La propulsion en aviron résulte de la compensation entre la résistance de l’eau sur la coque et l’accroche des pelles dans l’eau. Pour la collecte de brouillard à l’aide de filets, la dynamique de récupération de l’eau résulte des effets de résistance de l’air sur les gouttelettes combinés aux perturbations de l’écoulement au niveau du filet. Dans cette thèse, — centrée sur les interactions fluide/structure — nous avons cherché à optimiser l’efficacité (de la propulsion et de la collecte) du point de vue hydro et aérodynamique. Pour cela, nous nous sommes appuyés sur des expériences modèles (maquettes de bateaux d’aviron, soufflerie à brouillard) permettant de se placer dans des conditions contrôlables en laboratoire et de s’affranchir des biais humain et climatique.Dans la première partie sur l’aviron, nous avons montré quelle était la longueur de rame optimale pour la propulsion. Puis nous nous sommes intéressés à l’effet du déphasage entre les rameurs et avons montré qu’une parfaite synchronisation permet d’obtenir une vitesse maximale. Enfin, nous avons effectué une étude empirique et expérimentale sur les formes (rapport d’aspect et symétrie) de coques optimales. La seconde partie porte sur la collecte d’eau à l’aide de filets à brouillard qui a débuté par une étude de l’impact des gouttes sur une maille (fibre) du filet puis au sein d’un filet complet. Nous avons enfin étudié l’effet de l’élasticité des fibres et du drainage sur la collecte. Cette étude a mis en évidence l’importance des propriétés de mouillage des fibres sur la collecte et la conception des filets. / The rowing propulsion results from the compensation between water resistance on the hull and the attachment of the oars in the water. For fog collection using nets, the dynamics of water harvesting results from the effects of air resistance on the droplets combined with flow disturbances at the net level. In this thesis, - centered on the fluid / structure interactions - we sought to optimize the efficiency (propulsion and collection) from the hydro and aerodynamic point of view. For this, we relied on model experiments (Robot rowing boats, mist wind tunnel) to be placed in controllable laboratory conditions and to overcome human and climatic bias.In the first part on rowing, we showed what was the optimal oars length for propulsion. Then we were interested in the effect of the phase shift between the rowers and showed that a perfect synchronization makes it possible to obtain a maximum speed. Finally, we carried out an empirical and experimental study on the shapes (aspect ratio and symmetry) of optimal hulls. The second part deals with the collection of water using mist nets, which began with a study of the impact of the drops on a mesh (fiber) of the net and then within a complete net. Finally, we studied the effect of fiber elasticity and drainage on collection. This study has highlighted the importance of fiber wetting properties on net collection and design.

Crew race strategy is typically formulated by coaches based on rowing tradition and years of experience. However, coaching strategies are not generally supported by empirical evidence and decision-support models. Previous models of crew race strategy have been constrained by the sparse information published on crew race performance (quarterly 500-meter splits). Empirical research has merely summarized which quarterly splits averaged the fastest and slowest relative to the other splits and relative to the average speed of the other competitors. Video records of crew race world championships provide a rich source of data for those capable and patient enough to mine this level of detail. This dissertation is based on a precise frame-by-frame video analysis of five world championship rowing finals. With six competing crews per race, a database of 75 race-pair duels was compiled that summarizes race positioning, competitive drives, and relative stroke rates at 10-meter intervals recorded with photo-finish precision (30 frames per second). The drive-based research pioneered in this dissertation makes several contributions to understanding the dynamics of crew race strategy and performance: 1) An 8-factor conceptual model of crew race performance. 2) A generic drive model that decomposes how pairs of crews duel in a race. 3) Graphical summaries of the rates and locations of successful and unsuccessful drives. 4) Contour lines of the margins that winning crews hold over the course of the race. 5) Trend lines for what constitutes a probabilistically decisive lead as a function of position along the course, seconds behind the leader, and whether the trailing crew is driving. This research defines a new drive-based vocabulary for evaluating crew race performance for use by coaches, competitors and race analysts. The research graphically illustrates situational parameters helpful in formulating race strategy and guiding real-time decision-making by competitors. This research also lays the foundation for future industrial engineering decision-support models and associated parameters as applied to race strategy and tactics.