Introduction The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders is very common. The main objective of the study was to identify any association between the severity of musculoskeletal symptoms and treatment choice by workers in automobile manufacturing plants. Methods A cross-sectional study of 1017 production workers in six automobile manufacturing plants was performed. The study included the structured interviews to determine symptoms, preexisting personal risk factors, treatment choices (health care provider or no treatment sought), job strain, and job satisfaction. Nordic style questionnaire for symptoms, Karasek’s Demand Control Model and three job satisfaction questions were used to assign symptom severity, job strain, and job satisfaction, respectively. The case definition was that the person sought treatment from plant clinic or personal health care provider. The independent variables were symptom severity (2 levels), job strain (2 levels), job satisfaction (3 levels). The logistic analysis was used for data analysis. Results The Whole Body symptoms severity score was taken as the highest symptoms severity for any body region. Those with High symptoms were more likely to seek treatment than those with Low symptoms, OR=2.3 (1.23-4.27, 95%CI). There was no effect associated with job strain and job satisfaction. Those with osteoarthritis, neurological disorders and hypertension sought more treatment, OR= 3.32 (1.55-7.11, 95%CI), OR=30.5 (5.37-173, 95%CI) and OR=2.97 (1.19-7.44, 95%CI). Sex was significant, where women were more likely to seek treatment than men, OR=2.3 (1.33-3.07, 95%CI). There were no significant findings for BMI, diabetes, rheumatologic disorder, thyroid problems, and smoking. Conclusion The study found an association between the severity of the symptoms for a musculoskeletal disorder and the decision to seek treatment from a health care provider (either plant clinic or private provider). Participants with osteoarthritis, neurological disease and hypertension were also more likely to seek treatment more than those without the conditions. Women were more likely to seek treatment than men.

Räddningstjänsten är ett yrke där risktagande är en del av vardagen för personalen, det finns många olika faktorer som påverkar hur och varför ett beslut tas före och under en räddningsinsats. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka skillnader i risktagande mellan befattningar inom räddningstjänsten, baserat på faktorer som sensationssökning och synen på den egna kontrollen av handlingar och dess konsekvenser. Metoden som användes var en webenkät baserad på två validerade tester för att undersöka dessa faktorer; Sensation Seeking Scale samt Locus of Control-test. Sammanlagt deltog 17 stycken respondenter och alla var män, befattningarna varierade mellan brandman, styrkeledare, insatsledare, ställföreträdande räddningschef samt räddningschef. Resultatet visade en signifikant skillnad i sensationssökning mellan befattningarna där de lägre befattningarna hade störst sensationssökning. Ingen signifikant skillnad i Locus of Control-testet mellan befattningarna fanns. Slutsatsen utifrån resultatet är att lägre befattningar inom räddningstjänsten söker sensation i större utsträckning än högre befattningar och kan sägas ha en annan syn på risker och risktagande. Till exempel är en större tolerans för risker, en mindre erfarenhet av yrket och dess riskfyllda situationer samt en större acceptans för konsekvenser av ett risktagande, olika karaktärsdrag för vad en större sensationssökning innebär.

Social networking platforms have grown to become the most popular websites on the Internet,and are the most widely used tool for job seeking nowadays. In this study the researchersinvestigate the job seekers perspective on what they perceive as the benefits of using socialnetworking platforms when used as a job seeking method. The benefits are how socialnetworking platforms are superior to traditional job seeking methods. The researchers refer totraditional job seeking methods as methods used before the popularization of social media,such as handing in paper resumes to employers and also the Internet before social media.Although the major focus is on the Internet which can nowadays be seen as the newtraditional method, before people started using social networking sites. This study thereforefocus on the transition from the Internet into Web 2.0 with social networking platforms andhow the labor market and job seeking methods has changed with this new informationtechnology. This study is a qualitative research study that is based on a hermeneuticperspective, an inductive approach and a cross-sectional research design. To be able to findanswers for this study’s purpose and research question, a utilization of in-depth semistructuredinterviews on five respondents have been conducted. What was found in the studywas that job seekers indeed perceive that there are benefits to using social networkingplatforms for job seeking, over traditional methods. What was also found was that the jobseeking process has not changed that much, although it has become more effective by beingavailable online and on social networking platforms. The perceived benefits that wereconcluded based on the analysis and discussion of the theoretical and empirical data were:globalization, more effective, easier networking, increased personal visibility and the accessto social networking platforms niched for specific professions.

