No envelhecer, os homens se deparam com desafios particulares, ao lidar com uma dualidade de exigências: as sociais e as de saúde. Os mandatórios do modelo de masculinidade hegemônico, não mais possíveis de serem alcançados em sua plenitude - seja pela vivência do adoecimento crônico ou pelas dificuldades nas atividades laborais - despertam diferentes reações, que ora podem pender para ajustamentos, ora para negação das normas geradas pelo envelhecer. Nessa experiência, as relações sociais, a depender do que colocam em circulação, contribuem para a geração de situações de cuidado ou de sofrimento que repercutem na saúde, e é sob essa perspectiva que se assenta este estudo. Com a finalidade de contribuir para a temática pertinente à saúde do homem em sua diversidade, propôs-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, cujo cenário focalizou uma comunidade rural de um pequeno município pertencente ao Vale da Luz/RS. As informações produziram-se entre os meses de dezembro de 2015 e setembro de 2016, por meio da aplicação de entrevistas abertas a dez homens idosos e da composição de diários de campo. O processo analítico teve como referenciais de gênero o estudo de Scott, e a Teoria de Reconhecimento, de Honneth. Do encontro entre masculinidade e envelhecimento, revelou-se assincronia entre os ciclos vitais e as expectativas do modelo de masculinidade hegemônica. Na impossibilidade de ressignificar os mandatórios, os homens, colocam em risco sua saúde, adotando posturas alijadas na negação da vulnerabilidade do corpo e no adoecimento, que somadas ao distanciamento dos serviços de saúde - centrados majoritariamente, no urbano - acentuam a vulnerabilidade masculina no contexto rural. O reconhecimento pelo amor demonstrou-se como modulador do cuidado nas condições crônicas, em seu sentido biológico, pelo vigiar que atua no controle das medicações, no acompanhamento das consultas, no preparo de uma refeição. Por outro lado, produz sofrimento, ao atentar o ideário de invulnerabilidade e marcar que a autossuficiência pode ser parcial no envelhecimento. A aposentadoria, mais que um direito, surgiu nos relatos como forma de reconhecimento do Estado, ao ofertar acesso a bens materiais - antes não alcançados ou pouco acessíveis. Na esfera do direito, o acesso aos serviços de saúde foi pontuado, todavia, as narrativas indicaram que isso por si só não basta, demandando interesse e comprometimento para se estabelecer reconhecimento. As identidades - colono, trabalhador e alemão – constituem categorias de estima e fomentam solidariedade, sobretudo em situações de adoecimento, de perdas de familiares ou de bens materiais. Do enlace entre as ações de reconhecimento e a vivência masculina do envelhecimento, as relações mostraram-se potentes aliadas no cuidado em saúde, mas ao distanciarem os homens dos mandatórios do modelo hegemônico de masculinidade ou colocarem em circulação juízos de valor depreciativos de escolhas e de modos de ser, também se mostram capazes de causar sofrimento. / In the process of getting older, men face particular challenges in dealing with a duality of demands: the social and the health ones. The mandates of the model of hegemonic masculinity, impossible to be fully achieved, either because of living with chronic diseases or because of difficulties in work activities, bring different reactions, which sometimes may remain pending to be adjusted, sometimes as a denial of the norms generated by aging. In this experience, social relations, depending on what they put into circulation, contribute to generate situations of care or suffering, which have an impact on health, and it is in this perspective that this study is oriented. In order to contribute to the issue of men’s health, in its diversity, a qualitative research was proposed, which was based on a rural community of a small municipality belonging to the Valley of Light (RS). The information was produced in the months between December 2015 to September 2016, through open interviews with 10 elderly men and daily journal writing. The analytical process was based on Scott's gender and Honneth's recognition concepts. In the confrontation between masculinity and aging is revealed a diachrony between the life cycles and the expectations of the hegemonic model of masculinity. In the impossibility of resignifying the mandates, men put their health in risk, adopting positions born in denying the vulnerability of the body and the disease, which in addition with the distance from health services, mostly concentrated in urban centers, accentuate male vulnerability in the rural context. Recognition through love was demonstrated as a modulator of care in chronic conditions, in its biological sense, by the vigil that acts in the control of medications, being company in the medical visits, in the preparation of a meal. On the other hand, it produces suffering, by undermining the ideal of invulnerability and marking that self-sufficiency may be partial in aging. Retirement, more than a right, arises in the stories as a form of recognition of the State, by offering access to material goods, previously unreached or inaccessible. In the area of law or access to health services, was pointed out, however, that this alone is not enough, it is also necessary interest and commitment to establish recognition. Colonial, working, and German identities are categories of esteem, and foster solidarity, especially in situations of illness, loss of family or property. On the link between actions of recognition and the male experience of aging, relationships were powerful allies in health care, but by distancing men from the mandates of the hegemonic model of masculinity, or by putting into circulation contemptuous judgments about choices and ways of being, are also capable of fostering suffering.