Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-165). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-125). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:40:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo_Angelo_Campagnolo_Tese.pdf: 1684601 bytes, checksum: 7d8cd2292fa6fc82327c95726712008f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the first chapter, the objective of the present research was to quantify the rizogenic potential of stems and root cuttings of blackberry cultivars, collected in different times, cold storage and treated with indolbutyric acid. In the first experiment, roots and stems cuttings of Tupy blackberry were collected close to it hibernal prune and accomplished in the following times: 07/06, 22/06, 08/07, 22/07, 06/08 and 20/08 of 2009. Already in the second experiment, half of the stems and roots cuttings of Tupy blackberry were submitted to cold storage for 30 days and the other amount of cuttings were placed directly for rooting. The whole cuttings were treated with different concentrations of indolbutyric acid (IBA): 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000mg L-1 for 10 seconds. In the third experiment, roots cuttings of Choctaw , Ébano , Guarani , Arapaho , Brazos , Cherokee , Comanche , Caingangue , Tupy and Xavante blackberry cultivars. It can be concluded that the roots cuttings presents better results, owing cold storage and without IBA, but there is difference of propagation potential among blackberry cultivars. In the second chapter, the objective of the present work was to quantify the production of cultivars of black and redberry trees in the West region of Paraná. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four blocks and twelve treatments (cultivars of blackberry trees Arapaho , Xavante , Ébano , Comanche , Caingangue , Choctaw , Tupy , Guarani , Brazos , Cherokee and the redberry tree). Brazos presented the highest yield estimated. The Brazos, Guarani and Tupy cultivars enabled the production of higher mass fruits, that is, Tupy presented good balance between the soluble solids and acidity. The red currant tree presented a high fruit yield. In the third chapter, the objective of this study was to quantify the production of raspberry cultivars in western Paraná. The study was conducted in the Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four blocks and seven treatments (red raspberry cultivars Heritage , Autumn Bliss , Batum , Polana , the yellow raspberry Fall Gold , the black raspberry and hybrid between raspberry and blackberry Boysenberry ). The raspberry Rubus idaeus not adapted to the climatic conditions of West Paraná. On the other hand, the black raspberry is demonstrated excellent option for cultivation with high productivity and quality of its fruit. In the fourth chapter, the objective of this research was to evaluate the pruning time effects at season production of Tupy blackberry. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four blocks and six treatments (pruning time by fifteen days during the winter pruning). Pruning made in early July are the most suitable and late pruning can harm the productive performance of blackberry Tupy in western Paraná. In the fifth chapter, the objective of this study was to investigate the adoption of different pruning as an alternative for production of blackberries in the subtropics areas in Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with eight blocks and three treatments (conventional pruning, summer pruning drastic and drastic pruning in winter). The drastic pruning summer facilitates the conduct of blackberry, providing an alternative for the production of blackberries in the subtropics areas / No primeiro capítulo, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o enraizamento de estacas caulinares e radiculares de cultivares de amoreira-preta, coletadas em diferentes épocas, armazenadas a frio e tratadas com AIB. No primeiro experimento, estacas radiculares e caulinares da amoreira-preta Tupy foram coletadas no momento da poda hibernal, realizada nas seguintes épocas: 07/06, 22/06, 08/07, 22/07, 06/08 e 20/08 de 2009. Já no segundo experimento, metade das estacas caulinares e radiculares da mesma cultivar foi armazenada a frio por 30 dias e a outra metade das estacas foi colocada diretamente para enraizar. Todas as estacas foram tratadas com diferentes concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (AIB): 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 e 4000mg L-1 por 10 seg. No