<p> <p>&nbsp / </p> </p> <p align="left">In this minithesis the researcher explores the experiences of recipients of the HIV/AIDS peer education abstinence programme at the University of the Western Cape (UWC), with a particular focus on their perceptions of the extent to which, and the manner in which, the programme influenced their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding sexual risk behaviour, HIV and abstinence.</p>

<p>South Africa is overwhelmed by the increase of substance abuse among adolescents. Having consulted the literature, South Africa is not the only country faced with this problem. It raises concerns with regard to the social health of adolescents in this country. In order to develop effective intervention strategies to reduce the wide spread abuse of substances, it is important to first understand how adolescents perceive this problem. In this study the perceptions of boys will be explored with regard, to substance abuse among adolescents. A purposive sampling method was used to select the participants. The eleven participants were interviewed by means of a semi structured interview / an interview guide was applied to collect the relevant information. The goal of the study was to explore the perceptions of boys regarding substance abuse amongst adolescents. After data collection which was indicated by the saturation of the data, the recorded data was transcribed. Transcripts were analysed to determine the emerging themes from the collected data. The main findings of the study were interpreted and discussed according to the themes and sub themes, which were derived from the participants&rsquo / narratives. Based on the research findings, recommendations have been suggested for service providers with regard to substance abuse amongst adolescents.</p>

Risk behaviour amongst adolescents represents a major public health challenge in South Africa particularly when considering the statistics on sexually active youth, adolescent pregnancies, smoking, drinking and drug abuse amongst the youth. Although various reasons can be given to explain this phenomenon, the parent–adolescent relationship has proven to be a huge factor in the prevention of risk behaviour. However, even though the importance of such a relationship has been proven, risk behaviour amongst adolescents still persists. This study specifically looks at the dialogical parent–adolescent relationship and how adolescents who engage in risk behaviour are affected by the relationship and how it can prevent risk behaviour. The content of section A explains the orientation towards the research, the problem rationale and the goals and objectives of the study. The researcher followed a qualitative approach as she tried to obtain an understanding of adolescent risk behaviour and how the nature of the dialogical parent–adolescent relationship could prevent such risk behaviour. Semi–structured interviews were conducted with five girls and three boys who lived in Pretoria, as well as with their parents. The adolescents were between the ages of 14 and 17 and all engaged in risk behaviour. In section B a literature study is given with a brief outline of the methodology that was used. Specific focus falls on the findings of the study. Section C contains the summary, evaluation and conclusions of the overall study. This research was done in order to make recommendations to parents of adolescents who engage in risk behaviour as a possible way to prevent it. This study highlighted how unprepared and uninformed parents were in terms of their parental skills and the needs of their adolescent children. The study also highlighted the need of the adolescents to be validated, and the lack of understanding and warmth in the manner that their parents relate to them. Adolescents still need parental guidance and a sense of belonging. The very poor relationships that exist between parents and adolescents strengthened the researcher’s hypothesis that the adolescents get involved in a range of dubious activities and their parents’ ineffectiveness to intervene and assist their adolescents through these challenging times, may lead to risk behaviour. / Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Risk behaviour amongst adolescents represents a major public health challenge in South Africa particularly when considering the statistics on sexually active youth, adolescent pregnancies, smoking, drinking and drug abuse amongst the youth. Although various reasons can be given to explain this phenomenon, the parent–adolescent relationship has proven to be a huge factor in the prevention of risk behaviour. However, even though the importance of such a relationship has been proven, risk behaviour amongst adolescents still persists. This study specifically looks at the dialogical parent–adolescent relationship and how adolescents who engage in risk behaviour are affected by the relationship and how it can prevent risk behaviour. The content of section A explains the orientation towards the research, the problem rationale and the goals and objectives of the study. The researcher followed a qualitative approach as she tried to obtain an understanding of adolescent risk behaviour and how the nature of the dialogical parent–adolescent relationship could prevent such risk behaviour. Semi–structured interviews were conducted with five girls and three boys who lived in Pretoria, as well as with their parents. The adolescents were between the ages of 14 and 17 and all engaged in risk behaviour. In section B a literature study is given with a brief outline of the methodology that was used. Specific focus falls on the findings of the study. Section C contains the summary, evaluation and conclusions of the overall study. This research was done in order to make recommendations to parents of adolescents who engage in risk behaviour as a possible way to prevent it. This study highlighted how unprepared and uninformed parents were in terms of their parental skills and the needs of their adolescent children. The study also highlighted the need of the adolescents to be validated, and the lack of understanding and warmth in the manner that their parents relate to them. Adolescents still need parental guidance and a sense of belonging. The very poor relationships that exist between parents and adolescents strengthened the researcher’s hypothesis that the adolescents get involved in a range of dubious activities and their parents’ ineffectiveness to intervene and assist their adolescents through these challenging times, may lead to risk behaviour. / Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / In this minithesis the researcher explores the experiences of recipients of the HIV/AIDS peer education abstinence programme at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) / South Africa

