Orientadores: Mateus Batistella, Lúcia da Costa Ferreira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T13:01:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Iwama_AllanYu_D.pdf: 19435233 bytes, checksum: 3bf2de5c4f689d0e7ed9b543b12b84e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: As zonas costeiras são áreas potencialmente sujeitas a riscos ambientais, sobretudo no contexto de eventos climáticos extremos. Há uma considerável parcela da população vivendo em zonas costeiras, o que reforça a importância de apontar as situações de risco e vulnerabilidade que as mudanças climáticas trazem para essas regiões. Esta pesquisa tem como principais objetivos: (1) identificar e caracterizar as áreas em situação de vulnerabilidade no litoral do estado de São Paulo, com ênfase no litoral norte, compreendido pelos municípios de Caraguatatuba, Ilhabela, São Sebastião e Ubatuba; (2) avaliar a percepção das pessoas em situação de risco e analisar suas estratégias de adaptação ou enfrentamento [aos riscos a que estão expostas]. A abordagem metodológica foi baseada considerando duas principais escalas, a regional e a local, embasadas por um misto de métodos que envolveu a análise espacial de dados sociodemográficos e do meio físico e a aplicação de questionários estruturados para analisar a percepção da população em situações de risco e o contexto das mudanças climáticas. Os resultados apontam para uma distribuição das áreas de riscos geotécnicos no litoral paulista, com ênfase analítica para a UGRHi-3 (litoral norte de São Paulo), classificada como Muito Alta ou Alta suscetibilidade a escorregamentos ou inundação, sobretudo em áreas de acesso restrito da população aos serviços públicos básicos ou em condições precárias de moradia. Os resultados chamam atenção para situações de vulnerabilidade social, que têm se mantido `contínuas¿ ao longo de dez anos, associadas a um retrato de contraste social e segregação socioespacial, sem uma efetiva intervenção ou ação para reduzir os impactos ante a um perigo iminente de desastre. O que se tem observado são ações remediadoras de pós-evento aos `desastres¿ e suas razões vão desde um quadro insuficiente de equipes de defesa civil para atender toda a extensão dos municípios até uma política institucional voltada mais para ações de reconstrução do que de prevenção. Essa realidade vem sendo modificada com a implementação de políticas públicas orientadas para uma integração de instrumentos de gestão (tais como regras para parcelamento de uso do solo, planos diretores, zoneamento e mapeamento de riscos) que considerem também aspectos das mudanças climáticas. No entanto, essas ações ainda são incipientes. Os resultados desta pesquisa permitem possíveis avanços nas abordagens teóricas e metodológicas ligadas ao tema de vulnerabilidade e adaptação da sociedade diante dos riscos a que está exposta, buscando também contribuir para uma interface com as políticas públicas. Os resultados, em seu conjunto, trazem contribuições como parte integrante do projeto temático "Clima" ¿ Crescimento populacional, vulnerabilidade e adaptação: dimensões sociais e ecológicas das mudanças climáticas no litoral de São Paulo (n.o 2008/58159-7), no escopo do Programa Fapesp de Pesquisa sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais (PFPMCG) / Abstract: The coastal zones are areas of potential environmental risks, particularly in the context of climatic extreme events. A significant portion of the population living in coastal areas, emphasizing the importance of characterizing situations of risk and vulnerability in the context of climate change in these regions. This research project had two main objectives: (1) identify and characterize vulnerable areas on the coast of São Paulo, with focus on the Northern coast (UGRHi-3), by municipalities Caraguatatuba, Ilhabela, São Sebastião and Ubatuba; (2) assess the risk perception of people at risk and to analyze their strategies of adaptation or coping [the hazards/risks they are exposed]. The methodological approach was based on considering two main scales: regional and local levels, based on a combination of methods involving spatial data analysis of the physical and demographic variables and the application of structured questionnaires to analyze the risk perception of the population at risk and context of climate change. The results point out to a distribution of areas of geotechnical risks on the coast of São Paulo, ranked as Very High or High susceptibility to landslides or flooding, especially in areas of restricted access of the population to basic public services or in slums housing conditions. The