Šiame magistro darbe išanalizuota Lietuvos eismo įvykių apskaitos sistema, sudaryta iš duomenų rinkimo, įvedimo ir teikimo proceso, kurį atlieka policijos įstaigų darbuotojai. Darbe išsamiai išnagrinėti Lietuvos norminiai dokumentai, reglamentuojantys eismo įvykių apskaitos procesą. Analizės rezultatams apibendrinti yra skurti pirminių veiksmų, duomenų pasiskirstymo ir teikimo bei ikiteisminio tyrimo medžiagos panaudojimo grafiniai modeliai. Taip pat išsamiai išnagrinėtas Europos Sąjungoje atliekamas eismo įvykių apskaitos procesas. Darbe pateiktas eismo įvykių duomenų apskaitos programinės sistemos detalus vertinimas su rekomendacijomis, kaip patobulinti sistemą siekiant užtikrinti išsamesnius, tikslesnius oficialios statistikos eismo įvykių duomenis. Baigiamojo darbo apimtis – 81 psl. teksto be priedų, 19 lentelių ir 13 paveikslų. / In this Master Thesis analysis of Lithuanian road accident management system, which consists data collecting, adding and provision process have been done. Lithuanian normative documents which governs road accident management process are purely explored in this Master Thesis. To generalize analysis results have been created primary respond, data distribution and provision, data usage of pre-trial process graphical models. Also a part of the work reveals detailed analysis of accident data management of European Union countries. In this paper is provided detailed evaluation of road accident data management software system and recommendations to ensure more detailed road accidents data of official statistics by improving system. Master Thesis consists of 81 pages pure text without appendixes, 19 tables and 13 pictures.

Au cours des dernières décennies, la mobilité dans les villes camerounaises a été marquée par la croissance considérable du trafic des motos-taxis, qui constituent désormais le mode de déplacement dominant. La sédimentation actuelle des deux-roues dans la circulation génère des nuisances, des problèmes et des coûts pour la collectivité et les usagers. La conséquence la plus directe provoquée par cette mutation de la mobilité est l’augmentation croissante des accidents. Les motos sont désormais au coeur de violents conflits d’usage sur la voie publique. L’objectif de notre recherche est double, il s’agit d’abord d’améliorer la prise de conscience de l’importance des enjeux et des externalités et, ensuite, de proposer des pistes de réflexion pour favoriser le passage d’une cohabitation conflictuelle à une cohabitation pacifique entre les motos-taxis et les autres usagers de la route. Celle-ci nécessite une réponse urbanistique, pédagogique, sociologique et politique, elle implique une gouvernance et une gestion urbaine appropriée. / During the last decades, daily urban and rural displacements in Cameroonian towns have suffered from an increase of motorcycle taxis in traffic flow. Those taxis are now considered the major mode of urban transport. This current predominance of two-wheelers in the urban landscape generates an explosive growth of pollution, road traffic accidents and public spending. The most direct and profound impact of this mutation is the increase of motorcycle accidents. Motorcycles are consequently the cause of violent conflicts among road users on the public highway. Our research has two goals: the first one is improving people's awareness of what is at stake concerning the motorcycle system and his negative effect in urban mobility, and the second one is giving food for thought in order to improve relations between motorcycle taxis and the other road users. We also want to help find solutions to manage and integrate motorcycles and their commercial use in the city. To do so, we will focus on urban, instructive, sociological and political approaches and on appropriate urban planning.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-04-13T18:18:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Cabrini Pompone.pdf: 2553567 bytes, checksum: b689c2ddbb4e2081574e60b4948820d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-13T18:18:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Cabrini Pompone.pdf: 2553567 bytes, checksum: b689c2ddbb4e2081574e60b4948820d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-27 / Urban areas growth stimulates consumption and, consequently, industrial production. As a result, as the chemicals are consumed by almost all industries, their distribution flow is increasing in cities. By their nature, these products pose risks to society and the environment. Therefore, the intensification of the flow increases the society's exposure to such risks. In this scenario, risk management in the transportation of dangerous products is a topic of academic, public management and managerial concern. The objective of this research is to propose a framework for risk management in the transportation of dangerous products to contribute to urban mobility improvement. The method adopted began with the bibliometric and systematic literature review for the identification of risk factors, mitigation measures and response actions in the transport of dangerous products. These elements made up the theoretical framework analyzed empirically in three case studies of accidents in the transport of dangerous products occurred in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo from 2006 to 2016. Cases were selected due to the repercussions of the accidents, the occurrence of victims and the availability of respondents. Data collection of multiple cases occurred through documentary research, semi-structured interviews and direct observation. The results showed