Magister Artium (Child and Family Studies) - MA(CFS) / South Africa is overwhelmed by the increase of substance abuse among adolescents. Having consulted the literature, South Africa is not the only country faced with this problem. It raises concerns with regard to the social health of adolescents in this country. In order to develop effective intervention strategies to reduce the wide spread abuse of substances, it is important to first understand how adolescents perceive this problem. In this study the perceptions of boys will be explored with regard, to substance abuse among adolescents. A purposive sampling method was used to select the participants. The eleven participants were interviewed by means of a semi structured interview; an interview guide was applied to collect the relevant information. The goal of the study was to explore the perceptions of boys regarding substance abuse amongst adolescents. After data collection which was indicated by the saturation of the data, the recorded data was transcribed. Transcripts were analysed to determine the emerging themes from the collected data. The main findings of the study were interpreted and discussed according to the themes and sub themes, which were derived from the participants&rsquo; narratives. Based on the research findings, recommendations have been suggested for service providers with regard to substance abuse amongst adolescents. / South Africa

This diploma thesis deals with alcohol policy in relation to risk group of youth. The aim of the thesis is to identify the development and setting of this policy in the Czech Republic. Another objective is to identify strengths and deficits of alcohol policy and to suggest possible improvements based on good example of foreign practice and interviews with experts. The theoretical background is the concept of risk behaviour, the life course perspective and the concept of public health. The methods of desk research and expert survey are used to fulfil the objectives of the thesis. This was realized in the form of semi-structured interviews, which were subsequently analyzed by thematic content analysis. The thesis reveals the failures of alcohol policy at various levels. In the thesis are identified functioning and failing institutions and (based on a good example of foreign practices and experts) a new necessary institution is proposed. There are also shown the causes of alcoholism which has proven to be essential in policy-making proces for youth. In the last part of thesis, experts evaluate nine policy measures, the most suitable of them are the regulation of advertisement, availability and price of alcohol. At the same time, practice of some measures is also shown on specific examples of...

