No description available.

As more and more trips increase in the decades, the conflicts between the participants are more and more frequent. The main topic of the thesis is to study the impact of the conflicts: the impacts of conflicts between right turn motor vehicles and pedestrians at signalized intersection. The study focus the impacts on urban area. In these areas, the conflicts between pedestrians and motor vehicles are particularly distinct. The situation thesis describes is: most of the signalized intersections whose signal for right-turn vehicle and pedestrian going through are at the same phase, thus unavoidably causes a lot of conflicts between pedestrians and motor vehicles during that time, and it also brings about a great chance of accidents as well. The behavior of motor vehicles drivers and pedestrians highly affects the how they will be conflicted. In addition, the impacts could be different with different flow of motor vehicle and pedestrians. In this process, gap acceptance of the pedestrian weighs a lot. And two models are used here to analyze the conflict. One is from the Swedish Capacity Manual and the other is from HCM 2010. In the thesis, a typical signalized intersection is chosen and the video are recorded to obtain data. The thesis discusses the differences of the two models, and some observed behaviors. And, according to the result, 500 pedestrian flow increase will bring 100 saturation flow rate decrease; and pedestrians flow at peak hour will increase travel time of motor vehicle over 100%. After that, some further studies and alternate methods are discussed.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / South African power stations generate large amounts of highly alkaline fly ash (FA). This waste product has a serious impact on the environment. Acid mine drainage (AMD) is another environmental problem associated with mining. AMD has high heavy metal content in addition to high SO/- concentrations. Several studies have shown that 80-90 % of SO/- can be removed when FA is codisposed with AMD rich in Fe and AI. In South Africa, many sources of contaminated mine waters have circumneutral pH and much lower concentrations of Fe and Al (unlike AMD), but are rich in Ca, Mg and SO2-4. This study evaluated sol removal from circumneutral mme water (CMW) collected from Middleburg coal mine using coal FA collected from Hendrina power station. The following parameters were investigated: the effect of the amount of FA, the effect of the final pH achieved during treatment, the effect of the initial pH of the mine water and the effect of Fe and Al on SO/- removal from mine water. The precipitation of ettringite at alkaline pH was evaluated to further reduce the SO/- concentration to below the DWAF limit for potable water. Removal of sol from mine water was found to be dependent on: the final pH achieved during treatment, the amount of FA used to treat the mine water and the presence of Fe and Al in the mine water. Treatment of CMW using different CMW:FA ratios; 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, and 2:1 resulted in 55, 60, 70 and 71 % SO/- removal respectively. Treatment of CMW to pH 8.98, 9.88, 10.21, 10.96, 11.77 and 12.35 resulted in 6, 19, 37, 45, 63 and 71 % SO/- removal respectively. When the CMW was modified by adding Fe and Al by mixing with Navigation coal mine AMD and treated to pH 10, 93 % SO/- removal was observed. Further studies were done to evaluate the effects of Fe and Al separately. Treatment of simulated Fe containing AMD (Fe-AMD) to pH 9.54, 10.2, 11.8, and 12.1 resulted in 47, 52,65, and 68 % SO/- removal respectively. When Al containing AMD was treated to pH 9.46, 10.3, 11.5 and 12 percentage SO/- removal of 39, 51,55 and 67 % was observed respectively. Ion chromatography (IC), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission (ICP-AES) analysis of the product water, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry analysis of FA and solid residues collected after treatment of mine water complemented with PHREEQC thermodynamic modelling have shown that the mechanism of S042 - removal from mine water depends on the composition of the mine water. The sol- removal mechanism from CMW was observed to depend on gypsum precipitation. On the other hand sol- removal from mine water containing Fe and Al was dependent on the precipitation of gypsum and Fe and Al oxyhydroxysulphates. The oxyhydroxysulphates predicted by PHREEQC as likely to precipitate were alunite, basaluminite, ettringite, jarosites and jurbanite. Treatment of CMW with FA to pH 12.35 removed sol- from 4655 ppm to approximately 1500 ppm. Addition of amorphous AI(OH)3 to CMW that was treated to pH greater than 12 with FA was found to further reduce the sol concentration to 500 ppm which was slightly above the threshold for potable water of 400 ppm. The further decrease of sol concentration from 1500 to 500 ppm was due to ettringite precipitation. Mine water treatment using FA was found to successfully remove all the major elements such as Fe, AI, Mn and Mg to below the DWAF limit for drinking water. The removal of the major elements was found to be pH dependent. Fe and Al were removed at pH 4-7, while Mn and Mg were removed at pH 9 and 11 respectively. The process water from FA treatment followed by gypsum seeding and addition of AI(OH)3 had high concentration of Ca, Cr, Mo and B and a pH of greater than 12. The pH of the process water from FA treatment followed by gypsum seeding and addition of AI(OH)3 was reduced by reacting the process water with CO2 to 7.06. The process water from the carbonation process contained trace elements such as Cr, Mo and B above the DWAF effluent limit for domestic use. Carbonation of the process water reduced the water hardness from 5553 ppm to 317 ppm due to CaC03 precipitation, thereby reducing the Ca concentration from 2224 ppm to 126 ppm.