Idag är det mycket vanligt att man använder internet för att söka reda på och ta till sig information, detta är ofta en mycket snabb och enkel metod. För personer med språkliga problem är det dock inte alltid lika enkelt, dagens sökmotorer tar inte hänsyn till hur lättläst en text är (Google har börjat experimentera lite med detta på engelska). En metod för att hjälpa personer med sådana behov är att sortera sökträffar efter hur läsbara de är enligt olika läsbarhetsmått som beräknas automatiskt av en dator. Risken är då att en sådan omfördelning av resultaten premierar träffar som innehåller mindre information eller är irrelevanta givet sökningen. Syftet med studien är att undersöka samband mellan läsbarhet innehåll och relevans för att i förlängningen kunna utforma algoritmer som kan användas för att hitta texter med lagom läsbarhet och informationstäthet åt personer med eller utan lässvårigheter. 21 texter hämtades från sökmotorn Google via sju olikasökningar. Försökspersoner har därefter fått läsa texterna och svara på frågor kring hur de upplevde dem. Alla automatiska läsbarhets och idédensitetsmått ser ut att ge viss indikation på hur en text upplevs av försökspersonerna och därigenom påverka vilka texter som föredras, även antalet ord i en text ser ut att vara en viktig indikator här. / In todays society it is common to use the Internet to search for and take in information, it is often a quick and easy method. For people with language problems it is not always as easy, todays major search engines do not take the readability of a text. One way to help peope with such needs is to sort the search result by readable the are according to automatic readability-measures. There's a risk that such re-ordering of the results will promote results containing less information or even being irrelevant to the search. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between readability, content and relevance in order to, in the future, produce algorithms aimed at finding texts with a good readability for people with or without a reading disability. Three searches were made with Google, collecting seven texts in Swedish per search. The subjects read texts from the searches and answered questions about their experience of them. All automatic readability and content measures seem to give some indication of how a text was experienced and therefore seem to affect which text is preferred, even the number of words seem to be an important indicator.

ABSTRAKT Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende är ett svårdefinierat och svårt problem att handskas med eftersom det oftast sker i hemlighet med en stor känsla av skam och skuld. Mörkertalet är stort och det är en känslig och svårbehandlad grupp, och denna grupp av människor har svårt att söka hjälp. Det finns en tydlig korrelation mellan självskadebeteende och suicidförsök. För att försöka få dessa personer att söka hjälp och minska risken för suicid måste det uppdagas varför dessa personer tvekar till att söka hjälp.   Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att beskriva varför personer med självskadebeteende tvekar till att söka hjälp.   Metod: Studien är en allmän litteraturöversikt av 8 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativa data. Artiklarna har kvalitetsgranskats och analyserats genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att slutligen sammanställas. Databaser som användes var CINAHL, PubMed och PsycINFO.   Resultat: 5 kategorier identifierades: ”Vad är vitsen egentligen?”, “Vissa ser på en som att man vore ett monster”, “Jag vet inte vad jag ska göra eller vart jag ska vända mig”, “Jag skadade mig själv allvarligt med flit idag och nu skäms jag över det” och “Så länge det är under min kontroll är det lugnt”.   Konklusion: När personer med självskadebeteende söker hjälp och får ett negativt bemötande leder det till att deras rädsla att bli dömd bekräftas och känslorna av skuld och skam förstärks. Negativa erfarenheter av att söka vård leder till att hjälp inte söks i framtiden. För personerna som vill söka vård blir det inte lättare när vårdsystemet inte är tydligt med hur personen ska söka hjälp. / ABSTRACT History: Deliberate self-harm is a hard to define phenomena that is hard to deal with because it is often done in secret and with a great feeling of shame and guilt. These patients are hard to treat due to the sensitive nature of the subject and that is why there is a large number of unreported cases. There is a clear correlation between deliberate self-harm and suicide attempts. In order to facilitate help seeking in people who self-harm we need to find out why this group of people don’t seek help in the first place so that further suicide attempts are prevented.   Aim: The aim is to describe the hesitation to why people who self-harm does not seek help.   Method: This study is a qualitative literature review of 8 articles. The data was analyzed inspired by content analysis. The databases used were CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO.   Results: 5 categories were identified: “Really, what’s the point?”, “Some people look at you like you are some kind of monster”, “I don’t know what to do or where to turn”, “I hurt myself severely on purpose today and now I feel bad about it” and “As long as it’s under my control I’m fine”.   Conclusion: When people who self-harm seek professional help are met with a poor attitude by staff, their fear of being judged is confirmed and their sense of shame and guilt increases. A negative experience when seeking help may lead to a reluctance for future help-seeking. An unclear process on how to seek help is an obstacle for people trying to receive treatment.

The present study investigates the information gathering behaviour of the academic researchers at Sultan Qaboos University in the Sultanate of Oman. It endeavours to explore researchers' awareness and attitudes towards information sources and services. Research methods for this study were designed from the user-centred perspective with triangulation approach. Hence, data was collected by the use of semistructured interviews as the main instrument with journal study and observation as supplementary tools. The information was collected from the members of the research community in their capacity as users of information. The study investigates the information needs and information gathering habits of the research community and attempts to identify the problems experienced by researchers in accessing and using information. It also seeks to explore the national policy for planning and provision of information. Finally the study examines the performance of the various information services in the context of user needs and the status of the institution library information service provision. The research concludes that present information environment at Sultan Qaboos University is inadequate to meet the information needs of the research community. It was found that the major causes for the situation was the lack of clear information policies, inadequate funding, ineffective partnership between top management and academic researchers, lack of effective in house training and finally absence of a reliable information technology infrastructure.

