoegsame beskerming geniet, dat die verhuurder geld sal kan maak uit die huurmark en dat die regering se druk tot 'n mate verlig word. 'n Verdere aanname is dat die prosedure vir die rei vindicatio die korrekte prosedure is om te gebruik om 'n huurder wat versuim om sy/haar huur te betaal uit te sit. Die rei vindicatio word gevolglik bestudeer en daar word getoon dat die prosedure aansienlik van die van PIE verskil. Dit bied 'n alternatief en is nie van so aard dat dit die behuisings wetgewing se oogmerke belemmer nie.

The present article seeks to approach to the constitutional content of the right of indigenous peoples to their territories, especially the one developed by the Inter American Court of Human Rights, in view of the substantial pronouncements of this important court, its guarantor rights character, and it’s binding to the operators of the justice system of our country character. / El presente artículo intenta aproximarse al contenido constitucional del derecho de los pueblos indígenas sobre sus territorios, de manera especial al desarrollado por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, en atención a los sustanciosos pronunciamientos de este importante tribunal, a su carácter garante de derechos, y de su carácter vinculante para los operadores del sistema de justicia de nuestro país.