terceiro experimento, foram coletadas estacas radiculares das cultivares Choctaw , Ébano , Guarani , Arapaho , Brazos , Cherokee , Comanche , Caingangue , Tupy e Xavante na poda realizada no dia 22 de junho do ano seguinte. As estacas foram armazenadas a frio por 30 dias e não foi realizado tratamento com AIB. Pode-se concluir que as estacas radiculares apresentam melhores resultados, devendo ser armazenadas a frio e não tratadas com AIB, mas há diferença do potencial propagativo entre os cultivares de amoreira-preta. No segundo capítulo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi quantificar a produção de cultivares de amoreiras-pretas e vermelha na região Oeste do Paraná. O trabalho foi realizado no município de Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e onze tratamentos (cultivares de amoreiras-pretas Arapaho , Xavante , Ébano , Comanche , Caingangue , Choctaw , Tupy , Guarani , Brazos , Cherokee e a amoreira-vermelha). Brazos apresentou a maior produtividade estimada. As cultivares Brazos, Guarani e Tupy possibilitaram a produção de frutos de maior massa, sendo que a Tupy apresentou bom equilíbrio entre os sólidos solúveis e acidez. A amoreira-vermelha apresentou elevada produção de frutos. No terceiro capítulo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi quantificar a produção de cultivares de framboeseiras na região Oeste do Paraná. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e sete tratamentos (cultivares de framboeseiras vermelhas Heritage , Autumn Bliss , Batum , Polana , da framboeseira amarela Fall Gold , da framboeseira negra e do híbrido entre amora e framboesa Boysenberry ). As framboeseiras Rubus idaeus não se adaptaram as condições climáticas do Oeste paranaense. Por outro lado, a framboesa negra se demonstrou uma excelente opção de cultivo, com alta produtividade e qualidade de seus frutos. No quarto capítulo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da época de poda na produção da amoreira-preta Tupy . O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e seis tratamentos (podas quinzenais realizadas durante o inverno). Podas efetuadas no início de julho são as mais indicadas e podas tardias podem prejudicar o desempenho produtivo das amoreiras pretas Tupy no oeste do Paraná. No quinto capítulo, o objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a adoção de podas diferenciadas como alternativa para a produção da amora-preta em regiões subtropicais. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com oito blocos e três tratamentos (poda convencional, poda drástica de verão e poda drástica de inverno). A poda drástica de verão facilita a condução das amoreiras-pretas, sendo uma alternativa para a produção de amora-preta em regiões subtropicais

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor / Determina el efecto antioxidante y antiproliferativo del Rubus sparsiflorus “shiraca”. El estudio es analítico, experimental, longitudinal y prospectivo. Se utilizaron los extractos acuosos de Rubus sparsiflorus verde y maduro a los que se les determinaron cuantitativamente los contenidos de vitamina C, polifenoles, antocianinas y flavonoides. Así mismo, se realizaron determinaciones de capacidad antioxidante utilizando la técnica FRAP y la capacidad para reaccionar con los radicales DPPH, ABTS+ y radicales hidroxilo generados por el sistema ascorbato/Cu-II. También se realizó la determinación del efecto de la “shiraca” sobre la proliferación de fibroblastos. El Rubus sparsiflorus maduro mostró un contenido más elevado de flavonoides, polifenoles y antocianinas que el fruto verde, en cambio, el contenido de vitamina C fue similar en el fruto verde y maduro. Con respecto a la capacidad antioxidante evaluado por la técnica FRAP el fruto maduro mostró un valor más elevado que el fruto verde, de manera análoga, el fruto maduro fue más eficiente para reaccionar con los radicales libres DPPH, ABTS+ e hidroxilo, así mismo, los frutos maduro y verde mostraron similares efectos sobre la proliferación de fibroblastos. Se concluye que el Rubus sparsiflorus ejerce un considerable efecto antioxidante y no exhibe actividad antiproliferativa contra los fibroblastos. Así mismo, mostró un elevado contenido de vitamina C. / Tesis