Cette thèse traite de la modélisation et la commande de l'anesthésie sous un angle théorique et formel. L'anesthésie générale d'un patient au cours d'une opération consiste pour le médecin anesthésiste à contrôler l'état d'endormissement et d'analgésie du patient (éviter un sur ou un sous dosage) en ajustant la perfusion des substances analgésiques et/ou hypnotiques en fonction d'indicateurs cliniques tels que le BIS pour l'hypnose ou la variation de la surface pupillaire pour l'analgésie. Ce manuscrit se compose de trois parties. La première définit les concepts et mots clés utilisés dans le domaine de l'anesthésie, présente une introduction à la modélisation et la commande de l'anesthésie d'un point de vue de l'ingénierie des systèmes, rappelle les caractéristiques et contraintes de la commande des systèmes d'anesthésie et établit un état de l'art des travaux de la littérature. La seconde partie concerne la commande de l'hypnose qui est effectuée en deux phases : induction puis maintenance. Dans la première phase (induction) une commande en temps minimal est calculée pour ramener le patient de son état de réveil vers le voisinage d'un point cible correspondant à un objectif du BIS. Une fois l'état du patient proche de l'état cible, la deuxième phase (maintenance) consiste à garantir que l'état du patient reste dans un ensemble où le BIS est garanti entre 40 et 60 et, éventuellement, suit des références constantes. Dans cette phase, la synthèse des lois de commandes (de type retour d'état et retour de sortie dynamique) prend en compte la saturation de la commande, la positivité du système, la variabilité des patients, ... Dans la troisième partie, on commence par la proposition d'un nouvel indicateur pour la profondeur de l'analgésie et d'une modélisation de la variation de la surface pupillaire. Compte tenu de la quantification de la mesure de cet indicateur, on propose la synthèse d'un retour de sortie dynamique. Ensuite, on fait une analyse de stabilité prenant en compte l'échantillonnage de la mesure. / This thesis deals with the modelling and control of anesthesia from a theoretical and formal angle. The general anesthesia of a patient during an operation consists for the anesthesiologist in checking the hypnotic and analgesic state of the patient (avoid over or under dosage) by adjusting the perfusion of analgesic and/or hypnotics substances based on clinical indicators such as BIS for hypnosis or pupillary surface variation for analgesia. This manuscript consists of three parts. The first defines the concepts and key words used in the field of anesthesia, presents an introduction to the modelling and control of anesthesia from the viewpoint of a control systems engineering, recalls the characteristics and constraints of control of the anesthesia systems and establishes a state of the art of works of the literature. The second part concerns the control of hypnosis which is performed in two phases : induction and maintenance. In the first phase (induction), a minimal time control is calculated to bring the patient from his awakening state to the neighbourhood of a target equilibrium corresponding to an objective of the BIS. Once the patient state is close to the target state, the second phase (maintenance) consists in ensuring that the patient state remains in an invariant set where the BIS is guaranteed between 40 and 60 and possibly follows constant references . In this phase, the synthesis of the control laws (state feedback and dynamic output feedback) takes into account the saturation of the control, the positivity of the system, the variability of the patients, ... In the third part, we begin by proposing a novel indicator for the depth of analgesia and modelling the variation of the pupillary surface. Taking into account the quantification of the measures of this indicator, we propose the synthesis of a dynamic output feedback control. Then, a stability analysis is carried out taking into account the sampling of the measures.

Final publication is available at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11060-014-1715-8 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19605号 / 医博第4112号 / 新制||医||1014(附属図書館) / 32641 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 村井 俊哉, 教授 平岡 眞寛, 教授 山田 泰広 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19695号 / 工博第4150号 / 新制||工||1640(附属図書館) / 32731 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小池 克明, 教授 高岡 昌輝, 准教授 村田 澄彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.