that there is no linear correspondence between risk, mitigation and response: the elements organize themselves in the form of a broad range of risk factors that converges to a smaller and central group of possible incidents, which, again, diverge for a wider range of consequences. In this structure, there are actions that can prevent the risk factors from triggering the incident (mitigation actions) or that the incident unfolds into consequences (response actions). If the unfolding occurs and reaches the environment, remediation actions of impacts (resilience plan) are also necessary. The structure described was well represented by the bow-tie type tool. It was shown that the tool is suitable for risk management in transporting dangerous products. In addition, it was possible to conclude that: (i) for each risk there is at least one associated mitigation; (ii) for each incident, there are different possible responses, depending, in this case, on the accident characteristics; (iii) for inefficient responses, unfolding consequences may occur, requiring resilience measures (iv) there are transversal mitigation actions, such as the training and collection of transport information, that have the potential to mitigate diverse risks; (v) elements in the Brazilian scenario of dangerous products transportation, that were not yet reported in the literature, should be considered in the framework, such as public safety risk (and associated mitigation actions "use of intelligent traffic lights", "improvement of public safety", "use of cargo escort") and financial compensation as a resilience plan action. / O crescimento das áreas urbanas estimula o consumo e, consequentemente, a produção industrial. Com isso, por serem os produtos químicos consumidos por quase todas as indústrias, seu fluxo de distribuição vem aumentando nas cidades. Por natureza, esses produtos oferecem riscos à sociedade e ao meio ambiente. A intensificação do fluxo aumenta, portanto, a exposição da sociedade a tais riscos. Dessa maneira, a gestão de riscos no transporte de produtos perigosos é um tema de preocupação gerencial, de gestão pública e acadêmica. O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor framework para gestão de riscos no transporte de produtos perigosos para contribuir com a melhoria da mobilidade urbana. O método adotado iniciou-se com a revisão bibliométrica e sistemática da literatura para a identificação dos fatores de risco, ações de mitigação e ações de resposta no transporte de produtos perigosos. Esses elementos compuseram o framework teórico analisado empiricamente em três estudos de caso de acidentes no transporte de produtos perigosos ocorridos na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo entre os anos de 2006 e 2016. Os casos foram selecionados pela repercussão dos acidentes, pela ocorrência de vítimas e pela disponibilidade dos entrevistados. A coleta de dados dos múltiplos casos ocorreu por meio de pesquisa documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação direta. Os resultados demonstraram que não há correspondência linear entre risco, mitigação e resposta: os elementos organizam-se sob a forma de um leque variado de fatores de risco que converge para um grupo menor e central de incidentes possíveis, que novamente diverge para um leque maior de consequências. Nessa estrutura, existem ações que podem evitar que os fatores de risco acionem o incidente (ações de mitigação) ou que o incidente se desdobre em consequências (ações de resposta). Caso os desdobramentos ocorram e atinjam o meio, são necessárias, ainda, ações de remediação dos impactos (plano de resiliência). A estrutura descrita mostrou-se bem representada pela ferramenta do tipo bow-tie. A ferramenta construída mostrou-se adequada para gestão de riscos no transporte de produtos perigosos. Ademais, foi possível concluir que: (i) para cada risco há, ao menos, uma mitigação associada; (ii) para cada incidente, há diferentes respostas possíveis, dependendo, neste caso, das características do acidente; (iii) para respostas ineficientes, desdobramentos poderão ocorrer, sendo necessárias medidas de resiliência; (iv) há ações de mitigação transversais, como o treinamento e levantamento de informações sobre o transporte que têm potencial de mitigar riscos diversos; (v) elementos no cenário brasileiro de transporte de produtos perigosos, ainda não relatados na literatura, devem ser considerado no framework, como o risco de segurança pública (e as ações de mitigação “uso de semáforos inteligentes”, “melhoria da segurança pública” e “uso de escolta de carga”) e compensações financeiras como ação do plano de resiliência.

Left-hand drive (LHD) vehicles share higher road accident risks under left-hand traffic because of blind spot areas. Due to low import prices, the number of wrong-hand drive vehicles skyrockets in emerging countries like Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Russia. I identify the causal effect of wrong-hand drive vehicles on road safety employing a new “backward version” of the synthetic control method. Sweden switched from left-hand to right-hand traffic in 1967. Before 1967, however, almost all Swedish vehicles were LHD for reasons of international trade and Swedish customer demand. I match on accident figures in the period after 1967, when both Sweden and other European countries drove on the right and used LHD vehicles. Results show that right-hand traffic decreased road fatality, injury and accident risk in Sweden by approximately 30 percent. An earlier switch would have saved more than 4,000 lives between 1953 and 1966.

Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / The use of communication technologies has brought changes to our daily ways of doing things. Youth use technology for different purposes at different locations. As technology grows everyday with various advantages, its benefits come along with some disadvantages. Road accidents are one of the major problems that South Africa experiences. The focus of this study was to explore the danger of texting and driving and its potentials for road accidents. This research focused on the negative impact of technology, mainly technological distraction, while driving. Broadly, this research looks at the social and cultural impact of texting and mobility, with specific focus on distracted driving. This study is significant in the social analysis of technology use and distraction; this significance is made more important considering that there is very limited study of this social issue in South Africa. The always-available communication culture (such as texting while driving) should be viewed as a problematic phenomenal. For data collection, the researcher conducted a survey with adults and youth drivers to explore the perceptions and attitudes of drivers towards cell phone use, texting and driving. The researcher also conducted roadside observations of drivers to investigate the occurrence of distracted driving due to technology use, and interviews were conducted with Traffic Officers to share their professional experience on observing incidences of texting and driving. The study reveals that technology use, texting and driving is a common problem among young drivers, while adults tend to be more careful and engage less in this activity. Aspect of the findings of the study shows that 60% of drivers report that they have sent a text while driving. Moreover, the study explores ways of curbing cell phone use texting and driving on South African roads. There should be more research on distracted driving and technology use, so that more suggestions on how to curb technology use while driving can be offered

Most knowledge of road accidents patterns derives from datasets. Heightened risk of involvement in road accidents can be shown to be associated with, inter alia, membership of minority ethnic groups and poverty. In addition, males are involved in a greater number of road accidents than are females. Very little work has been done to explain why these patterns should occur or why some places are linked to a greater risk of road accidents for specific groups of road users. This thesis adopts qualitative methodologies to examine reasons for the apparent over-representation in road accidents of Black teenage male pedestrians living in London, an exercise that not only suggests why Black teenagers should be over-represented in datasets but identifies factors that may explain the dynamics behind many accidents in road space. The thesis focuses on the nature of road space as social space, and a road accident as a unique event that is brought into being through an interaction between users as they meet, each user importing his or her own expectations, feelings and interpretations to the experience. Data are used to argue that no one road user independently ‘causes' a road accident and the thesis concludes that an apparently higher rate of road accidents involving Black teenagers is a function of the constructed social space of the road. Rather than anything intrinsic to the individual, the circumstances of a road accident involving a Black teenage pedestrian can reveal many tensions that underpin society. The final chapter proposes a variety of ways of tackling road accidents, concluding that to be effective, road safety programmes should be developed for diverse societies or communities, rather than discrete groups within communities.

El sistema de señalización vial horizontal para carretera convencional es uno de los elementos del equipamiento viario que guarda mayor relación con la seguridad vial. Por ello, la investigación de nuevos materiales y sistemas de aplicación que contribuyan a la mejora de los parámetros físico-ópticos de las marcas viales es vital para el aumento del nivel de servicio de la carretera y, además, para colaborar en la disminución de la siniestralidad en carretera. Por tal motivo, en la presente tesis doctoral se han estudiado las características esenciales de las marcas viales: visibilidad diurna, visibilidad nocturna, resistencia al deslizamiento y durabilidad en busca de la óptima señalización vial horizontal en carretera convencional. Para ello se han desarrollado tres estudios de investigación en tres campos de prueba ejecutados in-situ en distintas carreteras convencionales. En cada uno de ellos se ha evaluado y se han extraído conclusiones que nos han permitido seguir avanzando en la misma línea de investigación a través de los siguientes estudios. En el primer estudio llevado a cabo, se analizaron 81 combinaciones de materiales, aplicadas en el campo de pruebas in-situ nº 1 localizado en la CV-9006 con tipología de travesía, variando el tipo de material base, el material de post-mezclado, sus dosificaciones y los sistemas de aplicación. Para ello se estudiaron los dos parámetros fundamentales: factor de luminancia β y la retrorreflexión RL en seco, para las probetas recién aplicadas, al mes y a los seis meses de antigüedad. Para el segundo estudio se utilizaron materiales y sistemas de aplicación nuevos consiguiendo 14 probetas en cada sentido de circulación, que forman un total de 28 probetas. Éstas fueron ejecutadas in-situ en la CV-8354 y se analizaron los parámetros esenciales de las marcas viales: factor de luminancia β, retrorreflexión RL en seco y coeficiente de rozamiento SRT. El tercer estudio se compuso de 18 combinaciones de materiales para cada sentido de circulación, con un total de 36 probetas, en el campo de pruebas nº 3 de la carretera CV-904. En este caso, los parámetros característicos analizados de las probetas fueron: factor de luminancia β, coordenadas cromáticas (x,y), coeficiente de luminancia en iluminación difusa Qd, retrorreflexión RL en seco, retrorreflexión RL en húmedo y coeficiente de rozamiento SRT para las 36 probetas recién aplicadas, al mes, a los 6 meses, a los 12 meses y a los 18 meses desde su fabricación. Finalmente, tras el análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de todos los parámetros fotométricos que caracterizan las marcas viales, se ha conseguido establecer el sistema de señalización vial horizontal óptimo para carretera convencional y sus pautas de comportamiento a lo largo del tiempo.

