Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis researches on aspect and tense in Rukai by focusing on their interpretation and interaction. The issues center on two component parts: the association between morphology and eventuality/situation type, and that between morphology and tense. In the domain of eventuality, I establish a connection between determiner morphology (specifically, the case morphemes) and event structuring at the level of verbal formation. It is argued that Rukai case markers correlate with a set of verbal prefixes that form a part of verbal stems in structuring eventualities. A generalized hypothesis of morphological merger is proposed to account for this morphosyntactic correlation and other formational instances. Secondly, I examine the interrelation of nominalization, voice formation and eventuality. It is argued that nominalization is used to construct a third kind of voice in Rukai, the object voice, in addition to the active and passive. The study indicates that derived nominalized and object voice constructions convey derived states, whose interpretation result from an aspectual shift in the domain of eventuality. In the domain of tense, I investigate the interpretation of tense markers and their interaction with aspect. The way how the nonfuture tense gets interpreted shows that it is temporally indeterminate, but aspectually constrained. The future is characterized by its function as a temporal marker in modal constructions. The interaction of the future tense with modals indicates that it can specify temporal posteriority in modal constructions. Furthermore, it is argued that the perfect aspect forms a complex tense with the nonfuture in conveying a past meaning. The nonfuture and future tenses are further examined in sentences with sub-ordinate clauses. The study shows that the nonfuture and the future tense behave differently with respect to their relation with a reference point in complex sentences. The nonfuture is more restricted than the future tense in that it cannot take a future time as its temporal reference, whereas the future can take a past time as its temporal reference. / text

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Because of the different of historical background, the changes of aboriginal structure of community power are very different between the aborigines and the Hans. It is very difficult to find a pure aboriginal tribe or community, because of the move in of the Hans and the intervention of national administrative system. Let me have some interesting questions: Did the aboriginal structure of community power relate with it¡¦s traditional history or not? Or did it tend toward the same structure of community power by government design? These are the key points that this thesis wants to research. So, I want to make use the convenience of knowing my country to research the changes of aboriginal structure of community power by two different case studies of Pinuymayan-LykaBnug and Rukai-Tarumak. Further, that using the comparative approach to research the reaction of two communities shows the different characteristics of changes. According to my research finding: First, the changes of aboriginal structure of community power were influenced with the extent of tradition. Although the intervention of national administrative system, it still didn¡¦t let the changes to be the same; Second, because of the growth and separation of social organization, the social power was changing from centralization to decentralization. And the source of the power elites was from traditional inheriting to local democratic election; Third, today¡¦s aboriginal communities all live some Hans together, and make much competition and cooperation between aborigines and Hans. The elements of influence are including the proportion of population, the growth and decline of position of politics and economy between aborigines and Hans, and the degree of accepting and blending between aborigines and Hans¡Ketc.

Not available

過去幾十年來，當地社區，科學家和政府官員不得不面對日益惡化的環境惡化以及對可持續發展和資源利用日益增長的需求。 近年來,為了解決日益增長的問題，土地和資源共同管理的概念越來越受歡迎。 共同管理通常被定義為⸢兩個以上的社會行為者之間談判，界定和保證公平分享給定領土，地區或一套自然資源的管理職能，權利和責任的情況⸥ (Borrini et al. 2000) 。 更具體地說，森林共同管理是指分享責任的領域和資源與森林有關的請況。 在理論上，森林共同管理的好處不僅應該是環境，而且應該是社會經濟。 在本論文中，我將對台灣的共同管理案例研究，十多年前成立的太魯閣國家公園合作管理委員會，以及另一個最近新出現的魯凱族和 台灣林業局。 為了提供台灣共同管理協議的示範框架，我還將討論加入加拿大國家公園管理的共同管理。 我將在台灣和加拿大的相關殖民時期追溯土著國家關係的歷史和演變，以更好地了解當前原住民族和國家共同管理工作的基礎。 本論文還將討論國際原住民族權利制度的出現在台灣制定本國原住民族政策方面發揮的作用。 我將了解原住民如何適應台灣國家公園和森林管理工作的政策和決策框架。 在評估原住民族與中央政府在這方面的權力關係的性質時，我的目的是回答以下問題：台灣當地原住民族如何與台灣政府達成共同管理協議？ 在分析歷史和國際背景，政策框架和每個案例的具體細節時，我將就台灣當局與原住民部落未來的共同管理工作提出建議。 / Over the past several decades, local communities, scientists, and government officials have had to contend with increasing environmental degradation and the growing need for sustainable development and resource use. In more recent years, in order to address these rising concerns, the concept of co-management of land and resources has become increasingly popular. Co-management is commonly defined as “a situation in which two or more social actors negotiate, define, and guarantee amongst themselves a fair sharing of the management functions, entitlements and responsibilities for a given territory, area or set of natural resources” (Borrini et al. 2000). More specifically, forest co-management refers to situations in which the area and resources for which responsibility is being shared are forest-related. In theory, the benefits of forest co-management should not only be environmental, but socioeconomic as well. In this thesis, I will conduct two case studies of co-management in Taiwan, the Taroko National Park co-management committee, which was established over a decade ago, and another more recently emerging case of co-management between Rukai indigenous peoples and the Taiwan Forestry Bureau. In order to provide a model framework for Taiwanese co-management agreements, I will also discuss co-management as it has been incorporated into Canadian national park management. I will trace the history and evolution of indigenous-state relations across the pertinent periods of colonization in both Taiwan and Canada to better understand the foundations upon which current indigenous-state co-management efforts have been constructed. This thesis will also touch upon the role that the emergence of an international indigenous rights regime has played in shaping domestic indigenous policies in Taiwan. I will identify how indigenous peoples fit into the policy and decision-making frameworks of Taiwan’s national park and forest management efforts. In assessing the nature of power relations between indigenous peoples and the central government in this context, I aim to answer the following question: how do local Taiwanese indigenous peoples engage in co-management agreements with the state government of Taiwan? Upon analyzing the historical and international contexts, the policy frameworks, and the specific details of each case, I will posit suggestions for future co-management efforts between the Taiwanese state government and indigenous communities.