A lateralidade consiste na predominância hemisférica do cérebro e foi constada em diferentes animais: em diversos primatas e em camundongos manifesta-se na destreza manual; em baleias, no desgaste mandibular; e em cães, no abanar da cauda. Trinomys yonenagae, popularmente conhecido como rabo-de-facho, é um rato-de-espinho endêmico das dunas de areia fixas à margem esquerda do rio São Francisco (BA) e demonstra habilidade com as patas dianteiras, no manuseio de sementes, e traseiras, no comportamento de cavar. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar se existem traços de lateralidade neste roedor. Investigamos preferência motora através de teste de alcance de sementes, baseado no teste de Collins (16 e 16), e da análise post mortem da diferença entra a massa das patas dianteiras (21 e 21). A lateralidade em atividades de consumo hídrico foi verificada por meio da preferência entre dois bebedouros, conforme o teste de Richter (7 e 7). Analisamos também a preferência ao posicionar a cauda em situações solitárias (5 e 4). Adotamos o grau de lateralidade (GL) como a diferença entre os lados direito e esquerdo, normalizados ao serem divididos pela sua soma. Categorizamos como lateralidade apenas |GL|>0,05 (i.e., diferença de 5% entre os lados). A cauda das é posicionada a maior parte do tempo à direita, resultando em consistente preferência amostral de 41% a mais do que o posicionamento à esquerda. Em nota-se a preferência pelo posicionamento à direita em dois indivíduos e à esquerda em um, sendo os dois restantes sem preferência. No teste de consumo hídrico, nota-se em preferência pelo bebedouro esquerdo, sendo a diferença de preferência deste com o bebedouro direito de 51% (GL=0,51), uma assimetria consistente em 6/7 sujeitos. Em machos, entretanto, a preferência se apresenta pouco consistente, sendo a diferença de preferência entre os bebedouros reduzida a 20% (GL=0,20). Em média não há lateralidade a nível amostral na massa das patas, uma vez que, tanto em quanto em , |GL|<0,05. Ainda, a distribuição de GL na amostra corresponde a uma distribuição normal (Kolmogorov-Smirnov; sig.=0,95 para ; sig.=0,66 para ). Entretanto, em análise individual, entre as 14% apresentam preferência na pata direita e 5% na pata esquerda; entre , 19% preferem a pata direita e 14% a pata esquerda.Os experimentos de alcance de sementes não foram promissores, uma vez que os sujeitos tentam acessar as sementes com o focinho ou cavando a superfície. Concluímos que a lateralidade em T. yonenagae, quando presente, é mais consistente em do que em , sugerindo um dimorfismo sexual na dominância hemisférica da espécie. A preferência por posicionara cauda à esquerda pode atuar como sinal comportamental de gênero entre os rabos-defacho, uma vez que estes não apresentam dimorfismo sexual de massa e as fêmeas têm fase de estro muito curta, não oferecendo diferenças conspícuas entre os sexos. Finalmente, apontamos a necessidade de testes diversos que permitam a investigação da lateralidade em diferentes espécies / Laterality is the hemispheric dominance of the brain and was verified in different animals: in many primates and in mice, the laterality is manifested in the manual dexterity; in whales, there are asymmetries in jaws wear; in dogs, the side by which the tail wags means different signals. Trinomys yonenagae, popularly known as rabo-defacho, is a spiny rat endemic of fixed sand dunes on the left bank of the Rio São Francisco (BA) and presents frontal paws skills in the handling of seeds, and back paws skills in the digging behavior. The objective of this study is to search for laterality evidences in this rodent. We investigated motor preference by seed range test based in Collins (16 and 16), and by post-mortem analysis of the mass difference between the frontal paws (21 and 21). Laterality in water consumption activities was verified by the preference between two water drinkers through Richter test (7 and 7). We also analyze the preferred tail position in solitary situation (5 and 4). We adopt the degree of laterality (GL) as the difference between right and left sides, normalized by being divided by their sum. It was categorized as laterality only |GL|> 0.05 (i.e., 5% difference between the sides). The tail of is positioned most of the time at right, resulting in a sample consistent preference of 41% more than the left position (GL=0,41). In , two animals preferred to place the tail at right, one at left and the other animals do not presents preference in tail placement. In the water consumption test, 6/7 of preferred consistently to use the left drinker before the right one, with an GL mean in the sample of 0,51. The, in turn, had its mean GL reduced to 0,20, as a result of inconsistent preferences. Considering the mass of the frontal paws, there are no laterality in and in, once both| GL | <0.05. The distribution of GL in the samples of paws mass analyses corresponds to a normal distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov; sig = 0.95 for ; sig. = 0.66 for ). However, in individual level analyses, between 14% prefer right paw and 5% the left paw; between , 19% prefer the right paw and 14% left paw. The seeds range experiments were not promising, once the subjects attempt to reach seeds with their snout or by digging the surface. We conclude that laterality, in T. yonenagae, when present, is more consistent in than , suggesting a sexual dimorphism in hemispheric dominance of the species. The preference for place the tail on the left may act as a behavioral sign between rabos-de-facho, once they have no mass dimorphism between the sexes and females presents a brief estrus phase, offering no conspicuous differences between genders. Finally, we point out the need for different tests that allows further investigation of laterality in different species

