The focal objective of this thesis was to examine the potential advantage of introducing the self-schema concept, indexed by response time, into personality assessment. The basic rationale for the use of response time is that a self-schema facilitates response time for self-referent information as it permits people to make assessments easier and automatic. A self-schema is a cognitive structure containing the generic knowledge that people have about themselves, influencing all aspects of the processing of self-relevant information in order to organize, summarize and explain their behavior. Paper I examined the self-schema proposition that the relation between personality score and response time for the Big Five personality factors is curvilinear in accordance with the inverted-U effect. Using more appropriate statistical methods than in previous studies, Study 1 and Study 2 confirmed the existence of the inverted-U effect for all Big Five factors. Thus the results provided support for the self-schema perspective as people scoring low or high on the Big Five traits responded faster than those scoring in the middle. Previous research has shown that the Big Five personality factors Openness to Experience and Agreeableness are powerful predictors of prejudice. The main question in Paper II was whether this prediction could be improved by including a measure of self-schema (schematicity). The results of Study 3 demonstrated that response time significantly improved the prediction of generalized prejudice from the mentioned personality factors and disclosed both an additive and a moderating effect. Thus, the relation between personality trait score and generalized prejudice is moderated by how schematic a person is. Paper III examined the potential linkage between heritability and self-schema. In Study 4, 5, and 6, the relation between heritability and response time for the Big Five personality facets (subfactors) was examined. The results revealed that personality response time is related to personality heritability so that shorter response times are associated with higher heritabilities. Putting the present results into the context of self-schemas, this means that Big Five personality facets with a large heritability on the average would have higher schematicity than those with small heritability estimates. The results of the present thesis extend previous work in the area of self-schema. The findings suggest that self-schema, measured by response time, may be a useful additional tool to fine-tune personality assessment. Also, the findings put emphasis on the importance of considering possible curvilinear relationships and interaction effects in order to better comprehend the rationale underlying self-schemata processing.  Finally, the results imply that the heritability of personality traits should be taken into account when we construct theories and models in personality psychology. The implications of these results are discussed and directions for future research are highlighted.

The goal of the present study was to examine the relationships between gender schema, level of cultural identification, and body dissatisfaction in African American men. The first hypothesis under study was that men with a low identification to African American culture would report higher dissatisfaction with their body than those with a high cultural identification. Secondly, it was hypothesized that men with a large discrepancy from their culture’s description of an “ideal man” would also report higher body dissatisfaction than those with low or no discrepancy. Lastly, it was hypothesized that an interaction between variables would occur and that men who were less identified with their African American culture and reported themselves as not matching their culture’s masculine ideal would have higher levels of body dissatisfaction than men who were highly identified with their African American culture and reported themselves as strongly matching their culture’s masculine ideal. Participants were 42 college and post-graduate African American males that were recruited from a Southern university. Participants were assessed using the Body Assessment (BA), Body Satisfaction Questionnaire (BSQ), Physical Appearance Comparison Scale (PACS), Physical Attractiveness Scale (PAS), Cross Racial Identity Scale (CRIS), and the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI). Results supported all three hypotheses: men lower in cultural identification with a high masculine discrepancy reported higher body dissatisfaction than those higher in cultural identification with a lower masculine discrepancy. The importance of these findings is that, as the idealized physical image of masculinity becomes more ubiquitous, it is likely that men who measure themselves against this ideal will have greater difficulty achieving self-acceptance and struggle for an unrealistic (and often unhealthy) level of control. Such a struggle for control could lead to engagement in behaviors that could potentially contribute to poor health such as pathological or disordered eating, excessive exercise, and abuse of performance-enhancing substances including food supplements and anabolic steroids. Limitations and suggestions for continued research are also discussed.

The Web turns out to be a collection of services that interoperate through the Internet. As the number of services increase, it is getting more and more diffucult for users to find, filter and integrate these services depending on their requirements. Automatic techniques are being developed to fulfill these tasks. The first step toward automatic composition is the discovery of services needed. UDDI which is one of the accepted web standards, provides a registry of web services. However representation capabilities of UDDI are insufficient to search for services on the basis of what they provide. Semantic web initiatives like OWL and OWL-S are promising for locating exact services based on their capabilities. In this thesis, a new semantic service discovery mechanism is implemented based on OWL-S service profiles. The service profiles of an advertisement and a request are matched based on OWL ontologies describing them. In contrast to previous work on the subject, the ontologies of the advertisement and the request are not assumed to be same. In case they are different, schema matching algorithms are applied. Schema matching algorithms find the mappings between the given schema models. A hybrid combination of semantic, syntactic and structural schema matching algorithms are applied to match ontologies

