Structural adjustment programmes have been promoted globally by international financial institutions as an answer to the financial problems of developing countries like Samoa. This thesis is a study of the history of structural adjustment programmes in the Independent State of Samoa, and focuses specifically on a case study of one particular programme: the restructuring and privatisation of the former Public Works Department (PWD). It seeks to compare the claims made for the reform process by development economists, development consultants and planners, politicians and reform managers, with the experiences of those who were involved in various roles in a particular type of reform: the privatisation of a Government utility. The PWD was chosen by the Samoan Government to kick-start its institutional reform programme. The Department had, over the years, suffered from poor management, corrupt practices, overspending and unaccounted funds which were all revealed in an Auditor General's Report tabled in Parliament in Samoa in 1994. This caused great embarrassment to the Government which had then to respond to these accusations. Government saw the reform of the PWD as a means to respond to public criticism of its lack of oversight, and discontent with the standard of the department's services in public works, institutional construction, repair and maintenance programmes. The study used a case study methodology to interview the people that were involved in the privatisation of the old Public Works Department (PWD). Various people who were, and are still, involved in the process of reforming Government institutions were interviewed. These included the politicians who both advocated and opposed the implementation of the reforms, the consultants who managed them for the Government and international agencies, and employees at all levels of the former Public Works Department. It explored PWD employees' personal and institutional experiences of the period before, during and since the reform of the agency. Despite the propaganda on the benefits that reform programmes have for the countries that implement them, the study has revealed different findings. It identifies and examines some important differences between the claims made by various stakeholders about the reforms, and the experiences of those who were directly involved in various ways. It has shown that people in different positions have different experiences of the same programmes, and that their experiences are significantly influenced by their social location and, specifically, whether they are "insiders" or "outsiders." It concludes by suggesting that since the structural reform project is likely to continue in Samoa for the foreseeable future, it is useful to identify those lessons from the PWD privatisation which might be applied to future projects to mitigate their social and organisational impact.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-17T14:18:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EDEMBERG ROCHA DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2003..pdf: 1169743 bytes, checksum: 2feda912b0a385f167ab5d5d55ea5a71 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T14:18:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EDEMBERG ROCHA DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2003..pdf: 1169743 bytes, checksum: 2feda912b0a385f167ab5d5d55ea5a71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-12-22 / Capes / Padrões de projeto são considerados uma das mais valiosas tecnologias para produzir software de qualidade. Uma técnica para melhorar o uso de padrões é identificar suas realizações e inferir um conhecimento para melhorá-las. Esta tarefa de encontrar todas as realizações de padrões em um projeto caracteriza-se por ser tediosa para o engenheiro de software. Nessa dissertação apresentamos um sistema assistente para programadores e arquitetos de software, chamado SAMOA (Sistema de Apoio a Modelagem Orientada a Objetos de Aplicações). Este sistema é um assistente interativo para automatizar o trabalho de detecção de realizações de padrões de projetos. Basicamente, o SAMOA é capaz de automaticamente (i) encontrar padrões aplicados em diagramas de classes UML e em fontes JAVA; (ii) produzir possíveis criticas sobre esses padrões. Depois que esses são detectados, um conjunto de críticas de projetos são verificadas para testar se a realização dos padrões pode ser melhorada. E (iii) instanciar padrões visando à geração de código do mesmo, na linguagem de programação Java. Foi implementado um protótipo do sistema que realiza as atividades (i) e (iii). Abordamos, também, quais diferenciais nosso sistema tem em relação aos demais existentes / Design patterns are considered one of the most valuable technologies to produce quality software. A technique to improve the use of patterns is to identify their realizations and to induce a knowlege to enhance their use. This work to find all pattern realizations in a software design can be tedious for the software engineer. In this dissertation we show an assistant system for programmers and software architets, called SAMOA (Sistema de Apoio a Modelagem Orientada a Objetos de Aplicações). This system is an interactive assistant to automate the work of detection of the realizations of design patterns. On principle, SAMOA is able to automatically (i) find patterns applied in UML diagrams and in JAVA;sources (ii) make critiques about these patterns. If a pattern has been detected, a set of design critiques are verified to test if the realization of the pattern can be improved. And (iii) instanciate patterns to aim an automatic code generation in the JAVA programming language. We have implemented a prototype of the system that realizes activities (i) and (iii). We also discuss , wich properties differentiate our system from existing others.

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The overall objective of this study is, to understand how the prehistoric individual experienced her “being in the world”. This is done by examining the spatial relationships of prehistoric remains in order to understand hierarchies. The foundation of the thesis is constructed by using data from the prehistoric settlement of Letolo in Samoa (Independent State of Samoa) in West-Polynesia and Hanga Ho´onu on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in East-Polynesia. These data are stored and analysed in a Geographical Information System (GIS). In the Samoan case the intention is to make previously unpublished surveys available. An aim is to develop a method to interpret social information from the spatial relations of built structures. It is questioned if it is possible to interpret the degree of hierarchy in a prehistoric society only from the spatial relations of features. It is concluded that such an inquiry needs to be paired with preunderstanding and analogies, such as ethnohistorical data, since it otherwise is problematic to ascribe meaning to different built structures. The thesis uses ethnohistory for preunderstanding and analogy. The thesis further examines the worldviews and structures that are shown in the repeated practice of groups in the two settlements. / Det övergripande syftet med föreliggande studie är att komma närmare den förhistoriska människans upplevelse av varat, att komma närmare hennes upplevelse av att finnas till i världen. Detta görs genom att undersöka fornlämningars spatiala relationer för att förstå  hierarkier. I uppsatsen redovisas två databaser och Geografiska Informationssystem som har konstruerats utifrån fornlämningsdata från förhistoriska bosättningar på Samoa i västpolynesien och Rapa Nui i östpolynesien. På Samoa är det Letolodalen på ön Savai´i som undersöks, och på Rapa Nui är det Hanga Ho´onu vid La Pérouse-bukten som undersöks. Uppsatsen ämnar tillgängliggöra opublicerade inventeringar av Letolo på Samoa. En intention är att utarbeta specifika kriterier för att utläsa social information från den spatiala utbredningen av fornlämningar. Arbetet ifrågasätter om det är möjligt att läsa ut graden av hierarki i ett förhistoriskt samhälle utifrån de spatiala relationerna mellan fornlämningar. Svaret är att det går om analogier och förförståelse används då det annars är problematiskt att tillskriva mening till fornlämningar. Eftersom Polynesien är väl dokumenterat utifrån ett etnohistoriskt perspektiv används analogier och förförståelse från dessa berättelser. I uppsatsen undersöks vidare mentala världar och strukturer som visar sig i gruppers upprepade praktiker i de två bosättningarna.

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