Background Nurses complete tasks during patient care to promote the recovery, or to maintain the health, of patients. These tasks can be routine or non-routine to the nurse. Non-routine tasks are characterized by unfamiliarity, requiring nurses to seek additional information from a variety of sources to effectively complete the tasks. Nurses’ perception of their problem-solving skills, as characterized by the attributes of personal control, problem-solving confidence, and avoidance-approach style, influences how information is sought. Objectives/Research Questions Guided by the information-seeking behaviour model, this study was designed to: (1) examine how the non-routineness of the task affects nurses’ information-seeking behaviour and the use of accumulated knowledge; and, (2) explore nurses’ perception of their problem-solving abilities. Methods An exploratory cross-sectional survey design was used. A random sample of critical care nurses who worked in a hospital setting were selected from the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) research participant database. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the proposed relationships. Results Avoidance-approach style and, problem-solving confidence did not have a significant relationship with nurses’ information-seeking behaviour. None of the variables explained use of accumulated knowledge (F = 0.902, p > 0.05). Previous training (p = 0.008), Non-routineness of the task (p = 0.018), and Personal control (p = 0.040) had a positive relationship with information-seeking behaviour (Adjusted R2 = 0.136). Implications The study results provide evidence that problem-solving ability, and in particular the attribute of personal control, influences nurses’ information-seeking behaviour during the completion of nursing tasks. They reveal how information is sought from resources, and what specific information resources are necessary to promote access to, and use of, evidence-based information. The results also help direct efforts towards training nurses in issues related to problem-solving and information-seeking by targeting the development of personal control and retrieving evidence-based information.

Background Nurses complete tasks during patient care to promote the recovery, or to maintain the health, of patients. These tasks can be routine or non-routine to the nurse. Non-routine tasks are characterized by unfamiliarity, requiring nurses to seek additional information from a variety of sources to effectively complete the tasks. Nurses’ perception of their problem-solving skills, as characterized by the attributes of personal control, problem-solving confidence, and avoidance-approach style, influences how information is sought. Objectives/Research Questions Guided by the information-seeking behaviour model, this study was designed to: (1) examine how the non-routineness of the task affects nurses’ information-seeking behaviour and the use of accumulated knowledge; and, (2) explore nurses’ perception of their problem-solving abilities. Methods An exploratory cross-sectional survey design was used. A random sample of critical care nurses who worked in a hospital setting were selected from the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) research participant database. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the proposed relationships. Results Avoidance-approach style and, problem-solving confidence did not have a significant relationship with nurses’ information-seeking behaviour. None of the variables explained use of accumulated knowledge (F = 0.902, p > 0.05). Previous training (p = 0.008), Non-routineness of the task (p = 0.018), and Personal control (p = 0.040) had a positive relationship with information-seeking behaviour (Adjusted R2 = 0.136). Implications The study results provide evidence that problem-solving ability, and in particular the attribute of personal control, influences nurses’ information-seeking behaviour during the completion of nursing tasks. They reveal how information is sought from resources, and what specific information resources are necessary to promote access to, and use of, evidence-based information. The results also help direct efforts towards training nurses in issues related to problem-solving and information-seeking by targeting the development of personal control and retrieving evidence-based information.