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to define the coaching leadership behaviors of successful National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I women's rowing coaches. In defining these behaviors, the purpose was threefold: (1) to determine if any relationships exist between successful coaches, the athlete leadership preferences of their team, or the congruency between the leader behaviors with the preferred leader behaviors of the athletes, (2) to understand what these successful coaches believe contributes most to their actual leadership behaviors, and (3) to determine if there is a general consensus among the athletes concerning their coach's leader behaviors, regardless of position on the team. Participants consisted of 168 female collegiate rowers and coxswains and 22 coaches from NCAA Division I institutions. In addition to demographic questions, each coach was asked to complete the Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS) - Coaches' Version and each athlete was asked to complete both the LSS - Preference version and actual Behavior version. In addition to the questionnaire, five coaches were interviewed to supplement the data gathered. Athletes provided information via the surveys to assess their respective coach's leadership behaviors, while also providing information about their own preferred coaching leadership behaviors. Coaches provided a self-assessment of their own coaching leadership behaviors via the survey or via the survey and substantiated through the interview (if they participated in the interview process). The quantitative data were analyzed using a variety of descriptive and bivariate statistics. Demographically, the participants were quite similar, with little variation in age or race and no variation in gender (athletes). After analyzing the data, statistical significance was found using ANOVA for athletes' assessment of their respective coach's behavior based on their team position. Athletes in the 1st eights ranked the coaches higher in social supportive behaviors than did athletes in other boats. The qualitative data were analyzed using guidelines for phenomenological research. Four themes resulted from this data analysis - coaching knowledge, athlete management, shared values, and team engagement. Each of these themes is considered critical to leading successful women's collegiate rowing teams. Further research would prove helpful using a greater number of athletes and a stronger focus on qualitative methods to garner additional data. / Kinesiology

In Old West Norse there is mention of an Arctic skin and osier boat, which was paddled with Old West Norse (húð)keipr, diminutive keipull, formed on Germanic *kaip- ’bend, unfold’ according to the construction method. In East Norse there was a corresponding wooden boat, e.g. Swedish själ-myndrick, formed on mynda verb ‘paddle’ (&lt; Primitive Norse *mundian ‘aim at a certain goal, take aim’). In the provinces south of this verb’s area of distribution there occurs instead svepa verb ’paddle’ (&lt; Primitive Germanic *swaipōn ‘swing’). The earliest instances of Nordic rowing navigation are found in Norway and Denmark. Instances of rowing in the Baltic area are found on some picture stones from about the 6th century. But oarlocks with a grommet were probably used already for the steering oar in the paddled boats of the Bronze Age. An early oarlock (with a grommet) is that made of a goose-necked piece of wood, Old Swedish hār, Old West Norse hár (&lt; *hanhu-, *hanha- ‘branching, fork of a branch’) and Old West Norse keipr (&lt; *kaip- ‘something with a crooked or bent (-back) shape’. The word hár exists as a first element in Old Swedish hā-band ‘oar-loop’, Old West Norse há-bora ‘oar-port’ etc. Old West Norse keipr ‘oarlock’ has no ancient compounds. East Nordic hamna (&gt; Finnish hamina), Old Danish hafnæ (Old Frisian hevene) and West Nordic hamla (Faroese homla, Old English hamele, hamule) ‘oar-loop’ occurred early on the oarlock with a grommet; hamna may be a derivation of the stem in Primitive Norse *haƀan verb ‘hold (fast)’, alternatively *hafna- ‘clasp something’; hamla derives from a Germanic *hamilōn with the meaning ‘bridling band’. Centrally in the Nordic area hamna (Danish havne) and hamla ‘oar-loop’ were also used denominatively with the meaning ‘row pushing in a hamna/hamla (oar-loop)’. In addition there is the Swedish dialectal sväva (~ sveva, svävja) ‘row (back, break etc.) with pushing rowing’ and in the group of older verbs for rowing there is East Swedish hopa &lt; Primitive Norse *hōƀian ‘fix one’s eyes upon a certain goal (in the distance)’. With word formations on Germanic *þulna- ‘wooden plug’ there arose from the Middle Ages and in the North Sea countries a new terminology for the oarlock: Norse tull, toll ‘oarlock with a thole pin’. Even younger concepts are tullgång ‘oarlock with two thole pins’, årklyka, årgaffel ‘oar crutch’. A distinctive trait of Old Swedish hār and hamna, Old West Norse hár and hamla and keipr and other common words for the oarlock is in these words the shift of meaning ‘oarlock of a specific kind’ &gt; ‘almost any kind of oarlock’. Finally, the question arises whether or not the word svear of a tribe by Lake Mälaren could be tied to the paddling through a connection to the stem of the verbs svepa and sväva. / <p>Ingår även i serie: Studier till en svensk dialektgeografisk atlas, 8</p>