Data obtained from foreign data sources often come with only superficial structural information, such as relation names and attribute names. Other types of metadata that are important for effective integration and meaningful querying of such data sets are missing. In particular, relationships among attributes, such as foreign keys, are crucial metadata for understanding the structure of an unknown database. The discovery of such relationships is difficult, because in principle for each pair of attributes in the database each pair of data values must be compared. A precondition for a foreign key is an inclusion dependency (IND) between the key and the foreign key attributes. We present with Spider an algorithm that efficiently finds all INDs in a given relational database. It leverages the sorting facilities of DBMS but performs the actual comparisons outside of the database to save computation. Spider analyzes very large databases up to an order of magnitude faster than previous approaches. We also evaluate in detail the effectiveness of several heuristics to reduce the number of necessary comparisons. Furthermore, we generalize Spider to find composite INDs covering multiple attributes, and partial INDs, which are true INDs for all but a certain number of values. This last type is particularly relevant when integrating dirty data as is often the case in the life sciences domain - our driving motivation.

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Master‘s graduation dissertation research object is the drive of one unit of multisection web-fed flexographic printing press „Omet Varyflex 420 FP“. The main purpose of the work is drive’s dynamical precision research, basing on the torsion vibration. But the main attention is concentrated on the research object mathematical model creation. It will be able to investigate torsion vibration. In the beginning there is description of the research object, its dynamical model and assumptions, made while modeling the object. As the main research object is mechanical drive, unit’s electric drive is not detailed. Unit‘s structural model is created using the „MATLAB Simulink“ software. While modeling, it was proved the model is adequate. It was investigated how generalized coordinates and dynamical datums change while the press is switched on and starts to work with constant angular acceleration and when the angular speed reaches particular value, it does not change any more. Amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency responses of some generalized coordinates were got. Changing some parameters flexographic printing plate aging is modeled. It is watched how aging influences torsion vibration. While modeling it was determined how gearwheels cyclic harmonic error’s amplitude and beds resistance coefficients influence dynamical datums. It was also determined unit’s electric drive influence on generalized coordinates frequency responses. Basing on the analysis of the results, the conclusions... [to full text]

Magistro darbe yra tiriama parabolinės lygties su nelokaliąja integraline Robino sąlyga skirtuminė schema. Skirtuminės schemos stabilumui nagrinėti naudojama skirtuminio operatoriaus su nelokaliąja sąlyga spektro struktūros tyrimo metodika bei Maple programa, skirta kompiuteriniams eksperimentams atlikti. Atlikto magistro darbo rezultatai papildo iki šiol kitų mokslininkų gautus rezultatus tiriant parabolinių lygčių su nelokaliosiomis sąlygomis išreikštinių skirtuminių schemų tyrimus. Magistro darbą sudaro: įvadas, šešios pagrindinės dalys bei išvados. Įvadiniame skyriuje aptariamas temos aktualumas ir darbo tikslas, nurodomi naudojami tyrimo metodai. Antrajame ir trečiajame skyriuose suformuluojama parabolinės lygties su nelokaliąja integraline Robino išreikštinė skirtuminė schema bei jos pakankamoji stabilumo sąlyga. Ketvirtajame, penktajame ir šeštajame skyriuose randamas išreikštinės schemos stabilumas įvairiais atvejais bei pateikiama gautų rezultatų analizė. Septintajame skyriuje atliktas skaitinis eksperimentas. Pateikiamos viso darbo bendrosios išvados. / In the master work, explicit difference scheme for parabolic equation with nonlocal integral Robin condition, is considered. Stability condition of difference scheme is used to examine spectrum structure of differential operator with nonlocal condition and software of Maple, which perform of sacred to the computer experiment. My the master work extends and suplements the results of other scientists in analysis for explicit difference scheme for parabolic equation with nonlocal conditions. The master work consists of the introduction, six chapters and the conclusions. In the introduction the topicality of the problem and object of work are defined, also methods of analysis is presented. In the second and third chapters, explicit difference scheme for parabolic equation with nonlocal integral Robin condition is formulated and also the sufficient stability condition of the difference sheme. In the fourth, fifth and the sixth chapters the stability explicit difference scheme is considered and analysis the results is presented. In the seventh chapter the numerical experiment is used. The conlusions are presented.

A new operationalization was used to model a schema-based approach to moral judgment, as well as compare it to predictions based on the Social Intuitionist Model. Judgments were made about the moral wrongness of killing different animals. At Time 1, only moral judgments were made. At Time 2 judgments were made again, with questions and scales relating to attributing morally relevant cognitive capacities also included; further, two randomized conditions varied the presentation order of the scales. Differences between Time 1 and 2 indicated a reversed perspective-taking effect, with animals of lower capacities rated less empathically at Time 2. Affective ratings and attributed capacities were compared as different predictors, showing attributed capacities being more powerful. A group comparison was also made between active animal rights proponents and non-proponents, showing differences on several factors. These and other findings are discussed with relation to the Social Intuitionist Model and a schema-based account of morality.