This study examined patterns of growth shown by Rubus fruticosus L.agg. - the bramble - and looked at factors which controlled its growth. Literature on bramble ecology that was relevant to British conditions was reviewed. The study took place in Wytham Woods, a mixed, mainly deciduous wood. The soils varied from shallow limestone soils to heavy clays. Rubus vestitus Weihe and Nees was the most common bramble species. Three sites were chosen ranging from one where bramble growth was very poor to one of the most productive bramble areas in Wytham. The changing distribution of dry weight within a bramble stand over a year was followed by splitting the plant into its components; leaves, laterals, canes of different ages. The bramble stands were sampled on ten occasions during 1974 at four to six week intervals. All above ground material was removed from ten one metre-square plots from each area, at each sample time. The overall pattern of dry weight change was the same for the three areas. Total biomass showed a summer peak, the result of three processes: (i) The dry weight increase by first-year canes. (ii) The initial increase and subsequent decline in weight of the second-year cane system because of growth and die-back of the laterals. (iii) The final die-back of the cane system that had flowered the previous year. Standing dead, dead canes still attached to the rootstock and separate from the litter-layer - showed no seasonal change in dry-weight. The dry weight increase by the laterals was of the same magnitude as that by canes. The main cane growth however was 5-6 weeks later than that of the laterals. Thus lateral leaves formed the bulk of the early summer canopy while cane leaves became more important in autumn and over winter. Leaf area per plot was estimated from direct measurement of a sample of known dry weight. The winter bramble canopy was only half that in summer. Summer leaf-area-index were 0.8 in the poorest bramble site measured, 2.1 in the best. The main growth of canes and literals was by increase in length. Total stem length per plot showed a summer peak. Variations in both plant size and plant density (numbers/sq.m) caused the dry weight differences between the areas. Tree competition appeared to control these differences, the best growth occurring under an ash canopy, the worst under an oak/sycamore one. Bramble biomass in Wytham was up to seven times greater than that reported for other sites in Britain. Published values summer biomass of bramble in Britain range from 30-450 g/sq.m and annual turnover of dry weight from 50-300 g/sq.m/yr. This annual dry weight turnover is less than that for open-grown, herb communities, but similar to that for herb and shrub layers in British woodlands. Not all of this dry weight turnover represents currant photosynthesis because there are transfers between roots, canes and laterals. Over the year the bulk of the biomass was in the second-year cane system. The turnover time for the standing dead was 1-2 years. Cycling of material in a bramble stand was thus faster than for woody shrubs. A few rootstocks were excavated. The sizes of the root crowns matched the differences in shoot growth between areas. Crowns ranged from 5-60mm in diameter and may act as storage organs. The size and spread of the major roots, 4-6 per crown was also greatest in the areas of greatest shoot growth. Records of flowering and fruiting were kept both per unit area and per cane. Flowering was less in areas of low vigour of growth, which were usually the most shaded. A direct correlation between length of laterals and flowering success was found by comparing flowering on regrowth canes, or defoliated canes, with the control canes for that area. Length of lateral and flowering success depended on the overall vigour of the cane and the laterals' position on it. Laterals on side branches and the terminal portions of canes were shorter and flowered less. The process of tip-rooting was investigated. Root-boss formation increased when the tips of growing canes were covered by black fabric bags, but not when clear polythene bags were used. This confirmed the results of others that root-boss formation is increased if the stem apex is in the dark. Although defoliating canes reduced their growth it did not increase the number that tip-rooted. The growth of the daughter plants was followed. The parent cane was cut at different times after the original tip-rooting and leaving different lengths of cane attached to the daughter plant. Transfer of material to the daughter plant was shown to start in autumn and continue until the following July. The material was largely derived from the metre of cane nearest to the daughter plant. Reverse transfer, from daughter rootstock to parent cane can occur. Sections of parent cane separated