Title of the thesis: Training on rowing machine. Aims of the thesis The aim of this work is to prove the influence of training on a rowing machine on the performance and body composition of a performance rower and two recreational athletes. Method of work The method of direct observation (participation in training sessions) and indirect observation method (training diaries) were used in this thesis. The training took place both on the rowing machine and in the gym and it also included additional sports. It lasted for two months with the focus on improving the riding technique and improving performance. Each subject underwent training at the specified doses. VZ also had a larger number of training units in the gym where he focused on strength training to ride a rowing machine. The MV had training activities evenly distributed among the rowing machine, gym and complementary sports. The TŠ subject was more of a complementary sport and devoted the rowing trainer to the least of the involved subjects. The training on the rowing machine was expertly controlled by the trainer and the trainings including the training plan set by him. The technique was evaluated expertly by the trainer. The Concept II rowing machine was used for training as well as all measurements. Endurance, speed and power were evaluated...

The proposed leisure center building Rowing Club bellows is located in southern part of the Brněnské přehrady between section Rakovec and Kozí horka. The building stands on existing club Lodní sporty Brno in the parcel čp. 1236. The idea of building is a ship sailing on the mainland, whose sails it look like waves. Student accommodation is designed to the second, third and fourth floor. Restaurant and administrative facilities connected to the terrace is designed in the basement. In the first underground floors are designed locker rooms, athletic facilities, kitchen and in the second underground floors is designed rowing pools and rowing boatyards connected to the ground. On the eastern side is a wooden rack tribune. Roads and pavements around the building are designed with simplicity and function.

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of lung volume at the catch position to force and power outputs during single maximal effort strokes in rowing. Responses were compared when the participants were ‘fresh’ and following specific inspiratory muscle fatigue (IMF). In addition, a single subject pilot study was performed to characterise the changes in intra-thoracic (ITP), intra-abdominal (IAP) and trans-diaphragmatic (Pdi) pressures during a 30 second maximal effort piece on a rowing ergometer. Methods: Nine male rowers of international standard participated in the research. Static force, as well as the power produced during a single stroke were assessed at residual volume (RV), 25%TLC, 50%TLC, 75%TLC, total lung capacity (TLC), and a self-selected lung volume (S-S). Lung volumes were derived from maximal flow-volume loops (MFVLs) and achieved using online real-time feedback. Inspiratory muscle fatigue (IMF) was induced by breathing against an inspiratory load equivalent to 80% baseline maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), at a breathing frequency (fB) of 15 breaths per minute, and a duty cycle of 0.6. Expiration was unimpeded. The single subject pilot study was undertaken using balloon catheters to measure ITP, IAP, and Pdi during a 30 second maximal effort free-rating piece on the ergometer. Results: There was no significant effect of lung volume upon either force or power production. The RMF protocol induced a significant reduction in MIP (159.9 ± 70.8 vs. 106.8 ± 58.7 cmH2O; p = 0.000), but not maximal expiratory pressure (MEP; 159.9 ± 79.2 vs. 166.6 ± 53.0 cmH2O; p = 0.376). RMF induced a significant reduction in force output with increasing lung volume, across all lung volumes (mean force 1313.4 ± 31.9 vs. 1209.6 ± 45.0N; p < 0.008), but not power (mean power 598.6 ± 31.9 vs. 592.7 ± 45.0W; p > 0.05). Self-selected lung volumes were consistent across all tests for force and power (mean 38.1 ± 6.9% [Force] vs. 28.2 ± 0.6% [Power]; p > 0.017). The pilot study indicated that internal pressures fluctuate markedly during maximal effort rowing (pressure, [max, min, average] cmH2O; IAP [144.69, 7.46, 73.59], ITP [75, -22.65, 15.34], Pdi [111.84, 7.09, 58.83]), suggesting that the trunk muscles play an active role in power production during rowing. Conclusion: The present study suggests that there is no significant effect of lung volume on force or power when athletes are in a fresh condition. However, a decrement in force production is present with inspiratory muscle fatigue. Combined with evidence of high internal pressures during maximal effort rowing, these data may indicate a role for the inspiratory muscles in force production during rowing.