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:02:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavio Andrade Neto.pdf: 1622891 bytes, checksum: ea4515289c9065fece25779bb74a29dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-22 / Currently there is the recognition that social influences on health operate under various processes and one of them may be the context in which the person lives. The increase in health promotion policies generates interest in implementing interventions at the individual and collective, but before that, it becomes necessary to understand the issues that affect behaviors related to sedentary lifestyle and level of physical activity in different populations. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze active and sedentary behaviors of schoolchildren of urban and rural regions of the Espírito Santo from two databases from the project "SAÚDES Santa Maria de Jetibá" and "SAÚDES Vitória", both aimed at the aspects of research related to nutrition and health of schoolchildren aged 7 to 10 years. The sample consisted of 1242 children from Vitória and 528 from Santa Maria de Jetibá, totaling 1770 students of both sexes. Information on physical activity and sedentary behaviors were obtained from validated questionnaire. Statistical tests were made using SPSS software version 17.0. Most of the children were female (55.1%), normal weight (79%), nonwhite (52%), socioeconomic class C (41%). There were significant differences in time spent on physical and sedentary activities among groups. Urban school meet less the limits of 2 and 4 hours of daily screen. Urban children, mostly, were also considered "not active enough" and have shorter average daily of physical activities. Was concluded that rural schoolchildren are more active and spend less time on screen devices. These findings can support the design of different strategies for achieving the goals of stimulus programs to physical activity and reducing sedentary time in urban and rural contexts / Atualmente há o reconhecimento de que as influências sociais sobre a saúde operam sob diversos processos e que um deles pode ser o contexto em que a pessoa vive. O aumento das políticas de promoção de saúde gera o interesse em implementar intervenções nos níveis individual e coletivo, mas antes disso, torna-se necessário compreender os aspectos que afetam comportamentos relacionados ao sedentarismo e ao nível de atividades físicas em populações distintas. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar os comportamentos ativo e sedentário de escolares de regiões urbana e rural do Espírito Santo a partir de duas bases de dados provenientes dos projetos SAÚDES Santa Maria de Jetibá e SAÚDES Vitória , ambas voltadas para a investigação de aspectos relacionados à nutrição e saúde de escolares de 7 a 10 anos. A amostra foi constituída por 1.242 crianças de Vitória e 528 de Santa Maria de Jetibá, perfazendo 1.770 escolares de ambos os sexos. As informações sobre atividade física e comportamentos sedentários foram obtidas a partir de questionário validado. O plano analítico utilizou-se de testes estatísticos, por meio do software SPSS versão 17.0. A maioria das crianças era do sexo feminino (55,1%), eutróficas (79%), não brancas (52%), de classe socioeconômica C (41%). Foram encontradas diferenças significativas do tempo gasto com atividades físicas e sedentárias entre os grupos estudados. Escolares urbanos atendem menos aos limites de 2 horas e 4 horas de tempo de tela diariamente. Crianças urbanas, em sua maioria, também foram consideradas Ativo Insuficiente e têm menor tempo médio diário de atividades físicas. Conclui-se que escolares rurais são mais ativos e gastam menos tempo com dispositivos de tela. Tais achados podem subsidiar o delineamento de diferentes estratégias para o alcance dos objetivos de programas de estímulos às atividades físicas e redução de tempo sedentário nos contextos urbano e rural

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência de variáveis sociodemográficas, econômicas, comportamentais e de saúde reprodutiva sobre a saúde mental de mulheres em idade fértil, residentes na zona rural do município de Uberaba-MG. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, com delineamento transversal, realizado com 280 mulheres com idade entre 15 e 49 anos e residentes na zona rural do município de Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil, entre outubro de 2014 e maio de 2015. A coleta de dados foi realizada no domicílio das mulheres participantes, por meio dos instrumentos de caracterização sociodemográfica e econômica; comportamental; de saúde reprodutiva - ginecológica e obstétrica; Self-Reporting Questionnaire; Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado e Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Os dados foram analisados no software Statistical Package for Social Sciences, versão 20.0. Utilizamos a análise univariada, por meio da distribuição de frequências absolutas e relativas, e medidas de tendência central, desvio-padrão e medidas de variação. Para a análise bivariada e multivariada dos dados, utilizamos os testes estatísticos: Qui-Quadrado, razões de prevalência, razões de chances de prevalência brutas, Teste t-Student, correlação de Pearson, regressão logística múltipla e regressão linear múltipla. As participantes do estudo tinham em média 33,6 anos e sete anos de estudo. A maioria considerou-se branca, era casada ou em união estável, católica, considerada do lar, sem renda individual mensal, renda individual de um salário-mínimo, renda familiar entre um e dois salários-mínimos, o companheiro era o principal provedor da família e residiam no domicílio de duas a quatro pessoas. A maioria não realizava atividade física, não tinha doença crônica, não fumava, não fazia uso de bebidas alcóolicas e de drogas ilícitas, tinha atividades de lazer e boa convivência com o companheiro. A maioria usava métodos anticoncepcionais, entre eles a laqueadura tubária e o hormonal