A lateralidade consiste na predominância hemisférica do cérebro e foi constada em diferentes animais: em diversos primatas e em camundongos manifesta-se na destreza manual; em baleias, no desgaste mandibular; e em cães, no abanar da cauda. Trinomys yonenagae, popularmente conhecido como rabo-de-facho, é um rato-de-espinho endêmico das dunas de areia fixas à margem esquerda do rio São Francisco (BA) e demonstra habilidade com as patas dianteiras, no manuseio de sementes, e traseiras, no comportamento de cavar. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar se existem traços de lateralidade neste roedor. Investigamos preferência motora através de teste de alcance de sementes, baseado no teste de Collins (16 e 16), e da análise post mortem da diferença entra a massa das patas dianteiras (21 e 21). A lateralidade em atividades de consumo hídrico foi verificada por meio da preferência entre dois bebedouros, conforme o teste de Richter (7 e 7). Analisamos também a preferência ao posicionar a cauda em situações solitárias (5 e 4). Adotamos o grau de lateralidade (GL) como a diferença entre os lados direito e esquerdo, normalizados ao serem divididos pela sua soma. Categorizamos como lateralidade apenas |GL|>0,05 (i.e., diferença de 5% entre os lados). A cauda das é posicionada a maior parte do tempo à direita, resultando em consistente preferência amostral de 41% a mais do que o posicionamento à esquerda. Em nota-se a preferência pelo posicionamento à direita em dois indivíduos e à esquerda em um, sendo os dois restantes sem preferência. No teste de consumo hídrico, nota-se em preferência pelo bebedouro esquerdo, sendo a diferença de preferência deste com o bebedouro direito de 51% (GL=0,51), uma assimetria consistente em 6/7 sujeitos. Em machos, entretanto, a preferência se apresenta pouco consistente, sendo a diferença de preferência entre os bebedouros reduzida a 20% (GL=0,20). Em média não há lateralidade a nível amostral na massa das patas, uma vez que, tanto em quanto em , |GL|<0,05. Ainda, a distribuição de GL na amostra corresponde a uma distribuição normal (Kolmogorov-Smirnov; sig.=0,95 para ; sig.=0,66 para ). Entretanto, em análise individual, entre as 14% apresentam preferência na pata direita e 5% na pata esquerda; entre , 19% preferem a pata direita e 14% a pata esquerda.Os experimentos de alcance de sementes não foram promissores, uma vez que os sujeitos tentam acessar as sementes com o focinho ou cavando a superfície. Concluímos que a lateralidade em T. yonenagae, quando presente, é mais consistente em do que em , sugerindo um dimorfismo sexual na dominância hemisférica da espécie. A preferência por posicionara cauda à esquerda pode atuar como sinal comportamental de gênero entre os rabos-defacho, uma vez que estes não apresentam dimorfismo sexual de massa e as fêmeas têm fase de estro muito curta, não oferecendo diferenças conspícuas entre os sexos. Finalmente, apontamos a necessidade de testes diversos que permitam a investigação da lateralidade em diferentes espécies / Laterality is the hemispheric dominance of the brain and was verified in different animals: in many primates and in mice, the laterality is manifested in the manual dexterity; in whales, there are asymmetries in jaws wear; in dogs, the side by which the tail wags means different signals. Trinomys yonenagae, popularly known as rabo-defacho, is a spiny rat endemic of fixed sand dunes on the left bank of the Rio São Francisco (BA) and presents frontal paws skills in the handling of seeds, and back paws skills in the digging behavior. The objective of this study is to search for laterality evidences in this rodent. We investigated motor preference by seed range test based in Collins (16 and 16), and by post-mortem analysis of the mass difference between the frontal paws (21 and 21). Laterality in water consumption activities was verified by the preference between two water drinkers through Richter test (7 and 7). We also analyze the preferred tail position in solitary situation (5 and 4). We adopt the degree of laterality (GL) as the difference between right and left sides, normalized by being divided by their sum. It was categorized as laterality only |GL|> 0.05 (i.e., 5% difference between the sides). The tail of is positioned most of the time at right, resulting in a sample consistent preference