Das Untersuchungsziel bestand in der Klärung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit als zusätzliche Belastungsgröße im Krafttraining und als Objektivierungsgröße der Schnellkraft- und Schnellkraftausdauerfähigkeit in der Leistungsstruktur von Ausdauersportarten am Beispiel des Ruderns. Die theoretischen Annahmen und der Untersuchungsverlauf bestätigten die Relevanz einer strikten Unterscheidung zwischen biomechanischer Meßgröße (Geschwindigkeit) und der Fähigkeit (Schnelligkeit), um trainingsmethodische Fehlschlüsse zu verhindern. Als zusätzliche Belastungsdosierungsgröße im bereits bestehenden Kennziffernsystem des Krafttrainings erwies sich die Steuerung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit als eine wesentliche Leistungsreserve. Mit der zusätzlichen Objektivierung und Aussteuerung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit im Krafttraining erreicht die Hauptbelastungskennziffer Kraft die höhere Qualität Leistung, wodurch eine Steigerung der mechanischen Leistungsabgabe bzw. der muskelmechanischen Antriebsleistung und damit der Bewegungsleistung erfolgt. Die Differenzierungen im Kraftanstiegsverhalten zyklischer Anforderungen entsprechen analog den Erscheinungen azyklischer Bewegungen wie dem Schnellkraftindex (Werchoschanski/Tatjan 1975), der Explosiv- und Approximationskraft (Schmidtbleicher 1980) oder dem Kraftgradienten, werden aber gegenwärtig nicht im Krafttraining von Ausdauersportarten objektiviert, quantifiziert oder gar direkt gesteuert bzw. trainiert. Präzisiert für das Rudern und damit relevant für die Kraftausdauersportarten insgesamt sind die Schnellkraftausdauer und die Schnellkraft als Fähigkeit zur Kraftentfaltung in den funktionell relevanten Phasen der Einzelzyklen bis zum Erreichen der Maximalgeschwindigkeit, oder allgemeiner, als qualitative Ausprägungen des Kraftanstiegverhaltens zyklischer und azyklischer Basiskraftfähigkeiten (Kraftausdauer- und Maximalkraftfähigkeit) zu definieren / The aim of this investigation was to clarify the velocity of movement as an additional parameter of the load in strength training and as a parameter of objectivity of the power ability and the power endurance ability in the performance structure of endurance events by way of example of rowing. The theoretical assumtions and the investigations affirm the relevance of a strict differentiation between biomechanic data (velocity) and the ability (speed) in order to prevent misinterpretations in the methodology of training. The control of the velocity of movement as an additional parameter of the load dosage within the existing system of data in the strength training has proven to be an essential reserve of performance. Due to the additional objectivity and control of the movement-velocity the strenght as a major parameter of load reaches a higher quality meaning power. Thus an increase of the mechanic power or of the muscle-mechanic drive and so of the power of motion is reached. The differentiations within the force-time-path of cyclic demands are in accordance with the phenomina of non-cyclic movements such as the power-index (Werchoschanski/Tatjan 1975), the explosive strenght and the approximation strenght (Schmidtbleicher 1980) or of the gradient of force. But these phenomina are not properly regarded in the strength training of endurance events. Relevant to rowing and therefore to the strength endurance events as a whole the power endurance and the power capacitys to exert a force on the functionally relevant phases of the monocycles till the point of maximum velocity, or more generally said, the qualitative shaping of the increase of force of cyclic and non-cyclic basis-strength-abilitys (strength endurance and maximum strength abilities) are to defined.