results called attention to situations of social vulnerability that has remained 'continuous' over ten years, together with a scenario of social contrasts and socio-spatial segregation without an effective intervention or action to reduce the impacts faced with the risk impending disaster. What has been observed is actions post-event to 'disasters' and his reasons ranging from insufficient framework of civil defense teams to meet the full extent of these municipalities by an institutional policy focused on actions for reconstruction than prevention. This situation has been changing with the implementation of public policies for the integration of management tools (such as guidelines for land use, master plans, zoning and risk mapping) and also consider aspects of climate change, however is still incipient. The results of this research supported the research components within the thematic `Clima¿ project - "Population growth, vulnerability and adaptation: social and ecological dimensions of climate change on the coast of São Paulo" (Fapesp 2008/58159-7), in the scope the FAPESP Research Program on Global Climate Change (PFPMCG), allowing possible advances in methods approaches linked to the theme [risks and vulnerabilities] and adaptation of society against the hazards/risks they are exposed. This approach, also sought to contribute to the broader issues of the thematic project from FAPESP, seeking interfaces with public policy / Doutorado / Aspectos Sociais de Sustentabilidade e Conservação / Doutor em Ambiente e Sociedade

Orientador: Roberto Luiz do Carmo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T11:50:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_FrancineModestodos_D.pdf: 5124668 bytes, checksum: e47aef7eca4eeb400c5c3d267d431021 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é estudar as relações entre a dinâmica populacional, a percepção ambiental e as mudanças ambientais em Ilha Comprida, município do Litoral Sul de São Paulo, o qual está sendo fortemente afetado por um processo de erosão acelerada na Ponta Norte que ameaça construções e a população residente nessa área. Com este estudo buscou-se conhecer e analisar como são percebidos e quais ações são realizadas pela população (residente e de veraneio) e pelo governo local para enfrentar a erosão na extremidade norte da Ilha Comprida. A forma como a população percebe e enfrenta os perigos está relacionada ao envolvimento das pessoas com o lugar, que repercute em suas ações de enfrentamento para lidar com os perigos ambientais do município. A percepção ambiental passa por certa diferenciação entre residentes e não residentes, entre alguns componentes da dinâmica demográfica, como sexo, idade e tempo de residência que foram identificados nas categorias de análise da pesquisa. Com este olhar na dinâmica da população, é possível compreender como os perigos ambientais do município são enfrentados pelos sujeitos que os vivenciam. A estratégia metodológica quanti-quali utilizada para caracterizar sociodemograficamente os grupos populacionais expostos aos perigos ambientais da Ilha Comprida e analisar a percepção ambiental da população residente, de veraneio, de gestores e especialistas acerca dos perigos ambientais da área de estudo foi obtida a partir dos dados dos Censos Demográficos (2000-2010) e da realização de entrevistas qualitativas com estes atores sociais. Desse modo, só foi possível alcançar o objetivo da pesquisa estudando a dinâmica populacional desse município e de sua região. A pesquisa empírica proporcionou a compreensão de como se dá a relação entre a população e os fenômenos do ambiente onde estão, como a população conhece os perigos ambientais aos quais está exposta e promove ações de adaptação aos perigos do lugar que ela construiu socialmente. Os resultados indicam que as autoridades governamentais não têm planos de gestão em vigor para lidar com os perigos ambientais atuais e futuros e que as estratégias de enfrentamento ao perigo ambiental da erosão costeira em Ilha Comprida são realizadas principalmente no nível individual e familiar. Há ainda uma resistência tanto da população local para aceitar a realocação como forma de adaptação às mudanças ambientais da Ilha, quanto da gestão local e de órgãos responsáveis pela proteção da área de estudo para gerenciar os problemas ambientais deste ambiente estuarino-lagunar. Desse modo, propõe-se uma ação mais ampla e efetiva que busque conciliar desenvolvimento socioeconômico e proteção ambiental para melhorar tanto a governança ambiental quanto a capacidade adaptativa desse município costeiro e também de outros locais que