Abstract In 2004 the market shares of Taiwan taken the place of Japan and became the 2nd in the world, only next to Korea.In the near future, we can forecast that TFT-LCD will succeed the semi-conductor industry to stand for the star industry of Taiwan. Since the supplychain of TFT-LCD are very long, complicate and most of the key components controlled by big supplier from Japan and USA. In market,From 2004 Q3, the new 6th and 7th TFT-LCD generation production line in Korea, Japan and Taiwan will start to trial run. At the same time, the LCD-TV market expands slowly by the high price. With all these unclear condition raise the worry about the future of this industry. It is difficult to forecast the feature condition. Taiwan¡¦s company face more competitive and uncertain condition. The conclusions of this study are presented as follows: This study simulates possible condition by poters Industrial scenario in the feature. According these possible condition this study also provide a process of develop competitive strategy for Taiwanese corporations. This research offer suggestions for Taiwanese corporations: 1) proceed to vertical integration in key components and mergers to achieve competitive scale. 2) cooperate or form alliance with Japanese corporations 3) make use of Co-opetition strategy to change the element of competition between Taiwan¡BJapan¡Bchina and Korea. 4) Taiwan companys should create competitive advantages by using the vertical allied with supplier and the strongest advantage of cluster effectiveness. 5) shift manufacturing to China to achieve cost advantage.6) It is good time develping own¡¦s brand. Then Taiwanese corporations will establish competitive advantages in this industry.

The tendency of using flat panel display (FPD) to be the final receiver of digital information is going to take shape because of the digitization. Besides the traditional cathode ray tube (CRT) display , there are several display products in the FPD market, such as liquid crystal display (LCD) , Plasma Display Panels (PDP), organic light-emitter diode (OLED) and so on. Nowadays, because of the innovation of nanotechnnology, which drove the development of carbon nanotubes field effective display (CNT-FED). This new products driven by technology will confront two questions as follows : (1) The can¡¦t understand the real scale of market. (2) They can¡¦t forecast the time they need to spend to realize the market chance. Therefore , how to modify the new-products-entering model is an worthy problem to research . The research was done by using the ways of interviewing experts and secondary data collection. Then, we used scenario analysis to build the most possible scenario that CNT-FED may encounter in the future. Under the scenario, we used the approachs of STP strategy to develop th model that CNT-FED enters the market in the future.From the conclusion of this research, we know that CNT-FED should choose the market segment of big panel at the first time entering the market, and it will complete with PDP. Because the performance of CNT-FED is much better than PDP , we need to let the customers realizing and identifying this difference. Therefore, we can reduce the weakness of CNT-FED because of its high price , and , then, we can build the niche market of CNT-FED.

Šiame darbe apžvelgiame mokymosi metodus, kurie gali būti panaudoti matematikos ugdymo procese taikant informacines technologijas. Apžvelgus metodus buvo peržiūrėtos jau sukurtos lietuviškos mokomosios kompiuterinės priemonės, kurios skirtos matematikos mokymuisi. Išanalizavus mokomąsias kompiuterines priemones nustatyta ko trūksta jau sukurtoms mokomosioms kompiuterinėms priemonėms. Atsižvelgus į trūkumus sukurta mokomoji kompiuterinė priemonė skirta 5 klasei matematikos mokymuisi, kurios pagalba mokiniai galės tobulėti netik matematikos srityje, bet ir informacinių technologijų. Sukurtas mokymosi scenarijus ir vartotojų darbo scenarijai mokiniui, mokytojui ir administratoriui. Ši mokomoji priemonė palengvins mokytojo darbą motyvuojant mokinius matematikos ugdymo procese. Naudodamas šią mokomąją priemonę mokytojas gali pats kurti mokymo medžiagą, testus. Šios mokomosios priemonės pagalba mokytojas gali matyti atliktų testų autorius, atlikimo laiką, gautą balų kiekį, teisingus ir neteisingus atsakymus. Ši mokomoji priemonė bus naudojama ne tik autoriaus, bet ir kitų matematikos mokytojų. Kas paskatintų mokytojų tobulėjimą ne tik matematikos srityje, bet ir informacinių technologijų. / In this paper academic methods, that may be employed in the process of mathematics are reviewed. These methods will apply informational technologies. As the methods were reviewed, new, established Lithuanian educational computer implements designed for math’s learning, were revised. As the educational computer implements were analyzed, drawbacks were identified. According to the drawbacks educational computer program for the course of mathematics for the fifth formers was created. This program will help students to improve not only mathematics skills, but also the skills of informational technologies. Learning scenario, user’s scenarios for students, teachers and administrator were created. This educational implement will relieve the teacher’s work to motivate students in math’s learning. Teacher will be able to make learning material, tests by his own. Teacher also will be able to see the authors of finished tests, the date of accomplishments, the amount of points, correct and incorrect answers. This educational implement will be used not only by it’s authors, but also by other teachers. By this way teachers will improve not only in the sphere of mathematics, but also in the sphere of informational technologies.