Nesta tese é apresentada uma investigação de possibilidades em Inteligência Artificial na detecção de padrões e previsão de acidentes em rodovias. Para tanto, é realizada uma avaliação de diferentes técnicas de Aprendizado de Máquina baseadas em abordagens de agrupamento, classificação e predição de links, com base em dados de acidentes georreferenciados e modelados em estruturas de clustering, árvores (CART) e redes (redes neurais artificiais, redes bayesianas e redes complexas). Os resultados revelaram que as abordagens baseadas em redes complexas possibilitaram a detecção de estruturas de agrupamentos mais robustas, quando comparadas as técnicas tradicionais de clustering, uma vez que consideram na estrutura topológica dos dados conceitos de vizinhança. O agrupamento dos dados proporciona a redução da heterogeneidade das bases de dados, bem como a obtenção de regras de decisão (CART) com maior probabilidade de ocorrência e taxa geral de acerto. A classificação supervisionada da severidade dos acidentes em redes, utilizando as modelagens de redes neurais artificiais e redes bayesianas, permitiu identificar simultaneamente os fatores contribuintes a ocorrência dos acidentes, sejam estes associados ao motorista, as variáveis de infraestrutura viária ou as condições do ambiente. No entanto, por considerar o peso das variáveis utilizadas no processo de modelagem, a classificação por redes bayesianas tende a ser mais realista, sendo menos sensível ao overfitting. Quanto à predição dos acidentes, foi possível pela predição de links utilizando a abordagem de redes complexas bipartidas, identificar alta correlação entre os acidentes preditos e os acidentes observados para uma determinada época. A abordagem proposta é flexível ao número de variáveis necessárias ao processo de modelagem, o que permite a realização de um diversificado número de estudos. No entanto, quando se considera a modelagem simplificada, formada pelas variáveis recomendadas pelo Highway Safety Manual (HSM), da Association of State Highway na Transportation (AASHTO), verifica-se que a predição é mais precisa e acurada, uma vez que esta modelagem considera fundamentalmente variáveis de infraestrutura viária, enquanto que na modelagem geral são consideradas também variáveis ambientais, que são mais variantes no tempo e no espaço. Até o presente momento, o método proposto é o mais adequado para explicar o comportamento e aspectos dinâmicos em ambientes rodoviários. No entanto, a abordagem proposta foi limitada pela quantidade de dados explorados, bem como por anomalias decorrentes a processos de execução de obras no trecho da rodovia em análise. Ademais, pode ser aplicada em problemas de diferentes escalas e para diversos estudos de caso. Portanto, por meio da modelagem de redes bipartidas georreferenciadas é possível não apenas realizar a predição de acidentes em rodovias, como também verificar a variação da acidentalidade viária e os níveis de segurança e desempenho de uma rodovia. / This thesis presents an investigation of Possibilities in Artificial Intelligence in the detection of patterns and prediction of accidents on highways. For this, it is performed an evaluation of different machine learning techniques based on grouping, classification and prediction of links, based on data from georeferenced accidents and modeled on clustering structures, trees (CART) and networks (artificial neural network, Bayesian network and complex network). The results revealed that the approaches based on complex networks enabled the detection of structures of groupings more robust, when comparing traditional clustering techniques, when they consider in the structure topological data neighborhood concepts. The grouping of data provides the reduction of heterogeneity of the database, as well as obtaining decision rules (CART) with the higher probability of occurrence and general rate of hit. The classification supervised of the severity of accidents in networks, using the modelling of artificial neural networks and Bayesian networks, it allowed to simultaneously identify the factors contributing to the occurrence of accidents, whether these are associated with the driver, the road infrastructure variables or the environmental conditions. However, considering the weight of the variables used in the modeling process, the classification by Bayesian networks tends to be more realistic, being less sensitive too overftting. Regarding the prediction of accidents, it was possible to predict links using the approach of complex bipartite networks, to identify high correlation between predicted accidents and accidents observed for a certain time. The proposed approach is flexible to the number of variables necessary for the modeling process, which allows the realization of a diversified number of studies. However, when you consider the \"simplified modelling\", formed by the variables recommended by the Highway Safety Manual (HSM), of the Association of State Highway na Transportation (AASHTO), it is verified that the prediction is more accurate and precise, since this modelling considers fundamentally variables of road infrastructure, while that the \"general modelling\" are considered the also environmental variables, which are more variants in time and space. Up to the present moment, the proposed method is best suited to explain the behavior and dynamic aspects in the environment road. However, the proposed approach was limited by the amount of data explored, as well as by anomalies resulting from processes of execution of works in the stretch of the highway under analysis. Moreover, it can be applied to problems of different scales and for several case studies. Therefore, through the modeling of geo-referenced bipartite networks, it is possible not only to predict accidents on highways, but also to check he variation of road accidents and the safety and performance levels of a highway.