enfrentam questões ambientais semelhantes às da Ilha Comprida. / Abstract: The objective of this thesis is to study the relations among the population dynamics, the environmental perception and the environmental changes at Ilha Comprida, a municipality from the southern coastline of São Paulo, which is being strongly affected by an accelerated erosion process in Ponte Norte, which is a menace to the constructions and the resident population of this area. The objective of this study was to know and analyze how the local perception is and which actions are being performed by the population (resident and seasonal) and by the government to face the erosion in the northern end of Ilha Comprida. The way the population perceives and faces it is related to the engagement of the people with the place, which impacts in their actions to handle with the environmental hazards of the municipality. The environmental perception goes through the differentiation between residents and non-residents, among some components of the demographic dynamics such as sex, age and years of residence in the area which were identified in the analysis categories of the research. With this view over the population dynamics, it¿s possible to understand how the environmental hazards are faced by the individuals who experience them. The methodological strategy quanti-quali used to characterize socio-demographically the population groups exposed to the environmental hazards at llha Comprida and analyze the environmental perception of the resident population, the seasonal populations, the managers and the specialists concerning the environmental hazards of the area of study was obtained from the data of the Demographic censuses (from 2000 to 2010) and qualitative interviews with this social actors. Thereby, the objective of the research was only possibly achieved by studying the population dynamics of this municipality and its region. The empirical research has provided the understanding of how the relation between the population and the phenomena of the environment where they are works and how the population get to know the environmental hazards which they are exposed to and promote actions of adaptation to the hazards of the place, which they socially brought up. The results indicate that the governmental authorities have no in force management plans to deal with the current and future environmental hazards and the strategies for dealing with this issue of the coastal erosion at Ilha Comprida are mainly carried through the familiar and individual levels. There is also a resistance concerning both the local population, to accept the reallocation as a way of adaptation to the environmental changes of the island and the local management together with the bodies responsible for the protection of the area of study, to manage the environmental issues of this lagoon estuary. Thereby, a more comprehensive and effective plan of action that tries to conciliate socioeconomic development and environmental protection is proposed to improve both the environmental governance and the capacity of adaptation of this coastal municipality, and also other places that face similar issues compared to the ones at Ilha Comprida / Doutorado / Demografia / Doutor em Demografia

No description available.

The research paper presents qualitative research and aims to examine the impact of social media on consumers’ stockpiling behavior under the situation of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Sweden since week 11, 2020. Data is collected by interviewing five middle-aged women in Sweden who are either native Swedes or permanent immigrants and who had experienced stockpiling behavior. The interpretation of collected data is discussed based on the two-step flow theory, risk communication and the theory of planned behavior, and the social contagion theory. The qualitative content analysis is used to analyze the data with the results of three themes: being inclined to reach information, realizing why and when to hoard things, and behavior changes and showing confidence. The five women interviewed all use various social media ways to get information about COVID-19. There is a significant correlation between social media use, risk perception formulation, and stockpiling behavior. Participants have their judgment to look into the authenticity and reliability of related news. They trust the official social media reports, underwent the influence of social media reports, two-way online interaction, and other stockpiling consumers. They also experience the decreasing level of risk perception and thus changes in stockpiling behavior.