Access to modern energy is essential to achieve sustainable development and poverty reduction. However, with about 321 kWh per capita, Rwanda is ranked among the countries that have a lower consumption of primary energy in the world. More than 86 percent of its total energy comes from the traditional biomass energy such as forests, agricultural residues and by-products from crops that lead to environmental degradation and ecological imbalance and negative impacts on human health as well. In addition, only 301,500 ha of forest are available for fuel wood and other uses such as construction for a total population of 10.5 million. Therefore, decentralized energy sources in small-scale are presented to improve access to "appropriate" energy, which are beneficial to human health and environmental perspectives. The anaerobic digestion of biomass, popularly called “biogas”, is one of the appropriate energy technologies for cooking and/or lighting purposes (both in households and in institutions), which receives special attention in Rwanda since 2007. Three main objectives of this study were to assess the current biogas sector in Rwanda, to make projections of biogas development by 2020 and finally to analyze the socio-economic and environment benefits of biogas use to the Rwandan community. The fieldwork conducted in two districts per province in addition to services that are in the capital, was based on the structured questionnaire, discussion with key people and see the state of biogas built. Therefore, in this study we used the "Appropriate Energy Model” to measure the degree of biogas dissemination, which educates for “geographical, institutional, entrepreneurial and socio-cultural “aspects. The results showed that the temperature conditions in the country are generally conducive to the operation of a digester. However, the drought period between June and August, water scarcity in some regions and a low potential for digester feeding impede the propagation of biogas to a large number of people.  The Rwandan entrepreneurs do not face institutional barriers to start-up biogas companies since the bureaucratic system in registration of a company is transparent. The installation costs of biogas plant are so high that they hamper the dissemination of biogas; however biogas technology does not contradict the socio-cultural conditions of Rwandans. Based on projections of potential biogas in Rwanda in 2020, following three scenarios for 2020 biogas development were identified: 1,135,000 biogas plants can be built in 2020 by considering a global basis the potential biogas available If 70% of the population will live in grouped settlements in 2020, 70% of Rwandan households will use biogas if additional resources as livestock and subsidies were provided to the poor families. Only 10% of the population (251,000households) will be eligible for biogas installation Reducing the consumption of firewood after biogas operation provides annual coverage of approximately 0.306 ha of forest area per household. Therefore, each household biogas would reduce annual GHG emissions of about 4.1 tonnes of CO2 and could possibly lead to Rwanda an annual income of about USD 21 due to the reduction of CO2 emissions in a hypothetical rate USD 5 per ton of CO2 if registered under the CDM.

Proefschrift Universiteit Maastricht. / Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

10 pp. / Planning for an uncertain future presents many challenges. Thinking systematically and creatively about what is in store through a process called scenario planning can help illuminate options for action and improve decision-making. This guide focuses on a process for developing scenarios to help communities and watershed groups explore what might happen in the years to come, make more informed decisions today, and build a watershed management process. The systematic approach to scenario planning described here is based on the lessons learned through a yearlong scenario planning process in the Upper Gila Watershed in southeastern Arizona and Water Resource Research Center’s (WRRC) research on scenario planning.

Seismic design, analysis and retrofitting of structures demand an intensive assessment of potential ground motions in seismically active regions. Peak ground motions and frequency content of seismic excitations effectively influence the behavior of structures. In regions of sparse ground motion records, ground-motion simulations provide the synthetic seismic records, which not only provide insight into the mechanisms of earthquakes but also help in improving some aspects of earthquake engineering. Broadband ground-motion simulation methods typically utilize physics-based modeling of source and path effects at low frequencies coupled with high frequency semi-stochastic methods. I apply the hybrid simulation method by Mai et al. (2010) to model several scenario earthquakes in the Marmara Sea, an area of high seismic hazard. Simulated ground motions were generated at 75 stations using systematically calibrated model parameters. The region-specific source, path and site model parameters were calibrated by simulating a Mw4.1 Marmara Sea earthquake that occurred on November 16, 2015 on the fault segment in the vicinity of Istanbul. The calibrated parameters were then used to simulate the scenario earthquakes with magnitudes Mw6.0, Mw6.25, Mw6.5 and Mw6.75 over the Marmara Sea fault. Effects of fault geometry, hypocenter location, slip distribution and rupture propagation were thoroughly studied to understand variability in ground motions. A rigorous analysis of waveforms reveal that these parameters are critical for determining the behavior of ground motions especially in the near-field. Comparison of simulated ground motion intensities with ground-motion prediction quations indicates the need of development of the region-specific ground-motion prediction equation for Istanbul area. Peak ground motion maps are presented to illustrate the shaking in the Istanbul area due to the scenario earthquakes. The southern part of Istanbul including Princes Islands show high amplitudes of shaking. The study serves as a step towards dynamic risk quantification for the Istanbul area that integrates physics based ground-motion simulations into an innovative dynamic exposure model to quantify risk.

