Atualmente a popularidade da Web incentiva o desenvolvimento de sistemas hipermídia dedicados ao ensino a distância. Não obstante a maior parte destes sistemas usa os mesmos recursos do ensino tradicional, apresentado o conteúdo como páginas HTML estáticas, não fazendo uso das novas tecnologias que a Web oferece. Um desafío atual é desenvolver sistemas educativos que adaptem seu conteúdo ao estilo de aprendizagem, contexto e nível de conhecimento de cada aluno. Outro assunto de pesquisa é a capacidade de interoperar na Web reutilizando objetos de ensino. Este trabalho apresenta um enfoque que trata esses dois assuntos com as tecnologias da Web Semântica. O trabalho aqui apresentado modela o conhecimento do conteúdo educativo e do perfil do aluno pelo uso de ontologias cujo vocabulário é um refinamento de vocabulários padrões existentes na Web como pontos de referência para apoiar a interoperabilidade semântica. As ontologias permitem a representação numa linguagem formal dos metadados relativos a objetos de ensino simples e das regras que definem suas possíveis formas de agrupamento para desenvolver objetos mais complexos. Estes objetos mais complexos podem ser projetados para se adequar ao perfil de cada aluno por agentes inteligentes que usam a ontologia como origem de suas crenças. A reutilização de objetos de ensino entre diferentes aplicações é viabilizada pela construção de um perfil de aplicação do padrão IEEE LOM-Learning Object Metadata. / Nowadays, the popularity of the Web encourages the development of Hypermedia Systems dedicated to e-learning. Nevertheless, most of the available Web teaching systems apply the traditional paper-based learning resources presented as HTML pages making no use of the new capabilities provided by the Web. There is a challenge to develop educative systems that adapt the educative content to the style of learning, context and background of each student. Another research issue is the capacity to interoperate on the Web reusing learning objects. This work presents an approach to address these two issues by using the technologies of the Semantic Web. The approach presented here models the knowledge of the educative content and the learner’s profile with ontologies whose vocabularies are a refinement of those defined on standards situated on the Web as reference points to provide semantics. Ontologies enable the representation of metadata concerning simple learning objects and the rules that define the way that they can feasibly be assembled to configure more complex ones. These complex learning objects could be created dynamically according to the learners’ profile by intelligent agents that use the ontologies as the source of their beliefs. Interoperability issues were addressed by using an application profile of the IEEE LOM- Learning Object Metadata standard.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-07-04T15:13:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 melissagevezierfioravante.pdf: 1354852 bytes, checksum: 808f66014cdf608e6275e8c268614016 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-07-06T14:20:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 melissagevezierfioravante.pdf: 1354852 bytes, checksum: 808f66014cdf608e6275e8c268614016 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-06T14:20:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 melissagevezierfioravante.pdf: 1354852 bytes, checksum: 808f66014cdf608e6275e8c268614016 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-16 / Este estudo tem por objetivo dissertar sobre as confluências e divergências teóricas entre a Terapia Cognitiva de Aaron Beck e a Terapia do Esquema de Jeffrey Young. Nos últimos 30 anos, surgiu um esforço de alargamento das terapias cognitivas para atender pacientes com patologias graves e com transtornos de personalidade, pois esses casos acabavam por não responder, de maneira satisfatória, ao tratamento de terapia cognitiva tradicional. Dentro desta perspectiva, as diferentes abordagens são definidas em 1ª geração e 2ª geração de terapias cognitivas. A distinção entre ambas as gerações ocorre na adaptação de três pontos importantes: conceitual, estrutural e de processo. Atualmente, observa-se o crescimento de Terapias Cognitivas com proposta integrativa, às quais, além de apresentarem características pertencentes as três abordagens, somam-se preocupações pertinentes às diferenças culturais e espiritualidade. A Terapia dos Esquemas surgiu em 1990 para tratar pacientes com transtornos de personalidade ou transtornos mais severos e arraigados. Através deste estudo, buscou-se analisar as semelhanças e divergências entre os conceitos e hipóteses usados em ambas as teorias: o conceito de “esquema”, o papel da emoção, perspectiva de tratamento para pacientes com transtorno de personalidade e pacientes caracteriológicos ou com transtornos crônicos, o modelo modal e a relação terapêutica e escalas utilizadas. Analisando o conceito de esquema na Terapia do Esquema, observa-se que a definição é significativamente vaga. Quanto à origem dos esquemas disfuncionais, a Terapia Cognitiva aponta para uma falha no processamento de informação diante das situações vivenciadas na realidade. Já a Teoria do Esquema, os esquemas pessoais refletem com bastante precisão o seu ambiente