A desordem temporomadibular em atletas da modalidade do remo é uma temática ainda pouco abordada na literatura, muito embora se tenha conhecimento que a biomecânica do gesto esportivo possa provocar dores lombares, fratura de costela devido ao estresse, além de dores cervicais provenientes do desprendimento de força, para atingir grande velocidade e manutendo o equilíbrio por um longo tempo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar, por meio da baropodometria dinâmica, a ação da placa oclusal estabilizadora associada ao exercício terapêutico de movimento mandibular em atletas remadores diagnosticados como portadores de desordem temporomandibular (DTM). Estudos prévios demonstram que um dispositivo intraoclusal (placa oclusal estabilizadora) tem ação significante sobre o sistema de manutenção do equilíbrio corporal na postura estática. Trinta indivíduos remadores apresentaram-se como voluntários com queixa de dor, sendo 10 deles (40% homens e 60% mulheres), com idade entre 24 e 35 anos foram diagnosticados com DTM por meio do preenchimento do questionário RDC/TMD e de exame clínico. O presente estudo piloto foi caracterizado por ser um ensaio clínico, randomizado, controlado, prospectivo e de intervenção. Imediatamente após aplicação do questionário e do exame clínico, todos os indivíduos realizaram testes de baropodometria estática e dinâmica. Após esta etapa, realizou-se a randomização dos grupos por meio de software online gratuito (www.random.org) que determinou os integrantes do grupo controle, denomindado de Grupo Exercício (GE) e grupo teste denominado de Grupo Placa (GP). Ambos os grupos receberam orientação para a realização do exercício terapeutico de movimento mandibular. Definidos os integrantes do GP, foram realizados agendamento para a realização da etapa de confecção da placa oclusal. Os grupos foram monitorados por 12 semanas e após este período foram reavaliados segundo os mesmos parâmetros da etapa inicial. A análise estatísitca foi realizada utilizando o modelo ANOVA (normalidade e homoscedasticiodade),teste T-Student e teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon. Os resultados apresentaram significância estatística na redução da dor e aumento da amplitude articular da articulação temporomandibular (ATM) no GP (p<0,05). Não foi observada significância estatísitica na análise da pressão plantar dinâmica, justificado pelo fato da insuficiência do número de invidíduos da amostra. Concluiu-se que o uso da placa oclusal foi eficaz no tratamento da DTM pela redução do quadro doloroso, entretanto, uma amostragem maior se faz necessária pra a verificação da integração entre sistema estomatognático e postural na dinâmica da marcha. / Temporomadibular joint disorder (TMJD) in rower athletes has still few studies over this theme, where the biomechanics of athletic gesture points can produce low back pain, rib stress fractures and cervical pain as resulting from power requirement to obtain high speed and body balance for repeatedly long period exercises. The aim of this study was to analyze through dynamic plantar pressure the effects of occlusal splint and therapeutic exercise of mandibular movement in rowers diagnosed as suffering from TMJD. Previous studies have shown that the occlusal splint has significant action to keep the system of body balance in standing position. 30 rower athletes came as volunteers with pain symptoms, and 10 individuals, 40% men ande 60% women, aged between 24 and 35 years, were diagnosed with TMJD through completion of the RDC/TMD questionnaire and clinical examination. The research was performed by a randomized controlled prospective clinical study besides intervention. Immediately after the questionnaire application and clinical examination, all individuals performed tests of static and dynamic baropodometry. After this procedure, the groups were randomized by using a free online software (www.random.org) which determined the members of control group, named Exercise Group (EG) and test group called Oclusal Splint Group (OSG). Both groups received guidance for performing only therapeutic exercise of mandibular movement. The OSG were scheduled for the completion of preparation stage for occlusal splint. All groups were monitored for 12 weeks and after this period were evaluated according to the same parameters of the initial step. Statistic analysis was performed by using ANOVA model (normal and homoscedasticity), t-Student test and Wilcoxon nonparametric test. The results showed statistical significance to pain relief and increase of amplitude range of jaw joint in OSG (p < 0.05). No statistical significance was observed in the analysis of dynamic plantar pressure, justified by insufficient statistic population. In conclusion the use of occlusal splint was effective in the treatment of TMJD to pain relief, however, a larger sampling is necessary to verify the integration among stomatognatic system, posture and and gait dynamics analyzes.