Training typically begins with a pre-existing scenario. The training exercise is performed and then an after action review is sometimes held. This “training pipeline” is repeated for each scenario that will be used that day. This approach is used routinely and often effectively, yet it has a number of aspects that can result in poor training. In particular, this process commonly has two associated events that are undesirable. First, scenarios are re-used over and over, which can reduce their effectiveness in training. Second, additional responsibility is placed on the individual training facilitator in that the trainer must now track performance improvements between scenarios. Taking both together can result in a multiplicative degradation in effectiveness. Within any simulation training exercise, a scenario definition is the starting point. While these are, unfortunately, re-used and over-used, they can, in fact, be generated from scratch each time. Typically, scenarios include the entire configuration for the simulators such as entities used, time of day, weather effects, entity starting locations and, where applicable, munitions effects. In addition, a background story (exercise briefing) is given to the trainees. The leader often then develops a mission plan that is shared with the trainee group. Given all of these issues, scientists began to explore more purposeful, targeted training. Rather than an ad-hoc creation of a simulation experience, there was an increased focus on the content of the experience and its effects on training. Previous work in scenario generation, interactive storytelling and computational approaches, while providing a good foundation, fall short on addressing the need for iv adaptive, automatic scenario generation. This dissertation addresses this need by building up a conceptual model to represent scenarios, mapping that conceptual model to a computational model, and then applying a newer procedural modeling technique, known as Functional L-systems, to create scenarios given a training objective, scenario complexity level desired, and sets of baseline and vignette scenario facets. A software package, known as PYTHAGORAS, was built and is presented that incorporates all these contributions into an actual tool for creating scenarios (both manual and automatic approaches are included). This package is then evaluated by subject matter experts in a scenario-based “Turing Test” of sorts where both system-generated scenarios and human-generated scenarios are evaluated by independent reviewers. The results are presented from various angles. Finally, a review of how such a tool can affect the training pipeline is included. In addition, a number of areas into which scenario generation can be expanded are reviewed. These focus on additional elements of both the training environment (e.g., buildings, interiors, etc.) and the training process (e.g., scenario write-ups, etc.).

Thesis advisor: Timothy Crawford / Since 1947, India and Pakistan have gone to war four times and faced several other regional crises over the disputed status of Kashmir. Since 1998, the Kashmir conflict has been characterized by increasingly aggressive nuclear rhetoric and signaling. Nuclear use by either India and Pakistan, even for counterforce targeting, would result in the deaths of millions on the continent and forever damage the taboo surrounding nuclear first-use. This paper will explore the ways in which the ongoing Indo-Pakistan conflict in Kashmir may escalate to the nuclear level. I will argue that a nuclear exchange between India and Pakistan, in reference to the Kashmir conflict, is within the realm of plausibility and therefore deserves careful consideration. I will map out four plausible pathways to nuclear first-use to draw conclusions about what aspects of the Indo-Pakistani relationship are most threatening to regional stability. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Political Science.

Despite the tremendous development in the autonomous vehicle industry, the tools for systematic testing are still lacking. Real-world testing is time-consuming and above all, dangerous. There is also a lack of a framework to automatically generate critical scenarios to test autonomous vehicles. This thesis develops a general framework for end- to- end testing of an autonomous vehicle in a simulated environment. The framework provides the capability to generate and execute a large number of traffic scenarios in a reliable manner. Two methods are proposed to compute the criticality of a traffic scenario. A so-called critical value is used to learn the probability distribution of the critical scenario iteratively. The obtained probability distribution can be used to sample critical scenarios for testing and for benchmarking a different autonomous vehicle. To describe the static and dynamic participants of urban traffic scenario executed by the simulator, OpenDrive and OpenScenario standards are used. / Trots den enorma utvecklingen inom den autonoma fordonsindustrin saknas fortfarande verktygen för systematisk testning. Verklig testning är tidskrävande och framför allt farlig. Det saknas också ett ramverk för att automatiskt generera kritiska scenarier för att testa autonoma fordon. Denna avhandling utvecklar en allmän ram för end-to-end- test av ett autonomt fordon i en simulerad miljö. Ramverket ger möjlighet att generera och utföra ett stort antal trafikscenarier på ett tillförlitligt sätt. Två metoder föreslås för att beräkna kritiken i ett trafikscenario. Ett så kallat kritiskt värde används för att lära sig sannolikhetsfördelningen för det kritiska scenariot iterativt. Den erhållna sannolikhetsfördelningen kan användas för att prova kritiska scenarier för testning och för benchmarking av ett annat autonomt fordon. För att beskriva de statiska och dynamiska deltagarna i stadstrafikscenariot som körs av simulatorn används OpenDrive och OpenScenario-standarder.