remoto. Quanto ao aspecto relacionado à relação terapêutica, Young apropria-se da ideia de “experiência emocional corretiva” de Alexander e French para dar formas ao seu constructo denominado reparação parental limitada, cujo objetivo é diminuir conflitos remotos através da relação terapêutica, causados por necessidades emocionais não supridas. Diferentemente, a Terapia Cognitiva de Beck aponta para o papel importante da relação terapêutica, defendendo o papel do terapeuta como conselheiro ou modelo, nos casos de pacientes com Transtorno de Personalidade, não objetivando a resolução de conflitos emocionais remotos. / This study aims to work on the confluences and divergences between the theoretical Aaron Beck’ Cognitive Therapy and Jeffrey Young’ Schema Therapy. Over the past 30 years, there has been a broadening effort from cognitive therapies to assist patients with serious illnesses and personality disorders, because these cases ended up in not respond satisfactorily to the treatment of traditional cognitive therapy. Within this perspective, the different approaches are defined in "1st generation" and "2nd generation" cognitive therapies. The distinction between the two generations of adaptation occurs in three major issues: conceptual, structural and process. Currently, there is growth of integrative Cognitive Therapies, which, besides having the three characteristics of all three approaches, add to the concerns about cultural differences and spirituality. Schema Therapy emerged in 1990 to treat patients with personality disorders or those with more severe or entrenched disorders. Through this study, we sought to examine the similarities and differences between the hypothesis and concepts used in both theories: the concept of "scheme", the role of emotion, the prospective treatment for patients with personality disorder or with chronic disorders, the modal model, the therapeutic relationship and the scales. Analyzing the concept of schema in Schema Therapy, it is observed that the definition is significantly vague. Regarding the origin of dysfunctional schemas, Cognitive Therapy points to a failure in the information processing at the situations experienced in reality. Regarding the Theory of Schema, personal schemes reflect quite accurately your remote environment. About the therapeutic relationship, Young appropriates the idea of "corrective emotional experience" from Alexander and French to shape his construct called “limited parental repair”, whose goal is to reduce remote conflicts through the therapeutic relationship, caused by unmet emotional needs. Differently, the Beck Cognitive Therapy points to the important role of the therapeutic relationship, defending the role of counselor or therapist as model in cases of patients with personality disorder, not aiming at the resolution of remote emotional conflicts.

Bien que le Self soit une abstraction omniprésente de notre quotidien, il demeure complexe à définir. L'immense majorité des cultures du monde fait appel aux relations parties-tout afin de conceptualiser cette abstraction intime: nous catégorisons nos corps en tant que touts faits de parties, et réifions beaucoup d'aspects intangibles du Self au travers de l'image schéma PARTIE-TOUT (ex: "J'ai perdu une partie de moi ce jour là"; "je me sens entier"). Le Self et les relations parties-tout ont fait l'objet de nombreuses recherche à ce jour. Il convient donc, dans un premier temps, d'établir l'état de l'art en se focalisant sur un certain nombre de contributions influentes à ce sujet, qui nous permettront d'introduire les concepts et notions clés à partir desquels nous établirons notre hypothèse. Nous proposons une définition étroite de la relation partie-tout, puis, en accord avec le cadre théorique de la linguistique cognitive, nous proposerons que nous pouvons en apprendre sur la conceptualisation du Self en étudiant les expressions linguistiques qui y réfère. En effet, du point de vue de la linguistique cognitive, le sens et la conceptualisation ne font qu'un, et nous analysons donc les mécanismes conceptuels à l’œuvre dans les expressions partie-tout du Self. La linguistique cognitive a réconcilié la pensée et le corps en démontrant que la pensée était incarnée. Nous proposons ainsi d'analyser les expressions partie-tout que les anglophones utilisent pour conceptualiser le Self incarné. Nous montrons que l'anglais a des stratégies syntaxiques encodant la conceptualisation du corps en tant que tout fait de parties de manière très précises. Nous proposerons ensuite d'analyser les stratégies linguistiques que les anglophones utilisent pour faire référence à leur Self intangible. Nous soutenons que le schéma PARTIE-TOUT est omniprésent dans la conceptualisation du Self aussi bien dans ses aspects tangibles, qu'intangibles. Nous soutenons que ce schéma est un modèle récurrent hérité de notre expérience sensorimotrice au travers duquel nous vivons, et que ce système de conceptualisation est très précisément capturé par la langue que nous parlons. / The Self is a ubiquitous abstraction of our daily lives, and yet remains complex to define. The vast majority of the world’s cultures recruit a part-whole conceptualizing process to give shape to this intimate abstraction: we categorize our bodies as wholes made of