本文旨在探討透過後設論述觀念的教授，對高中生英文閱讀表現有否顯著效益，同時加以深入分析後設論述觀念，對於不同英語能力程度的學生在其閱讀表現有否不同的效益。 壹、研究方法 (一) 本行動研究以八十位桃園縣立某高中二年級兩班社會組學生為本實驗教學之對象。將兩班學生分成實驗組和控制組，同時在實驗組班級中，依據其在英語分級測驗的成績分配出高分組和低分組。 (二) 兩組受試者先進行閱讀理解的前測，並填寫一份有關其已知語言學習策略之問卷，實驗組學生接受十二週後設論述觀念的閱讀教學，而控制組學生只接受一般高中英文課程教學。 (三) 此外，實驗組學生並填寫有關於後設論述觀念的前後問卷，兩組受試者前後測成績皆以獨立及相依樣本t 檢定統計方法來分析學生的成績。 問卷的結果以百分比形式及統計卡方方法表列；百分比同質性檢定用來分析高分組和低分組學生們對於後設論述觀念教授的不同反應。 統計顯著水準.05 用於所有分析中以決定顯著差異是否存在。 (四) 最後，實驗組受試者須填寫一份有關於他們對後設論述觀念教授的觀感以及策略應用之問卷。 貳、研究結果 (一) 實驗組和控制組間其閱讀表現並有顯著差異。 實驗組學生因有後設論述觀念教授而在閱讀表現上有顯著提升。 (二) 實驗組的高分組與低分組在前後測閱讀表現有顯著差異。 高分組及低分組學生皆因有後設論述觀念教授而在閱讀表現上有顯著提升。尤其對高分組學生閱讀表現助益更大 (三) 問卷結果顯示，大部分實驗組學生對於後設論述觀念教授在閱讀表現上的效益抱持肯定態度。高分組及低分組學生皆持正面態度。 (四) 問卷結果顯示，大部分實驗組學生認為對於後設論述基模中的文本後設論述觀念的學習，較優於人際間後設論述觀念的學習。 (五) 問卷結果顯示，大部分實驗組學生認為，應用文本後設論述中的連接轉折詞及順序詞 對於提升他們英文閱讀能力幫助極大。　 參、研究限制 (一) 本研究在實際高中英文閱讀教學情境中進行，僅以研究者所任教之兩個班級為對象，目的在於透過後設論述觀念教授高中生英文閱讀之研究，探討此教學方法應用於台灣高中學生在英語閱讀學習之成效及可能遭遇的學習瓶頸。因此，若欲據以推論其它不同學校與不同程度學生之教學應用，尚需進ㄧ步探究。 (二) 國外文獻多數討論後設論述觀念與英文作文教學應用，有關於和英語閱讀學習成效的文獻則極為稀少。本研究根據研究結果，提出後設論述觀念教授與第二外語英語閱讀教學意涵上的探討，提供台灣英語教師教學策略的的思考和想法。 / This study explores whether if there are significant effects of metadiscourse schema on senior high EFL students’English reading comprehension. The study further investigates if there are significant effects of metadiscourse schema on reading comprehension for students with different language proficiency levels. It also reports the students’responses to metadiscourse schema on: the textual and interpersonal aspects. The subjects are eighty second-graders from Y.F. Senior High School in Taoyuan County. They are equally divided into the experimental and control groups based on the statistical s-shape distribution. The experimental group is further categorized into high-and low-proficiency subgroups based on the score of the placement test. Subjects in the experimental group take the instruction of metadiscourse schema for reading comprehension in twelve weeks. All subjects take the pre-and post-test for reading comprehension and fill in Questionnaire I. 　　The independent and dependent-sample t-test is used to analyze the subjects’ scores in the tests. The results of Questionnaire II are tabulated in terms of frequency and percentage. The results of Questionnaire II between high-and low-proficiency groups are analyzed by the test of homogeneity of proportions. Besides, the results of Questionnaire III also be discussed and analyzed. The .05 level of significance is used in all analysis as the criterion level for determining a significant difference. The major findings in this study are summarized as follows: 1.There is a significant difference in the reading performance between the experimental and control groups. When metadiscourse schema is instructed to the experimental group, the EG subjects have the significant improvement in reading performance. 2.There are significant differences for the high-and low-proficiency groups in the experimental group between Questionnaire II before and after the metadiscourse instruction. HPG gain more benefit from the instruction of metadiscourse schema than LPG. 3.The results of Questionnaire III on the students’ responses to metadiscourse schema show that most subjects’ perception of the effects of metadiscourse schema on the reading performance is positive. 4.EG subjects gain more benefit from the instruction of the textual metadiscourse than the interpersonal metadiscourse. 5.The results of Questionnaires II on the instruction of metadiscourse schema indicate that logical connectives and frame markers in the textual metadiscourse are the features most frequently used by senior high EFL students Based on the above-mentioned findings, pedagogical implications are provided and further research suggested.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2006--Karlsruhe.