Mental illness among college students is a significant public health concern. Among mental health issues, one of the most prevalent and impairing is depression. Although many students experience depression, the majority do not seek help. Past research has shown that stigma beliefs are associated with help-seeking, but interventions targeting stigma have been unsuccessful at increasing help-seeking prompting the need to explore alternative models. Currently, there has been little research evaluating the role of threat-based beliefs related to help-seeking processes. As well, it remains unclear how different threat-based beliefs may interact and be related to help-seeking intentions. The purpose of these studies was to develop new measures that assess threat-based beliefs based on facilitating threats, as defined by perceived severity, mortality, loss of functioning, and loss of control threats and obstructing threats, as defined by general stigma, interpersonal rejection, and workplace rejection beliefs. As well, it was hypothesized that facilitating threats would be positively associated with help-seeking intentions and that this relationship would be moderated by obstructing threats such that higher levels of obstructing threats would attenuate the relationship between facilitating threats and help-seeking. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The measurement development phase (N = 240) supported the proposed factor structure with the exclusion of the stigma and severity threat measures. When testing the moderation hypothesis (N = 212), results did not support the hypothesized relationships between facilitating threats, obstructing threats, and help-seeking intentions. The implications of these results for future research, theory, and prevention program directions are discussed.

This diploma thesis examines the linkage between -141C Ins/Del polymorphism in dopamine receptor D2 gene and novelty seeking behavior (NSB). Novelty seeking is a personality trait characterized as a tendency to seek out various, complex and intense sensations and experiences at the cost of physical, social, legal, and financial risk. It also appears to be related to the onset of young drug use and aggressive behavior. It has been suggested that there is a relatively high occupancy of dopamine receptors in the brain of individuals with this characteristic feature. Generally, dopamine receptors are extensively studied in relation to many psychiatric diseases or personality disorders. Although there are studies focusing on personality traits such as novelty seeking, subjects of their research are mainly dopamine receptors D1, D3 or D4. Very little is known about dopamine receptor D2 and its relation to NSB despite the fact, that DRD2 is the key negative regulator of dopamine action. Currently, determination of occupancy of dopamine D2 receptors in the brain is possible with positron emission tomography (PET). However, using PET in neuropsychological research is not always financially viable. To date, only few studies associated with PET and NSB vs D2 receptors occupancy have appeared in published...

The main purpose of the present study is to investigate whether learning and ways of understanding subject content and structure differ between successful and less successful students—i.e. in terms of their grade point average—in upper secondary school. A second issue is whether different subjects and disciplines—i.e. science on the one hand and humanities/social sciences on the other—make different demands on students. Data were gathered through interviews with a total of 36 students in two classes at two periods of their schooling. Additional data were gathered from interviews with teachers in the two classes and a sample of the tests given to the classes. Both classes receive instruction in science as well as humanities/social sciences but in one class (N) the emphasis is on science whereas in the other (S) the emphasis is on humanities/social sciences. A common characteristic of successful students is that they adjust to the teacher’s way of structuring the subject by means of a deep approach and a pronounced cue-seeking. They also play a dominant role in classroom communication. Less successful students more frequently use a surface or procedural approach to learning, are less sensitive for cues, do not adjust to the structure of subjects as presented by the teachers and do not participate to the same extent in classroom communication. The characteristics for successful students are very stable over time. As for the less successful students, there is a difference between N- and S-students. A majority of the S-students who use a surface approach in the first year change towards a deep approach later in their schooling, whereas the procedural approach of N-students is stable. It is concluded that the stability shown by the successful students can be explained in that their deep approach reflects their understanding that subject structure may vary and cue-seeking for these students signifies an awareness of and subsequent adjustment to the particular structure presented by the teachers. By understanding the structure according to teachers’ intentions, successful students are able to participate in classroom communication, eventually establishing a joint discourse. The differences between a change of learning for S- and N-students could be interpreted in light of differences in subject structure and instruction between subjects. In humanities/social sciences, classroom communication and the presentation of alternative interpretations of subject matter play a prominent role in instruction, and students who initially use a surface approach might get guidance to alternative ways of understanding the subject matter and subject structure. In the science subjects in the N-programme, the presentation of alternative interpretations is not  as common. These subjects also have a hierarchical structure, and understanding the basic fundamentals is a prerequisite for understanding later topics. For the students who initially use a surface approach in these hierarchically ordered subjects, learning becomes a matter of memorising more and more disconnected facts in what might seem to be disjointed courses.

Background Exploring literature about interactive management control systems and its role in organizations working with innovation and technologies. Aim Research how companies working with innovation use interactive management control systems to solve various problems. The contribution will be to determine what kind of problems can be solved with these methods. Finally, the contribution will focus on new ways of using management control systems in this kind of organizations. Methodology It is a case study which includes qualitative analysis through interviews and observation. Findings Companies can use interactive management control systems as a non-invasive method forrunning the company with the main focus on motivating and inspiring employees as well as stimulating idea-seeking and reducing the operational and strategic uncertainties.