from their parent root remained alive and bore laterals if attached to the daughter plant. Competition for cane reserves between laterals and daughter plants may occur, as in one experiment lateral growth was greater on canes separated from their daughter plants than where a daughter plant was present. Tip rooted canes were more abundant in areas of poor bramble growth than in vigorous areas. Such low vigour areas had a poorly developed stand structure such that cane tips were more likely to touch the ground. Vegetative and floral reproduction were complementary within the areas considered. Flowering increased and tip-rooting decreased as the canes became more vigorous. Non-destructive measurements WPTB investigated as a means of recording bramble growth. Some measurements were made on individual stems, but the main emphasis was on plot based measurements. These were calibrated against destructive sampling. Point-quadrats were used for leaf-assessment. Changes in leaf-hits per plot agreed well with variations in measured leaf weight and area. agreement was better for new leaves than for those which survived over winter, because the former were more horizontal. Mean canopy height, derived from the heights of leaf hits rose in the summer during lateral growth and declined in autumn, partly because of lateral die-back from the tips, partly because of settling of canes under their own weight. A dense bramble stand was found to have three layers; an upper leafy zone containing the bulk of the current canopy; a layer in which are the second year canes and the remains of the previous years' canopy; the leafless lower layer containing most of the standing dead. Each year's canes grow through the lower layers and come to lie horizontally as a result of their own weight and that of their laterals the subsequent year. In following years these canes are forced lower down the structure. Intersection values were used to estimate stem quantities. These were a variant of Buffon's Needles technique, adapted by Newman (1966) for root length determinations. The number of stem intersections with rods placed across a plot was related to total stem length per plot. Stems differed greatly in-angle which caused variation in the relationship particularly with the taller bramble stands. Intersection values multiplied by height were well correlated with plot dry-weight, r² = 0.8. Regressions of dry weight on adjusted intersection values showed little difference for different times of the year. These non-destructive methods were used to assess bramble stands which were too limited in area for repeated destructive sampling. Part of the growth of first-year canes is based on rootstock reserves part on photosynthesis built up by the cane leaves. To separate these two, leaves on first year canes were removed as they formed. This reduced cane growth by 20-50% relative to the controls.

Memoria para optar al título profesional de: Ingeniero Agrónomo / La frutilla magallánica o Miñe-miñe (Rubus geoides Sm.), es una especie nativa de Chile y Argentina, que produce frutos similares a los de la frambuesa cultivada. Actualmente existe interés por domesticar esta especie, sea para ser introducida a cultivo o para incorporar su pool genético al de la frambuesa cultivada. Este trabajo aporta al conocimiento de la semilla y de los factores que contribuyen a la baja germinación que normalmente la especie presenta. Para ello se realizó una descripción de la morfología y anatomía de la semilla utilizando microscopía de luz y electrónica de barrido y se evaluaron diferentes métodos para eliminar su eventual exo y endodormancia con el propósito de elaborar un protocolo estandarizado para la germinación de la semilla de esta especie. La semilla, de color pardo pálido, es semiglobosa, de 2,6 mm de ancho por 1,9 mm de largo y 1,3 mm de grosor. El pireno comprende el endocarpo, la testa, el endosperma y el embrión. El endocarpo tiene un grosor promedio de 0,014 mm, con una zona externa rugosa dada por depresiones redondeadas y crestas con bordes pronunciados. En la zona media se observan esclereidas alargadas y delgadas, con ordenamiento regular y unidas entre sí. La zona interna presenta esclereidas ordenadas, esféricas, pero de menor tamaño. La testa es delgada y bajo ella se encuentra el endosperma rodeando al embrión. El embrión ocupa el mayor volumen de la semilla y mide entre 1,6 a 2,0 mm. Para la germinación se evaluó la escarificación con ácido sulfúrico concentrado (98%), hipoclorito de sodio (2,5%) y