parts, and we reify many aspects of our intangible Self through the PART-WHOLE schema (e.g. “I lost a part of me that can never be replaced”; “I feel whole”). The Self and part-whole relations have both received a considerable amount of attention. I first review influential contributions to both domains of investigation to introduce the theoretical background and key concepts, upon which I build my argument, and also raise some issues, which I propose to address throughout this dissertation. I propose a narrow definition for the part-whole relation, and following the cognitive linguistic literature, I argue that we can learn more about the way we conceptualize our Self by analyzing the linguistic expressions that refer to it. Indeed, from the standpoint of Cognitive Linguistics, meaning is conceptualization, and I thus analyze the conceptual mechanisms at work in part-whole expressions of the Self. Cognitive Linguistics has put back together the long divorced mind and body in Western culture by demonstrating that the mind is embodied. Accordingly, I first propose to analyze part-whole expressions that English speakers use to conceptualize the Embodied Self. I show that English has syntactic strategies that encode the conceptualization of the body as a whole made of parts at a fine level of granularity. I then propose to analyze linguistic strategies English speakers use to refer to their Intangible Self. In both tangible and intangible aspects of the Self I argue that the PART-WHOLE schema is a pervasive recurring pattern of our sensorimotor experience that we live through, and that this complex conceptual system is precisely encoded in language.

The present study aimed to assess whether there is an association of Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) in acute Axis I disorders in a mixed clinical population of 21 women and 10 men, aged between 18 and 57 years. For this purpose, two evaluation instruments were used: the Young Schema Questionnaire - Short version (YSQ-S3) and the MINI diagnostic interview Plus Version 5.0.0. For this method, cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach was performed. The sample allowed us to evaluate the association of EMS with the diagnostic category of anxiety, mood, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia and GAD. After collecting data, the data were subjected to statistical analyzes, performed by Fisher's exact test procedures. The results were the significance p 043 Subjugation of the EID for the group of anxiety disorders and a significance p 048 second schematic Domain - Autonomy and impaired performance for comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia and GAD, compared to other diagnostic found in studies of anxiety. No associations of EMS for bipolarity GAD and mood disorders were found. The current literature indicates that the Schema Theory has been applied most often to personality disorders, however the stability of Early Maladaptive Schemas combine as a vulnerability factor for mood disorders and anxiety. Therefore, Schema Therapy has shown relevance for acute disorders, especially among the more chronic cases of mood and anxiety disorders, which have high levels of EMS. Research is needed to strengthen this assertion and better identify cases that may benefit most. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal averiguar a existência de associação de Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos (EIDs) em transtornos agudos de Eixo I numa amostra clínica mista de 21 mulheres e 10 homens, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 57 anos. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos de avaliação: o Questionário de Esquemas de Young - versão breve (YSQ-S3) e a entrevista diagnóstica M.I.N.I. Plus Version 5.0.0. Para tal, foi realizado como método um estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra possibilitou avaliar associação de EIDs com a categoria diagnóstica de ansiedade, de humor, de bipolaridade, de transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG) e da comorbidade de transtorno de pânico com agorafobia e TAG. Após a coleta, os dados foram submetidos a procedimentos estatísticos e análises realizadas através do Teste Exato de Fisher. Os resultados encontrados foram uma significância p 0,043 do EID de Subjugação para o grupo de transtornos de ansiedade e uma significância p 0,048 do segundo Domínio esquemático Autonomia e desempenho prejudicados para a comorbidade de pânico com agorafobia e TAG, em comparação aos outros diagnósticos de ansiedade encontrados nos estudos. Não foram encontradas significâncias de EIDs para bipolaridade, TAG e em transtornos de humor. A literatura atual aponta que a Teoria do Esquema tem sido aplicada mais frequentemente a perturbações da personalidade, entretanto a estabilidade dos Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos combinam como um fator de vulnerabilidade para transtornos de humor e ansiedade. Assim sendo, a Terapia do Esquema vem apresentando relevância para os transtornos agudos, especialmente entre os casos mais crônicos de humor e ansiedade, que apresentam níveis elevados de EIDs. Pesquisas ainda são necessárias para reforçar tal afirmação e identificar melhor os casos que podem se beneficiar mais.