of 41% more than the left position (GL=0,41). In , two animals preferred to place the tail at right, one at left and the other animals do not presents preference in tail placement. In the water consumption test, 6/7 of preferred consistently to use the left drinker before the right one, with an GL mean in the sample of 0,51. The, in turn, had its mean GL reduced to 0,20, as a result of inconsistent preferences. Considering the mass of the frontal paws, there are no laterality in and in, once both| GL | <0.05. The distribution of GL in the samples of paws mass analyses corresponds to a normal distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov; sig = 0.95 for ; sig. = 0.66 for ). However, in individual level analyses, between 14% prefer right paw and 5% the left paw; between , 19% prefer the right paw and 14% left paw. The seeds range experiments were not promising, once the subjects attempt to reach seeds with their snout or by digging the surface. We conclude that laterality, in T. yonenagae, when present, is more consistent in than , suggesting a sexual dimorphism in hemispheric dominance of the species. The preference for place the tail on the left may act as a behavioral sign between rabos-de-facho, once they have no mass dimorphism between the sexes and females presents a brief estrus phase, offering no conspicuous differences between genders. Finally, we point out the need for different tests that allows further investigation of laterality in different species

I dagens skola ur en global kontext pekar forskning på att undervisningen i matematiken är väldigt bokbunden. Forskningen visar samtidigt att läroböckerna behandlar rutinuppgifter i stor utsträckning och liten variation av problemlösningsuppgifter som elever får möta i undervisningen. Detta ger inte samma möjlighet till utmaning av alla de matematiska förmågorna hos eleverna. Syftet med undersökningen var att ta reda på vilka möjligheter läroböckerna gav eleverna att möta problemlösning som kunde stödja deras utveckling inom matematiken.  För att få svar på vårt syfte genomfördes en läromedelsanalys av två olika läroboksserier som innehöll sex böcker totalt. Resultatet pekade på att olika läroböcker presenterade problemlösning på olika sätt, vilket gav eleverna olika möjligheter till problemlösning. Studiens resultat visade också på att det fanns en övervägande mängd rutinuppgifter som hindrar eleverna att tillägna sig matematik. Läraren kommer därför vara en viktig funktion för elevernas utveckling av problemlösning, då de har en avgörande roll att frambringa de matematiska problemens fullständiga potential i elevernas utövande kring de matematiska förmågorna. Lärarens val av läroböcker kan vara avgörande för elevernas möjligheter att möta problemlösning, då läraren måste vara medveten om lärobokens begränsningar och potential för att stödja elevernas utveckling inom matematik. / In today's educational context, research indicates that mathematics instruction is heavily reliant on textbooks. At the same time, studies show that textbooks focus on routine exercises and offer limited variation in the problem-solving tasks students encounter in class. This lack of diversity does not adequately challenge all students' mathematical abilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which textbooks provide opportunities for students to engage in problem-solving tasks that support their mathematical development. To address this aim, a textbook analysis was conducted on two different textbook series comprising a total of six books. The results indicated that different textbooks presented problem-solving in varying ways, thereby affording students different opportunities for engaging in problem-solving activities. The study also revealed that there is a predominance of routine tasks, which impedes students' ability to fully acquire mathematical skills. Therefore, the role of the teacher is crucial in enhancing students' problem-solving capabilities, as they are instrumental in unlocking the full potential of mathematical problems in the context of developing students' mathematical competencies. Teachers' choice of textbooks can significantly impact students' exposure to problem-solving, as educators must be aware of both the limitations and potential of textbooks in supporting students' mathematical development.