lija, donde el ácido fue el más efectivo para eliminar la exodormancia. Para la eliminación de la endodormancia se evaluó el nitrato de potasio (0,034%), el ácido giberélico (0,002%), una mezcla de ambos, agua y la estratificación a 5° C en oscuridad por 30 y 60 días. Los resultados de los tratamientos antes indicados permitieron establecer un protocolo de germinación consistente en un tratamiento pregerminativo de escarificación por 1 h con ácido sulfúrico concentrado (98%), seguido de una estratificación a 5° C por 60 días, bajo condiciones de humedad y oscuridad, lo que permitió obtener una germinación cercana al 12% luego de tres semanas en una cámara de germinación a 24±1° C, bajo iluminación. / The Magellan strawberry or Miñe miñe (Rubus geoides Sm.) is a native species from Chile and Argentina, which produces a fruit similar to the cultivated raspberry. There is current interest in domesticating this species to be introduced to cultivation or to incorporate its genetic pool to the cultivated raspberry. This work contributes to the knowledge of the seed and the factors involved to the poor germination this species usually presents. To do this, a description of the morphology and anatomy of the seed was done using light and scanning electron microscopy, and different methods were used to break both exo and endodormancy, in order to elaborate a standardized protocol for seed germination of this species. The pale and rounded seed is 2.6 mm wide 1.9 mm long and 1.3 mm thick. The pyrene comprises the endocarp, testa, endosperm and embryo. The endocarp has an average thickness of 0.014 mm with a rough outer zone caused by rounded depressions and ridges with sharp edges. In the middle long and thin sclereids are present, in a regular arrangement and joined together. The inner area showed ordered spherical sclereids, but of smaller size that those present of the middle area. The testa is thin and under it endosperm covers the embryo. The embryo is between 1.6 to 2.0 mm in length. For germination scarification with concentrated sulfuric acid (98%), sodium hypochlorite (2.5%) and sandpaper was evaluated, being the acid the most effective for removing exodormancy. For removing endodormancy potassium nitrate (0.034%), gibberellic acid (0.002%), a mixture of both, water and stratification at 5° C in darkness for 30 and 60 days were evaluated. Results of the above mentioned treatments, allowed for the establishment of a germination protocol consisting of a pregerminative scarification treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid (98%) for 1 h, followed by stratification at 5 ° C for 60 days, under humidity and dark conditions, which resulted in a 12% germination after three weeks in a germination chamber at 24 ± 1 ° C, under illumination.

Yunnan, southwestern China, represents a modern biodiversity center for Rubus (Rosaceae). The history for this high modern diversity remains poorly known due to the lack of fossil evidence. In this report, fossil pyrenes of Rubus are taxonomically studied from the late Pliocene (Piacenzian) of Lanping County, northwestern Yunnan. These pyrenes show a greater morphological variation than that of extant Rubus pyrenes within the same species, indicating that they belong to different taxa of Rubus. Based on comparisons with both modern and other fossil species, our fossil pyrenes are assigned to five taxa, including a newly established one, Rubus lanpingensis nov. sp. These fossils suggest a somewhat high species diversity of Rubus in Lanping, a small area in northwestern Yunnan, during the late Pliocene. This provides the first fossil perspective for an understanding of the historical background of the modern Rubus diversity in a limited geographic area of Yunnan. The inferred palaeobiodiversity is probably associated with a large environmental heterogeneity in a limited area of Yunnan at that time.