De nos jours, les applications complexes telles que l'extraction de connaissances, la fouille de données, le E-learning ou les applications web utilisent des données hétérogènes et distribuées. Dans ce contexte, la qualité de toute décision dépend de la qualité des données utilisées. En effet, avec l'absence de données riches, précises et fiables, une organisation peut prendre potentiellement de mauvaises décisions. L'objectif de cette thèse consiste à assister l'utilisateur dans sa démarche qualité. Il s'agit de mieux extraire, mélanger, interpréter et réutiliser les données. Pour cela, il faut rattacher aux données leurs sens sémantiques, leurs types, leurs contraintes et leurs commentaires. La première partie s'intéresse à la reconnaissance sémantique du schéma d'une source de données. Elle permet d'extraire la sémantique des données à partir de toutes les informations disponibles, incluant les données et les métadonnées. Elle consiste, d'une part, à classifier les données en leur attribuant une catégorie et éventuellement une sous-catégorie, et d'autre part, à établir des relations inter colonnes et de découvrir éventuellement la sémantique de la source de données manipulée. Ces liens inter colonnes une fois détectés offrent une meilleure compréhension de la source ainsi que des alternatives de correction des données. En effet, cette approche permet de détecter de manière automatique un grand nombre d'anomalies syntaxiques et sémantiques. La deuxième partie consiste à nettoyer les données en utilisant les rapports d'anomalies fournis par la première partie. Elle permet une correction intra colonne (homogénéisation des données), inter colonnes (dépendances sémantique) et inter lignes (élimination des doublons et similaire). Tout au long de ce processus, des recommandations ainsi que des analyses sont proposées à l'utilisateur. / Nowadays, complex applications such as knowledge extraction, data mining, e-learning or web applications use heterogeneous and distributed data. The quality of any decision depends on the quality of the used data. The absence of rich, accurate and reliable data can potentially lead an organization to make bad decisions.The subject covered in this thesis aims at assisting the user in its quality ap-proach. The goal is to better extract, mix, interpret and reuse data. For this, the data must be related to its semantic meaning, data types, constraints and comments.The first part deals with the semantic schema recognition of a data source. This enables the extraction of data semantics from all the available information, inculding the data and the metadata. Firstly, it consists of categorizing the data by assigning it to a category and possibly a sub-category, and secondly, of establishing relations between columns and possibly discovering the semantics of the manipulated data source. These links detected between columns offer a better understanding of the source and the alternatives for correcting data. This approach allows automatic detection of a large number of syntactic and semantic anomalies.The second part is the data cleansing using the reports on anomalies returned by the first part. It allows corrections to be made within a column itself (data homogeni-zation), between columns (semantic dependencies), and between lines (eliminating duplicates and similar data). Throughout all this process, recommendations and analyses are provided to the user.

A study was conducted to investigate the relationship of students' concept integration and achievement with time spent within a topic and across related topics in a large first semester guided inquiry organic chemistry class. Achievement was based on evidence of algorithmic problem solving; and concept integration was based on demonstrated performance explaining, applying, and relating concepts to each other. Twelve individual assessments were made of both variables over three related topics - acid/base, nucleophilic substitution and electrophilic addition reactions. Measurements included written, free response and ordered multiple answer questions using a classroom response system. Results demonstrated that students can solve problems without conceptual understanding. A second study was conducted to compare the students' learning approach at the beginning and end of the course. Students were scored on their preferences for a deep, strategic, or surface approach to learning based on their responses to a pre and post survey. Results suggest that students significantly decreased their preference for a surface approach during the semester. Analysis of the data collected was performed to determine the relationship between students' learning approach and their concept integration and achievement in this class. Results show a correlation between a deep approach and concept integration and a strong negative correlation between a surface approach and concept integration.

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This diploma thesis deals with the comparison of two schemes for students learning. Those are a three-phase E-R-R model, the parts of which are called Evocation, Realization of Meaning, Reflection. The second model is five-phase learning model 5Es, with the following parts: Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate. Comparison of the models was done by the method of action research at the Magic Hill Elementary School in Říčany during a complex student practicum in 2017. The research lasted for two weeks and involved two fourth grade classes. In total, 31 pupils participated in the research. The research was conducted alternately in both classes. On one topic, two lessons were always prepared, each of which was based on one of the comparative pedagogical models. Each day, one subject was taught in both classes, with class 4.A being done with E-U-R and class 4.B with 5E. Lectured subjects were Czech language and mathematics. The research has shown that the compared pedagogical models are very similar, although they differ in their structure and particularly in the number of phases. The E-R-R model is better suited to shorter learning units, while model 5E requires longer units for its efficiency. Both models can be modified according to the needs of the teacher, pupil, subject, etc., whereas...