Klimatförändringarna är ett av de största hoten mot mänskligheten, och konsekvenserna avklimatförändringarna kommer öka både i omfattning och allvar i takt med att den globalauppvärmningen intensifieras. Detta leder till överhängande risker mot många områden i samhället. För att den globala uppvärmningen ska hållas under 2 °C måste omfattande åtgärder tas till inom en snar framtid. I detta har individer en viktig roll. Hur individer upplever risker är viktigt för att förstå deras reaktioner gentemot dem klimatförändringarna. En majoritet av det svenska folket betvivlar inte längre att klimatförändringarna sker. Däremot finns det fortfarande mycket som måste göras på individnivå, eftersom hushåll i Sverige står för 60 % av nationens totala utsläpp av växthusgaser. Samtidigt argumenteras det för att det finns en ökad press från samhället, både när det kommer till aktivism och engagemang i klimatfrågan. Baserat på brådskan i att mildra klimatförändringarna är målet med den här studien att få en bättre förståelse för hur individer med ett redan uttalat intresse eller engagemang om klimatförändringarna upplever dessa och risker kopplade till dem samt hur deras väg mot ett engagemang har sett ut. Vidare ämnar den även undersöka hur deras syn, enligt desjälva har utvecklats samt hur denna synen tar sig uttryck kognitivt, emotionellt ochbeteendemässigt med hjälp av en narrativ livshistoriemetod. Hoppet är att få en ökad förståelse för de faktorer som har varit viktiga i detta engagemang eftersom det kan skapa inblick i de viktiga komponenter som krävs för att främja medvetenhet om klimatförändringar och engagemang. Resultaten visar att klimatförändringarna uppfattas som en moralisk oro som är starkt sammankopplad med rättvisefrågor. Kritiska händelser har lett till ett ökat medvetande om problemet. När konsekvenserna om klimatförändringarna omfamnats har hoten som uppvisas gentemot objects of care och ens kärnvärderingar triggat känslor, ökat ens risk perception och aktiverat personliga normer som lett till känslor av personligt ansvar. Så småningom har dessa faktorer, tillsammans med andra lett till olika typer av engagemang, vilket många gånger har varit en gradvis process. / Climate change is one of the biggest threats towards humanity, and the consequences of climate change will increase in magnitude and severity as global warming intensifies. This leads to imminent risks to many areas of society. To keep global warming below 2 °C, major mitigation measures will need to occur in the near future. In this, individuals have an important role. How individuals perceive risk are of importance in order to understand their reactions to them. A majority of Swedish people no longer doubt that climate change is occurring. However, there is still a lot to be done on the individual level, as the households in Sweden stands for 60 % of the nation's total greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, it is argued that there is an increased pressure from civil society, both when it comes to public activism and engagement in climate change. Based on the urgency in mitigating climate change, the aim of this study is to better understand how individuals with an interest or engagement in climate change perceives climate change and its associated risks and what their road to engagement has looked like. Furthermore, the aim is to better understand how their view, according to them, has evolved and how this view is expressed cognitively, emotionally, and behaviorally with the help of a narrative life-history method. The hope is to gain an understanding of the factors that have been key in their engagement with climate change, as this can bring insight to important components in fostering climate change awareness and engagement in the issue. Results demonstrate that climate change is perceived as amoral concern, linked to issues of justice. Critical events have led to an increased awareness of these issues. When consequences of climate change are grasped, the threats they pose to valued objects of care and core values triggers emotional responses, raised risk perception and activates personal norms leading to feelings of personal responsibility. Eventually these factors, along with others, have led to different engagements in climate change, which many times have been a gradual process.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第22105号 / 地環博第191号 / 新制||地環||37(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 宇佐美 誠, 准教授 SINGER JANE, 准教授 吉野 章 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

In cognitive entrepreneurship research one main question is: Do entrepreneurs think differently than others in various ways? Especially in the area of risk perception cognition is thought of as information processing. In later streams of cognitive science it has developed from a state where cognition is seen as information processing to a state where cognition is mainly seen as an effective act, where experiences play an important role. We use risk perception as an indicator for information processing and self perception as an indicator for past experience. We found that past experience explains starting a real venture whereas risk information processing explains starting a case study venture.

The aim of this dissertation is to present the issue of legal possession of firearms in the Czech Republic and identify problematic areas within this topic. Dissertation examines whether the current policy of legal possession of firearms is adequate, considering all consequences that this possession brings. Considerable attention is paid to this policy tools and unintended consequences. Dissertation uses the method of desk- research. Within its boundaries content analysis and comparison of available data and documents is made. In the empirical part semi-standardized questionnaire with experts selected from specific areas was conducted as well as a questionnaire survey with license applicants and holders. The main bodies of theory are cultural theory of risk and other heuristics describing distorted risk perception, as well as ethnic security dilemma, which is relevant considering the current threats. Particular empirical support was found, which suggests misperception of risks, when insignificant risks -as driving force for firearms acquisition - are overrated. Firearms holders and applicant are therefore influenced by unfounded fear. Dissertation shows new perspective on the impact of weapons in dealing with emergencies and coexistence with migrants. Examined group of firearms license holders and...