A framboesa faz parte do grupo das frutas vermelhas cuja produção tem crescido no Brasil devido à introdução das novas cultivares que produzem duas vezes no mesmo ciclo. É considerada uma fruta delicada e perecível, possui curta vida útil, o que torna essencial o desenvolvimento de novos métodos de conservação pós-colheita do produto in natura, tendo-se em vista que este é um dos principais entraves para a expansão da cultura no país. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses de radiação gama sobre a conservação de framboesas \'Autumn Bliss\' refrigeradas. Os frutos foram colhidos na região de Ibiuna-SP, quando atingiram a plena maturidade na planta e foram selecionados de acordo com o tamanho, formato, ausência de injúrias e patógenos visíveis. No dia seguinte os frutos foram irradiados com fonte de 60 Co, com as doses 0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 kGy. Após a irradiação, os frutos foram armazenados a 0+1oC e 90+5% UR durante 20 dias. As variáveis analisadas foram: perda de massa fresca, índice de cor, firmeza, acidez titulável, teor de ácido ascórbico, teor de antocianinas e quercetina, porcentagem de solubilização de pectina, incidência de podridão, atividade respiratória e produção de etileno. As duas últimas variáveis foram avaliadas no dia da montagem do experimento, no dia seguinte ao da instalação, e após, a cada dois dias, as demais foram realizadas no dia da montagem e a cada quatro dias. Os resultados indicaram que a aplicação de raios gama não alterou a respiração, a produção de etileno, a firmeza, o teor de antocianinas, quercetina, e o índice de cor das framboesas. As doses de 1,0 e 2,0 kGy reduziram as podridões dos frutos. A dose de 2,0 KGy reduziu significativamente a acidez e a dose 1,0 kGy resultou em menores perdas de massa fresca. Também foi observado que a maior dose aumentou a perda de ácido ascórbico. Conclui-se que o uso da radiação gama na dose 1,0 kGy em conjunto com o armazenamento refrigerado é a mais recomendada para aumentar a vida útil de framboesa in natura \'Autumn Bliss\', ampliando o período de conservação em até 8 dias. / Raspberry is part of the group of red fruit whose production has grown in Brazil due to the introduction of new cultivars producing twice in one cycle. It is classified as a very delicate and perishable fruit. It has a short life, which makes it essential to develop new methods of postharvest in natura for the expansion of cultivation in the country, since this is the main obstacle to the national marketing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gamma radiation on the conservation of chilled \'Autumn Bliss\' raspberries. The fruits were harvested in Ibiuna - SP when the plant reached the full maturity. The fruits were selected according to the size, shape, no injuries and visible pathogens. In the following day the fruits were irradiated with 60 Co source at doses of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kGy. After radiation, the fruits were stored at 0 +1 +5 oC and 90% RH for 20 days. The analyzed variables were: weight loss, color, firmness, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin content, percentage of pectin solubilization and rot incidence were evaluated on the day of the assembly of the experiment and every four days for 20 days. The analysis of respiration and ethylene production were performed at the assembly of the experiment, on the following day of the installation and after it, every two days for a period of 17 days. The results indicated that the application of gamma rays did not affect the respiration, ethylene production, firmness, anthocyanin content and color index of the raspberries. The dose 1.0 and 2.0 kGy reduced fruit decay. The dose of 2.0 kGy significantly reduced the acidity and 1.0 kGy dose resulted in lower loss of fresh weight. It was also observed that the higher dose reduced ascorbic acid content. In conclusion, the use of gama radiation (1.0 kGy) together with cold storage is recommended for further extending the life of fresh raspberries \'Autumn Bliss\', extending the shelf life up to 8 days.

La mûre tropicale de montagne (Rubus adenotrichos Schltdl.) est largement cultivée et consommée au Costa Rica. Cependant, il existe peu de recherches scientifiques sur ce fruit. Par conséquent, nos travaux ont pour but de valoriser la mûre au travers de l’étude de ses activités biologiques sur le syndrome métabolique. Le jus microfiltré de mûre a démontré être riche en polyphénols (377,5 équivalents d’AG/100g), spécialement en ellagitanins (90,39-141,89 équivalents d’AE/100g) et anthocyanes (56,93-73,31 équivalents de cyanidine-3-glucoside/100g). Le pouvoir antioxydant du jus de mûre a été déterminé par les méthodes ORAC (4253,53 µmol ET/100g), FRAP (4703,84 µmol ET/100g), ABTS (1,075 μmol ET/100g) et LPO (15,88 µM de hydroperoxyde) et par des mesures de la capacité antioxydante des enzymes superoxyde dismutase (767,33 U/ml) et catalaseCAT (70,33 nmol/min/ml). Le jus de mûre a inhibé la production du NO induite par LPS+IFNγ lorsqu'il a été utilisé comme prétraitement sur les cellules J774A.1. L’inhibition a été de 51,95% pour le jus