oral. O principal local de aquisição dos contraceptivos foi \"outros\" (hospital e ambulatório) e a farmácia. A maioria frequentou o ginecologista, realizou Papanicolau, palpação das mamas e mamografia e não teve doença sexualmente transmissível. Apresentaram média de 2,8 gestações, 1,5 aborto, e 2,5 filhos vivos. A maioria não planejou a última gravidez e realizou pré-natal. A prevalência de transtorno mental comum foi de 35,7%. Os escores médios dos sintomas de ansiedade-estado e ansiedade-traço foram de 38,3 e 41,4 pontos, respectivamente, e o escore médio dos sintomas de depressão foi de 8,3 pontos entre as participantes. Após se ajustar ao modelo de regressão logística múltipla, a convivência ruim com o companheiro e a escolaridade associaram-se com o transtorno mental comum. Os modelos de regressão linear múltipla ajustados identificaram que aquelas que referiram convivência ruim com o companheiro e maior número de filhos tiveram maiores escores dos sintomas de ansiedade-estado e ansiedade-traço e as com menor idade, maior escore dos sintomas de ansiedade-traço. Aquelas com convivência ruim com o companheiro e maior número de filhos apresentaram maior escore dos sintomas de depressão. Ressalta-se a importância da transformação da prática de trabalho em saúde, incorporando ações efetivas relacionadas à saúde mental e reprodutiva das mulheres rurais / This study was intended to analyze the influence of sociodemographic, economic, behavioral and reproductive health variables on the mental health of women of childbearing age, living in the rural area of Uberaba-MG. This is an observational study, with cross-sectional design, involving 280 women aged between 15 and 49 years, living in the rural area of the city of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between October 2014 and May 2015. Data collection took place in the homes of the participating women, through the instruments of sociodemographic and economic; behavioral; reproductive health - gynecological and obstetrical characterization; Self- Reporting Questionnaire; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck\'s Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed by means of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software, version 20.0. We used univariate analysis, through the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies, measures of central tendency, standard deviation and measures of variation. In order to perform the bivariate and multivariate analysis of data, we used the following statistical tests: Chi-Square, prevalence ratios, gross prevalence odds ratios, Student\'s t-test, Pearson\'s correlation, multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression. Study participants had an average of 33.6 years and seven years of schooling. Most of them identified themselves as white, married or in a stable union, Catholics, housewives, without monthly individual income, with individual income of a minimum wage, with family income between one and two minimum wages, and they lived in households composed of two to four people, where their partners were the main family providers. Most of them did not perform physical activity, did not have chronic diseases, did not smoke, did not use alcoholic drinks and illicit drugs, had leisure activities and a good coexistence with their partners. Most of them used contraceptive methods, including tubal sterilization, as well as oral and hormonal medicines. The main places of acquisition of contraceptives were \"others\" (hospital and outpatient clinic) and the drugstore. Most of them attended the gynecologist, underwent Pap smear, breast palpation and mammography, and did not have sexually transmitted diseases. They had an average of 2.8 pregnancies, 1.5 abortions and 2.5 children born alive. Most of them did not plan the last pregnancy, but performed prenatal care. The prevalence of common mental disorder was 35.7%. The average scores of the state anxiety and trait anxiety symptoms were 38.3 and 41.4 points, respectively, and the average score of the depression symptoms was 8.3 points among the participants. After being adjusted to the multiple logistic regression model, the bad coexistence with the partner and the schooling were associated with the common mental disorder. The adjusted multiple linear regression models identified that those who reported a bad coexistence with the partner and a greater number of children had higher scores of the state anxiety and trait anxiety symptoms, and those with younger ages had a higher score of the trait anxiety symptoms. Those with bad coexistence with the partner and greater number of children showed a higher score of depression symptoms. It is worth emphasizing the importance of the transformation of the health work practice, thus incorporating effective actions related to the mental and reproductive health of the rural women

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at risk for developing life-threatening comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a consequence, T2DM is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and decreased quality of life, thus highlighting the importance of prevention of T2DM. Further, the prevalence of T2DM is substantially greater in rural populations compared to urban populations, making rural individuals particularly appropriate targets for T2DM prevention. T2DM is a largely preventable disease that is associated with modifiable risk factors such as poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity. Lifestyle interventions to improve these modifiable risk factors have been used to decrease the risk of developing T2DM. There is little evidence that supports lifestyle interventions as a means to decrease T2DM risk in rural populations with prediabetes, the precursor of T2DM. The purpose of this dissertation was to determine whether rural-living individuals with prediabetes