過去原住民保留地政策是政府為管理、安撫原住民的產物，延續至今，原住民保留地政策變成政府為保障原住民生計的手段，加之，近年國際思潮影響政府觀念轉變，原住民逐漸展現其自主性，經過努力爭取，促請政府頒佈「原住民族基本法」，因此，原住民族土地權利範疇從保留地延伸至傳統領域。 同時，更由於馬告國家公園設立事件及司馬庫斯櫸木事件的刺激，政府訂定「原住民族地區資源共同管理辦法」，重申政府應尊重原住民土地資源權利，與原住民族建立共同管理機制，賦予原住民參與土地資源決策及管理的權利，奠立未來原住民族自主管理的基礎，故而，本研究重點即在於原住民族土地資源的共同管理機制。 基此，本研究採取文獻回顧、模型分析、個案研究、焦點團體訪談、深度訪談、參與式觀察等研究方法，運用Hayami & Ruttan的制度變遷模型及Lars Corlsson（2005）的共同管理決策模式，選擇新竹縣尖石鄉泰雅族玉峰村馬里光部落群及秀巒村基那吉部落群為研究個案。 接著，本研究加以釐清研究個案範圍內各個地方社群或單位不同的土地利用方式、各種土地利用的需求及各自的發展目標；並就馬告國家公園、原住民族地區資源共同管理辦法與國家公園法修正草案中共同管理機制加以比較分析，深入剖析原住民地區範圍內資源治理區域的共同管理機制議題；且審視政府與原住民訂定的土地資源利用與管理之正式與非正式制度，透過個案分析瞭解原住民族與政府認知之間的落差，析論原住民族傳統土地利用方式與政府土地管理法令之扞挌之處，以檢驗台灣當前原住民族土地資源共同管理制度是否有其缺失。 最終，從上述議題討論中，思考未來原住民族土地的利用與管理制度應解決那些問題，及應如何整合政府主管機關與地方原住民之意見，並提出共同管理機制之設計原則建議，以供政府與部落建構共管機制之參考。 / Indigenous Reserved Land policy was a product of the government’s managing and placating indigenous people. Nowadays, it becomes a means for the government to secure the economy and livelihood in indigenous area. In the past few years, the international trend of indigenous discourse changed the government’s concept. Indigenous people gradually showed their subjectivity and made the government pass the “Indigenous Peoples Basic Law”. After that, the land right of indigenous people extends from limited Indigenous Reserved Lands to the wider traditional territory. Meanwhile, because of the debate over the setting of Magao National Park and the conflict happened in the Smagus Beech Event, the government issued the “Regulation of resource co-management in indigenous area”, which reaffirms that the government should respect the land/resource rights of indigenous people. It also states that the government should establish the co-management mechanism, empower indigenous people’s participation and decision rights in the land/resources management. It provides the base of indigenous people’s self-government. The purpose of this thesis is to study the co-management mechanism in the indigenous area. This study adopts research methods include literature review, model analysis, case study, focus group interview, in-depth interview, and participant observation. It applies both Hayami and Ruttan’s institutional innovation model and Lars Corlsson’s co-management model, and analyzes the cases in the Mrqwang and Knazi sub-groups of Atayal indigenous people. These two sub-groups are located in Yufeng Village and Xiuluan Village, Jianshin Township, Hsinchu County, according to the administrative district nowadays. This study clarifies the differences of land uses, land demands, and development goals between these two communities. In order to analyze the issues of co-management mechanism in indigenous area, this study compares the co-management mechanisms designed in “Magao National Park Plan Draft”, “Regulation of Resource Co-management in Indigenous Area”, and “Amendment Draft of National Park Law”. Further more, this study surveys the informal and formal land/resources institutions and analyzes the difference between the government and the indigenous people’s perceptions of these institutions. Afterward, it analyzes the conflicts between the government’s land management laws and indigenous traditional land uses, and points out the problems of indigenous land/resources co-management institution in Taiwan. At the end, this study summarizes the problems that indigenous land institution should solve in the future. It also makes suggestions to integrate the opinions of the governmental authorities and local indigenous people, so that the co-management mechanism can be established in principles.

過去幾十年來，當地社區，科學家和政府官員不得不面對日益惡化的環境惡化以及對可持續發展和資源利用日益增長的需求。 近年來,為了解決日益增長的問題，土地和資源共同管理的概念越來越受歡迎。 共同管理通常被定義為⸢兩個以上的社會行為者之間談判，界定和保證公平分享給定領土，地區或一套自然資源的管理職能，權利和責任的情況⸥ (Borrini et al. 2000) 。 更具體地說，森林共同管理是指分享責任的領域和資源與森林有關的請況。 在理論上，森林共同管理的好處不僅應該是環境，而且應該是社會經濟。 在本論文中，我將對台灣的共同管理案例研究，十多年前成立的太魯閣國家公園合作管理委員會，以及另一個最近新出現的魯凱族和 台灣林業局。 為了提供台灣共同管理協議的示範框架，我還將討論加入加拿大國家公園管理的共同管理。 我將在台灣和加拿大的相關殖民時期追溯土著國家關係的歷史和演變，以更好地了解當前原住民族和國家共同管理工作的基礎。 本論文還將討論國際原住民族權利制度的出現在台灣制定本國原住民族政策方面發揮的作用。 我將了解原住民如何適應台灣國家公園和森林管理工作的政策和決策框架。 在評估原住民族與中央政府在這方面的權力關係的性質時，我的目的是回答以下問題：台灣當地原住民族如何與台灣政府達成共同管理協議？ 在分析歷史和國際背景，政策框架和每個案例的具體細節時，我將就台灣當局與原住民部落未來的共同管理工作提出建議。 / Over the past several decades, local communities, scientists, and government officials have had to contend with increasing environmental degradation and the growing need for sustainable development and resource use. In more recent years, in order to address these rising concerns, the concept of co-management of land and resources has become increasingly popular. Co-management is commonly defined as “a situation in which two or more social actors negotiate, define, and guarantee amongst themselves a fair sharing of the management functions, entitlements and responsibilities for a given territory, area or set of natural resources” (Borrini et al. 2000). More specifically, forest co-management refers to situations in which the area and resources for which responsibility is being shared are forest-related. In theory, the benefits of forest co-management should not only be environmental, but socioeconomic as well. In this thesis, I will conduct two case studies of co-management in Taiwan, the Taroko National Park co-management committee, which was established over a decade ago, and another more recently emerging case of co-management between Rukai indigenous peoples and the Taiwan Forestry Bureau. In order to provide a model framework for Taiwanese co-management agreements, I will also discuss co-management as it has been incorporated into Canadian national park management. I will trace the history and evolution of indigenous-state relations across the pertinent periods of colonization in both Taiwan and Canada to better understand the foundations upon which current indigenous-state co-management efforts have been constructed. This thesis will also touch upon the role that the emergence of an international indigenous rights regime has played in shaping domestic indigenous policies in Taiwan. I will identify how indigenous peoples fit into the policy and decision-making frameworks of Taiwan’s national park and forest management efforts. In assessing the nature of power relations between indigenous peoples and the central government in this context, I aim to answer the following question: how do local Taiwanese indigenous peoples engage in co-management agreements with the state government of Taiwan? Upon analyzing the historical and international contexts, the policy frameworks, and the specific details of each case, I will posit suggestions for future co-management efforts between the Taiwanese state government and indigenous communities.