During spring of 2020, the Covid-19-pandemic broke out and gave rise to a greater risk of unemployment due to redundancies and precarious employment. Young people are reported as one of the most vulnerable groups to unemployment during the pandemic. The purpose of the study is to gain deeper knowledge about male and female students' perceptions of risks of unemployment during the Covid-19-pandemic. The purpose is answered on the basis of the following questions; how have students' perceptions of risk regarding unemployment been affected by the Covid-19-pandemic, how do perceptions of risk about unemployment differ between male and female students and what do students define as risk. Previous research indicates that gender influences the perception of risks based on insecurity and vulnerability regarding work, but also physical violence. The theoretical framework used is Furlong & Cartmel's theorizing of individualized risk and the conditions of young people in late modernity, and West & Zimmerman's theorizing of Doing Gender. The survey in form of qualitative interviews shows how the perception of unemployment as a risk has become more apparent individually during the pandemic. The responsibility of the risk for unemployment has been individualized and the interviewees feel that they have to manage risk themselves. Despite that, the students perceive that the consequences of the pandemic are responsible for unemployment instead of individual performance. Unemployment based on the gender aspect shows no significant difference in risk perception between men and women, however, there are preconceived notions that women experience a greater risk of unemployment than men. We concluded that this may be due to the perceived general anxiety of the interviewees, rather than the necessary gender they have. / Under våren 2020 bröt Covid-19-pandemin ut och gav upphov till en större risk för arbetslöshet på grund av varsel och osäkra anställningar. Unga rapporteras som en de mest utsatta gruppen inför arbetslöshet under pandemin. Studiens syfte är att få djupare kunskap om manliga och kvinnliga studenters uppfattningar av risken för arbetslöshet under Covid-19-pandemin. Syftet besvaras utifrån tre huvudfrågeställningar; hur har studenters riskuppfattningar angående arbetslöshet påverkats av covid-19-pandemin, hur skiljer sig riskuppfattningar om arbetslöshet mellan manliga och kvinnliga studenter och vad definierar studenter som risk. Tidigare forskning indikerar på att kön inverkar på uppfattningen av risker utifrån osäkerhet och utsatthet om dels arbete, dels fysiskt våld. Det teoretiska ramverk som använts är Furlong & Cartmels teoretisering om individualiserad risk och ungas förutsättningar i senmoderniteten, samt West & Zimmermans teoretisering om Doing Gender. Undersökningen i form av kvalitativa intervjuer, visar hur uppfattningen av arbetslöshet som risk blivit mer individuellt påtaglig under pandemin. Ansvaret av risken för arbetslöshet har individualiserats och intervjupersonerna upplever att de själva måste hantera risken. Trots detta uppfattar studenter att konsekvenserna av pandemin bär ansvaret för arbetslöshet istället för individuell prestation. Arbetslöshet utifrån könsaspekten visar ingen påtaglig skillnad i riskuppfattning mellan män och kvinnor, däremot finns det förutfattade meningar om att kvinnor upplever större risk för arbetslöshet än män. Vi drog slutsatsen att det kan bero på den uppfattade generella oron hos intervjupersonerna, snarare än vilket kön de har.

Background: Extreme sports are a men-dominated area within sports as most male participants seem to have a lower perception of risk. Over time many motives for doing extreme sports were found. However, the relationship between extreme sports and self-extension was never researched. Purpose: First, this study investigates the relationship between extreme sports and self-extension in women. The focus is specifically on women as no research has been solemnly done on only this gender yet. Second, this study investigates how businesses in the extreme sports industry can improve their communication to reach more women to increase sales. Method: For this study, the qualitative method of semi-structured interviews was considered as most appropriate. The interviews were conducted with 14 participants in total, divided into two groups of 7 participants each. The first group consisted of women in extreme sports and the second group consisted of women not in extreme sports. Conclusion: The analysis shows a crucial connection between extreme sports and self-extension in women and is not only a motive for women to do extreme sports but also an effect resulting from it. Also, other motives were found in this study next to attitudes, requirements, and effects concerning extreme sports. They are all summarized in a new conceptual framework. Furthermore, improvements in communications are mentioned that help companies to better target more women and therefore increase sales based on the developed framework.