would improve modifiable risk factors, specifically diet quality by following a lifestyle intervention; thereby, decreasing their risk of developing T2DM. Specific aims for this dissertation were to, 1) examine and synthesize data from dietary interventions used to reduce risk of T2DM in rural populations on order to identify gaps and guide future research, 2) critically evaluate validity and reliability of indices used to determine diet quality in research, and 3) determine the effect of a risk reduction program on improving diet quality and glucose control (as a measure of T2DM risk) in rural adults with prediabetes and CVD risk factors. Specific aim one was achieved by a review and synthesis of literature focused on lifestyle and dietary interventions used in rural populations to decrease the risk of developing T2DM. Common goals in these studies were a decrease in weight, decrease in dietary fat and calories, and an increase in physical activity. Decreased weight and increased physical activity were demonstrated in all eight studies, and a decrease in T2DM incidence was also demonstrated in one of the studies. However, diet quality was not adequately assessed in the majority of the studies. Furthermore, none of the studies were randomized controlled trials and only half used a control group. It was concluded that research using a more robust design is needed to determine the effect of lifestyle changes, specifically diet, on T2DM risk in rural populations. Specific aim two was addressed by a critical analysis of six common indices of dietary quality. Validity and reliability of the Healthy Eating Index, the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, the DASH diet score, the Diet Quality Index-Revised, the Healthy Diet Indicator, and the Diet Quality Score were examined. Five of the six indices are valid and reliable tools for measure diet quality but all five rely on an extensive food frequency questionnaire that may be burdensome for participants. The Diet Quality Score does not provide adequate evidence to support its use in research. It was concluded that a short, reliable, and validated diet screener may be useful in research. Specific aim three was addressed by a secondary data analysis of a longitudinal, randomized controlled study of rural residents with CVD risk factors and prediabetes. Diet quality, measured by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), and glucose control, measured by hemoglobin A1c, were analyzed in a subpopulation of 62 participants with prediabetes. Neither diet quality nor glucose control improved between baseline, four month, and 12 month post intervention. The reliability and validity of the MEDAS in this population is not known and may have been a factor in the lack of intervention effect related to diet quality. Participants were also not informed of their prediabetes status, thus it is not known if this knowledge would have made an impact on the outcomes of the study. In addition, the small sample size limits the statistical power to determine changes between the intervention and control groups. It was concluded that further research is needed to determine if a high quality diet will reduce T2DM risk in this rural population Considering the disproportionate prevalence of T2DM in rural populations compared to their urban counterparts, the results of this dissertation demonstrate a continued need for interventions that decrease modifiable risk factors associated with this disease. Interventions that target obesity, poor diet quality, and sedentary lifestyles in at-risk rural populations that are culturally tailored are needed to decrease risk of developing T2DM and the comorbidities associated with this preventable disease.

The Environmental Kuznets Curve is an inverted U-shaped relationship which demonstrates how environmental degradation increases as countries begin to develop and lowers as they become wealthier. The classical EKC measures the effects of GDP per capita (a country’s wealth) on pollu-tion. This paper is a study of the connection of a number of factors- GDP per capita, fossil fuels, al-ternative and nuclear energy, rural population and life expectancy at birth to the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Two econometric approaches are applied in order to test whether the variables have a more pronounced linear or quadratic form. Four income groups of countries are investigated in order to check if the state of development plays a crucial role in environmental deterioration. The results of the study point out that EKC does not apply for the chosen variables. From the regression for GDP, however, it can be concluded that EKC forms in 1990s.

Atskleidus kaimo vietovių ekonominio konkurencingumo ir vietos gyventojų verslumo ryšį ir išnagrinėjus vietos gyventojų verslumo plėtojimo svarba siekiant stiprinti kaimo vietovių ekonominį konkurencingumą pateiktos vietos gyventojų verslumo plėtojimo galimybės ir geroji patirtis. / Disclosed in the rural areas of economic competitiveness and entrepreneurship in local access and examined the development of local entrepreneurship is key to strengthening the economic competitiveness of rural areas. Submitted by local entrepreneurial development opportunities and best practices.

Economic growth alone may not solve the problem of poverty. Our behavioral analyses reveal that human capital is one of the key forces of reducing poverty and promoting economic growth. However, one's human capital accumulation is restricted by his personal lifetime funds. Then the efficiency of national funds allocation in China is investigated. Results show that an equal allocation of national funds should be adopted by Chinese government, with which the economy can develop in a way both fast and just.

Diss. Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1995. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2010.