<p>Road safety is a major issue affecting the road sector. Road accidents remain a serious impediment to sustainable human development in many of the developing member countries (DMCs) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Road accidents continue to be an important social and economic problem in developing countries like India. Growth in the number of motor vehicles, poor enforcement of traffic safety regulations, poor quality of roads and vehicles, and inadequate public health infrastructures are some of the road safety problems facing in India. </p><p>The object of this Thesis is to present a status report on the nature of the government policy towards the Activity plans implemented till now and which has to be implemented later for the reduction of road fatalities and for the safe roads, and also giving the guidelines for financing of remedial measures, institutional framework, physical characteristics of the road, traffic control and calming measures, road safety education and enforcement issues. </p><p>The aim of the Activity plans is to analyze the present situation of road safety in India and to indicate main problems in individual sector of the Activity implemented by comparing and taking the examples of some of the ASEAN Region who are successed in implementing in the individual sectors. The effect of the programme to real safety situation is estimated, and further plans could be corrected if it is necessary. Implementation of the goals for the coming years to reduce the number of accidents at maximum extent and give people, the safe and the steady flow of traffic in India. The vision of a tremendous change next 5 to 10 years is based on a big potential for improvement and a joint effort of all involved groups on all levels of traffic safety, centrally coordinated by the National Road Safety Authorities. </p><p>The Action Plan is deliberately divided into 14 key Sectors of activity in broadly the same way as the individual country road safety action plans. The sectors involve many different disciplines and a very wide range of multi sector activities but all are based on applying scientific, methodical approaches to the problem. At the end the thesis gives the recommendations and conclusion for the safe Roads in India</p>

<p>This thesis explored the epidemiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and different aspects of the disorder. Firstly, we investigated the lifetime prevalence of traumatic experiences and PTSD in the general adult population in Sweden and evaluated the impact of different trauma types, trauma frequency, and perceived distress. The results show that traumatic experiences are common and PTSD is not rare; roughly one out of ten traumatic events results in PTSD, with a 5.6% lifetime prevalence. The female/male ratio is 2:1. The risk for PTSD increases considerably with a high trauma-associated emotional impact. The distressing impact of a given trauma appears to be higher in women than in men, indicating an increased vulnerability in women. Secondly, we hypothesized that traffic road accidents (TRA’s) are one of the most prevalent types of traumatic events in Swedish society; therefore, we examined the impact of event and response characteristics associated with TRA’s on PTSD development. The data demonstrate that of those who had experienced a TRA (n=1074, 58.9%), 6.1% reported lifetime PTSD. TRA’s associated with fatal accidents and injury to oneself and related to high distress more than double the risk for PTSD. Thirdly, we compared the relative merits of the DSM-IV’s three-factor solution for PTSD symptoms to alternative models. We found that the symptomatology is equally well accounted for using all factor analytic models as yet presented in the literature; the DSM-IV, we found, provides as good a fit to data as other models. Fourthly, we examined the neurofunctional correlates of PTSD symptoms and whether a treatment-induced (serotonin reuptake inhibitor - SSRI) reduction of PTSD symptoms is associated with altered rCBF during symptom provocation. Our results indicate that PTSD symptoms correlates with areas involved in memory, emotion, attention, and motor control and that SSRI treatment normalizes provocation-induced rCBF in these areas.</p>