Bakgrund: Riskfyllda sexuella beteenden ökar möjligheten för HIV att spridas och dagens insatser att förebygga smittspridning är oftast inte tillräckliga. Alternativa metoder för att förebygga smittspridningen av HIV behöver undersökas. Motiverande Samtal (MI) har länge använts för att motivera personer i behov av beteendeförändring men få studier belyser MI:s effekt på riskfyllt sexuellt beteende som ökar möjligheten för HIV att spridas. En av sjuksköterskans viktigaste arbetsuppgifter är att främja hälsa och förebygga ohälsa. Denna litteraturstudie undersöker om MI är ett användbart verktyg för sjuksköterskan. Syfte: Att sammanställa tidigare resultat av MI som metod för att förebygga smittspridning av HIV för personer med riskfyllt sexuellt beteende, jämfört med kontrollgrupp utan MI. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie där tio kvantitativa studier granskades och sammanställdes för att svara på syftet. Huvudresultat: 57,1% av utfallsmåtten visade signifikant skillnad i MI som metod för att förebygga riskfyllt sexuellt beteende och förebygga smittspridning av HIV. Framträdande resultat i studierna var att ingen av dem påvisade sämre resultat i utfallsmåtten efter intervention med MI jämfört med kontrollgrupp. Slutsats: MI kan vara en möjlig klinisk metod för att förebygga smittspridning av HIV för personer med riskfyllt sexuellt beteende. Denna studie visar en varierande effekt av MI, dock tyder resultatet på att MI kan ha större inverkan på personers sexuella beteende än sedvanlig rådgivning och utbildning. / Background: Risky sexual behaviours increase the possibility of HIV transmission and the preventive work which is being done today is often inadequate. Alternative methods to those of today needs to be considered to find a way to prevent the transmission of HIV. Motivational Interviewing (MI) has since long been used to motivate people who needs a change of behaviour, but few studies explore the effects that MI could have on risky sexual behaviour that in turn increase the risk for the transmission of HIV. One of the registered nurses most important tasks is to promote health and prevent illness. Aim: To summarize previous results of MI as a method to prevent the transmission of HIV among people with risky sexual behaviour, compared with a control group without MI. Method: A descriptive literary review where ten quantitative studies have been reviewed and summarized to answer the aim. Main findings: 57,1% of the outcome measures showed significant difference in MI as a method for preventing risky sexual behaviour and HIV transmission. Prominent results in the studies were that none of the studies showed worse results in the outcome measures after intervention with MI compared with the control group. Conclusions: MI could be a possible clinical method to prevent HIV transmission among people with risky sexual behaviour. This study shows varying effects of MI, although the results point to that MI could have a greater impact on people’s sexual behaviour than standard counselling and education.

Klamydia ökar bland ungdomar och unga vuxna i Sverige. Eftersom infektionen ofta är asymptomatisk och kan leda till infertilitet är det viktigt att de som utsatts för smitta testar sig. Även ett ökat utövande av säkrare sex är viktigt för att stoppa utvecklingen. En litteraturstudie har gjorts för att kartlägga preventionsinsatser som görs inom området sexuell hälsa och ta reda på hur ungdomar och unga vuxna ser på sexualitet, sexuellt riskbeteende och säkrare sex. Nio vetenskapliga artiklar användes för att få en bild av ungdomskultur och sexualitet. Frågan om säkrare sex präglas enligt litteraturen av subjektiva riskbedömningar, traditionella könsnormer, uppbyggd tillit, ojämlik kommunikation och förhandling kring kondomanvändning samt skam och rädsla. När preventionsstrategier och handlingsplaner som används i Sverige ställs mot detta syns det att modernisering och konkretisering av befintliga metoder behövs för att möta dagens generation ungdomar. / "Chlamydia – where did you get that?" About the increase of Chlamydia among adolescents and young adults and prevention strategies. Chlamydia is increasing among adolescents and young adults in Sweden. It is important that they who have been exposed to the infection are tested for STI because the disease can be asymptomatic and lead to infertility. An increased practise of safer sex is also important to stop the current development. A literature study has been conducted to survey health promoting efforts made in the sexual health area and to find out how adolescents and young adults perceive sexuality, sexual risk behaviour, and safer sex. Nine scientific articles were used to create an image of youth culture and sexuality. The question of safer sex is, according to the reviewed literature, characterized by subjective risk assessments, traditional gender roles, constructed trust, unequal communication and negotiation about condom use and also shame and fear. When the health promoting strategies and plans of action in Sweden are put against this, it is clear that modernization and concretization of existing methods are needed to meet today’s adolescent generation.

TITTLE: Risk behaviour and leisure activities for children before they are placed in Children's home ABSTRACT: Thesis Risk behavior and leisure activities for children they are placed in children's home is oriented on the factors that influence spending time children before they are placed in a children's home and how spend children their time. In the theoretical part of my work dealing with the substitute family care and family preservation. The chaps risk behaviour and leisure time are fundamental. Where I try to focus specific These two parts with regard to children before placed in childrens home. The practical part of this work was founded of visits two childrens homes. Where I studied documentation and did twenty-six interviews with children. The main part is devoted to the presentation of the obtained results, so how children spend their time before they are placed in a children's home. The results are analyzed and possible solutions and recommendations for working with children and families in family preservation.