de mûre à 1000 g/ml, sans affecter ni la viabilité cellulaire ni la concentration de protéines dans les cellules. Cette activité antiinflammatoire a été confirmée par la diminution du taux de la synthase inductible de l'oxyde nitrique dans ces mêmes cellules par une analyse Western Blot. Cette étude a utilisé un modèle in vivo pour évaluer l'effet de la consommation du jus de mûre chez des rats insulino-résistants. L'apport en mûre a provoqué une diminution des triglycérides sériques (-50,2%), du cholestérol total (-15,6%), du cholestérol LDL (-48,2%) et de la pression artérielle systolique des rats par rapport aux témoins, sans influencer les concentrations de cholestérol HDL ni la glycémie. L’effet hypotenseur du jus a été confirmé par une réduction de la pression artérielle diastolique de 54,2% lors de la mesure de la pression artérielle après l’injection du jus de mûre chez le rat anesthésié. L’effet du jus de mûre chez homme a été évalué lors d’un essai clinique avec des patients dislypidémiques, après lequel on a observé une réduction significative du tour de taille, du glucose, de la pression artérielle diastolique et des triglycérides (-20,3%) chez les patients qui ont consommé du jus de mûre à 40% v/v durant 6 semaines. En outre, lors de la fermentation du jus de mûre costaricienne avec des levures du type Saccharomyces cerevisiae, la teneur en sucres (glucose, fructose et saccharose) a été réduite presque totalement au bout de 10 jours et le séchage par atomisation d’un jus fermenté avec 10% de maltodextrine 6DE et 1% de Aerosil, à un débit de pulvérisation de 3 ml/min et avec un débit d’air chaud (150°C) de 650 L/h garantit l’obtention d’une poudre avec un rendement élevé de séchage. Enfin, cette étude suggère que la mûre Rubus adenotrichos présente un bénéfice potentiel sur la santé, spécialement contre toutes les pathologies liées au syndrome métabolique. Mots clés: Rubus adenotrichos, mûre, jus microfiltré, syndrome métabolique, dyslipidémie, antioxydante, antiinflammatoire, hypotension / Tropical highland blackberry (Rubus adenotrichos Schltdl.) is widely cultivated and consumed in Costa Rica. However, there is little scientific research on this fruit. Therefore, our work aims to enhance blackberry importance through the study of its biological activity on the metabolic syndrome.Blackberry microfiltered juice has been shown to be rich in polyphenols (377.5 GA equivalents /100g), especially ellagitannins (from 90.39 to 141.89 EA equivalents/100g) and anthocyanins (from 56.93 to 73, 31 equivalents of cyanidin-3-glucoside/100g). The antioxidant power of blackberry juice was determined by the ORAC (4253.53 µmol TE/100g), FRAP (4703.84 µmol TE/ 100g), ABTS (1.075 µmol TE/100g) and LPO (15.88 µmol of hydroperoxide) methods and by measuring the antioxidant capacity of superoxide dismutase (767.33 U/ml) and catalase (70.33 nmol/min/ml) enzymes.Blackberry juice inhibited NO production induced by LPS+IFN gamma when used as a pretreatment on J774A.1 cells. Inhibition was 51.95% for the blackberry juice at 1000 µg/ml, without affecting neither cell viability nor the concentration of proteins in J774A.1 cells. The anti-inflammatory activity has been confirmed by the decrease in the rate of inducible nitric oxide synthase in these cells by Western blot analysis.This study used an in vivo model to assess the effect of blackberry juice consumption in insulin-resistant rats. The intake of blackberry caused a decrease in serum triglycerides (-50.2%), total cholesterol (-15.6%), LDL cholesterol (-48.2%) and in the systolic blood pressure of rats compared to controls, without affecting HDL cholesterol or blood sugar levels. The hypotensive effect of the juice has been confirmed by a reduction of 54.2% of the diastolic blood pressure in the measurement of blood pressure after injection of the blackberry juice in the anesthetized rat.The effect of blackberry juice on humans was evaluated in a clinical trial with patients suffering dyslipidemia, after which a significant reduction in waist circumference, glucose, diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides (-20,3%) was observed in patients who consumed 40% v/v blackberry juice for 6 weeks.Also, during fermentation of blackberry juice with yeasts of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae type, the sugar content (glucose, fructose and sucrose) was reduced almost totally after 10 days and the spray drying of the fermented juice with 10% maltodextrin 6DE and 1% Aerosil, at a spraying rate of 3 ml/min and with a flow of hot air (150°C) of 650 L/h ensures to obtain a powder and a high efficiency in drying.Finally, this study suggests that the blackberry specie Rubus adenotrichos presents a potential health benefit, especially against all diseases related to metabolic syndrome.Keywords: Rubus adenotrichos, blackberry, microfiltered juice, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypotension

A framboesa faz parte do grupo das frutas vermelhas cuja produção tem crescido no Brasil devido à introdução das novas cultivares que produzem duas vezes no mesmo ciclo. É considerada uma fruta delicada e perecível, possui curta vida útil, o que torna essencial o desenvolvimento de novos métodos de conservação pós-colheita do produto in natura, tendo-se em vista que este é um dos principais entraves para a expansão da cultura no país. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses de radiação gama sobre a conservação de framboesas \'Autumn Bliss\' refrigeradas. Os frutos foram colhidos na região de Ibiuna-SP, quando atingiram a plena maturidade na planta e foram selecionados de acordo com o tamanho, formato, ausência de injúrias e patógenos visíveis. No dia seguinte os frutos foram irradiados com fonte de 60 Co, com as doses 0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 kGy. Após a irradiação, os frutos foram armazenados a 0+1oC e 90+5% UR durante 20 dias. As variáveis analisadas foram: perda de massa fresca, índice de cor, firmeza, acidez titulável, teor de ácido ascórbico, teor de antocianinas e quercetina, porcentagem de solubilização de pectina, incidência de podridão, atividade respiratória e produção de etileno. As duas últimas variáveis foram avaliadas no dia da montagem do experimento, no dia seguinte ao da instalação, e após, a cada dois dias, as demais foram realizadas no dia da montagem e a cada quatro dias. Os resultados indicaram que a aplicação de raios gama não alterou a respiração, a produção de etileno, a firmeza, o teor de antocianinas, quercetina, e o índice de cor das framboesas. As doses de 1,0 e 2,0 kGy reduziram as podridões dos frutos. A dose de 2,0 KGy reduziu significativamente a acidez e a dose 1,0 kGy resultou em menores perdas de massa fresca. Também foi observado que a maior dose aumentou a perda de ácido ascórbico. Conclui-se que o uso da radiação gama na dose 1,0 kGy em conjunto com o armazenamento refrigerado é a mais recomendada para aumentar a vida útil de framboesa in natura \'Autumn Bliss\', ampliando o período de conservação em até 8 dias. / Raspberry is part of the group of red fruit whose production has grown in Brazil due to the introduction of new cultivars producing twice in one cycle. It is classified as a very delicate and perishable fruit. It has a short life, which makes it essential to develop new methods of postharvest in natura for the expansion of cultivation in the country, since this is the main obstacle to the national marketing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gamma radiation on the conservation of chilled \'Autumn Bliss\' raspberries. The fruits were harvested in Ibiuna - SP when the plant reached the full maturity. The fruits were selected according to the size, shape, no injuries and visible pathogens. In the following day the fruits were irradiated with 60 Co source at doses of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kGy. After radiation, the fruits were stored at 0 +1 +5 oC and 90% RH for 20 days. The analyzed variables were: weight loss, color, firmness, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin content, percentage of pectin solubilization and rot incidence were evaluated on the day of the assembly of the experiment and every four days for 20 days. The analysis of respiration and ethylene production were performed at the assembly of the experiment, on the following day of the installation and after it, every two days for a period of 17 days. The results indicated that the application of gamma rays did not affect the respiration, ethylene production, firmness, anthocyanin content and color index of the raspberries. The dose 1.0 and 2.0 kGy reduced fruit decay. The dose of 2.0 kGy significantly reduced the acidity and 1.0 kGy dose resulted in lower loss of fresh weight. It was also observed that the higher dose reduced ascorbic acid content. In conclusion, the use of gama radiation (1.0 kGy) together with cold storage is recommended for further extending the life of fresh raspberries \'Autumn Bliss\', extending the shelf life up to 8 days.