This diploma thesis deals with the design of a thermal scheme of steam power plant. The introductory part of the thesis is dedicated to theory about thermal power plants, especially those with supercritical steam parameters. In the following parts, there is a design of the thermal scheme of the coal burning power plant. First separate parts, then all interconnected. The last chapter deals with energy and media balance involved in the process.

The use of databases has become an integral part of modern human life. Often the data contained within databases has substantial value to enterprises and individuals. As databases become a greater part of people’s daily lives, it becomes increasingly interlinked with human behaviour. Negative aspects of this behaviour might include criminal activity, negligence and malicious intent. In these scenarios a forensic investigation is required to collect evidence to determine what happened on a crime scene and who is responsible for the crime. A large amount of the research that is available focuses on digital forensics, database security and databases in general but little research exists on database forensics as such. It is difficult for a forensic investigator to conduct an investigation on a DBMS due to limited information on the subject and an absence of a standard approach to follow during a forensic investigation. Investigators therefore have to reference disparate sources of information on the topic of database forensics in order to compile a self-invented approach to investigating a database. A subsequent effect of this lack of research is that compromised DBMSs (DBMSs that have been attacked and so behave abnormally) are not considered or understood in the database forensics field. The concept of compromised DBMSs was illustrated in an article by Olivier who suggested that the ANSI/SPARC model can be used to assist in a forensic investigation on a compromised DBMS. Based on the ANSI/SPARC model, the DBMS was divided into four layers known as the data model, data dictionary, application schema and application data. The extensional nature of the first three layers can influence the application data layer and ultimately manipulate the results produced on the application data layer. Thus, it becomes problematic to conduct a forensic investigation on a DBMS if the integrity of the extensional layers is in question and hence the results on the application data layer cannot be trusted. In order to recover the integrity of a layer of the DBMS a clean layer (newly installed layer) could be used but clean layers are not easy or always possible to configure on a DBMS depending on the forensic scenario. Therefore a combination of clean and existing layers can be used to do a forensic investigation on a DBMS. PROBLEM STATEMENT The problem to be addressed is how to construct the appropriate combination of clean and existing layers for a forensic investigation on a compromised DBMS, and ensure the integrity of the forensic results. APPROACH The study divides the relational DBMS into four abstract layers, illustrates how the layers can be prepared to be either in a found or clean forensic state, and experimentally combines the prepared layers of the DBMS according to the forensic scenario. The study commences with background on the subjects of databases, digital forensics and database forensics respectively to give the reader an overview of the literature that already exists in these relevant fields. The study then discusses the four abstract layers of the DBMS and explains how the layers could influence one another. The clean and found environments are introduced due to the fact that the DBMS is different to technologies where digital forensics has already been researched. The study then discusses each of the extensional abstract layers individually, and how and why an abstract layer can be converted to a clean or found state. A discussion of each extensional layer is required to understand how unique each layer of the DBMS is and how these layers could be combined in a way that enables a forensic investigator to conduct a forensic investigation on a compromised DBMS. It is illustrated that each layer is unique and could be corrupted in various ways. Therefore, each layer must be studied individually in a forensic context before all four layers are considered collectively. A forensic study is conducted on each abstract layer of the DBMS that has the potential to influence other layers to deliver incorrect results. Ultimately, the DBMS will be used as a forensic tool to extract evidence from its own encrypted data and data structures. Therefore, the last chapter shall illustrate how a forensic investigator can prepare a trustworthy forensic environment where a forensic investigation could be conducted on an entire PostgreSQL DBMS by constructing a combination of the appropriate forensic states of the abstract layers. RESULTS The result of this study yields an empirically demonstrated approach on how to deal with a compromised DBMS during a forensic investigation by making use of a combination of various states of abstract layers in the DBMS. Approaches are suggested on how to deal with a forensic query on the data model, data dictionary and application schema layer of the DBMS. A forensic process is suggested on how to prepare the DBMS to extract evidence from the DBMS. Another function of this study is that it advises forensic investigators to consider alternative possibilities on how the DBMS could be attacked. These alternatives might not have been considered during investigations on DBMSs to date. Our methods have been tested at hand of a practical example and have delivered promising results. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted