In many taxa, social structures are mediated by agonistic interactions and the formation of dominance hierarchies. In crayfish, dominance hierarchies may have evolved as a result sexual selection, allowing dominant males greater access to females, thereby increasing their reproductive success. This work tests the hypothesis that high male investment in dominance interactions may have evolved as a result of intra- and/or inter-sexual selection pressures by testing specific predictions in two parts: first, that reproductive males would invest more in agonistic interactions than reproductive females or non-reproductive members of both sexes; and second, that females would prefer odors of dominant males over subordinates, and that dominant males would be either more efficient at mating or be able to mate longer than subordinates. Investment in agonistic interactions was examined in intrasexual pairs of male and female crayfish in both the reproductive and non-reproductive season. As predicted, reproductive males invested more in agonistic interactions overall than reproductive females, while there was no significant difference in investment by non-reproductive males or females. However, no significant difference was found in agonistic investment between reproductive males and non-reproductive males. These data indicate that investment in agonism differs by sex and by reproductive status, and may indicate that dominance interactions are under sexual selection in males. Alternatively, this differential investment may be explained by seasonal changes in the individual costs and benefits of agonism, or by depressed investment by reproductive females. Female odor preference was tested using a y-maze containing control and male treated water. For tests of male mating, time spent in each of three stages of mating was recorded for male-female pairs. Of these tests, the only significant trend produced was that dominant males spent more time associated with the female during and after copulation than subordinates. This may indicate an advantage in fertilization success for males through decreased sperm competition. A pilot study was also conducted testing the predictions that females mated to dominant males invest more in offspring than those mated to subordinates and that such offspring have greater survivability, but no significant conclusions could be drawn from these data.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-30T00:00:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-12-11 / This dissertation analyzes narratives of sexual abuse victims that became pregnant and decided to raise their children, captured through reports of young women who were admitted in the house-home Girls of God's Eye, located in Fortaleza / CE. The research aims to understand how women's health is affected by a pregnancy resulting from rape, as well as family relationships, the impact of revelation and paths traced to overcome. This is a qualitative study of ethnographic, based on the narratives of three cases of young women above 18 years. The concepts discussed sexual violence and its revelations; legal situation of sexual abuse in Brazil; Incestuous sexual violence and its effects; Pregnancy resulting from sexual violence and its characteristics; and care process in support homes and health care policies. It was observed as the surveyed young people have many dilemmas such as the difficult decision to continue the pregnancy; acceptance of the child, describing the anxieties, doubts, feelings and frustrations with the child; the moral judgment of the family and society; psychological disorders that affect these mothers, such as anxiety, depression and loss of self-esteem; and other competing issues. But they, the mothers, were aware of the affection they feel for baby, understanding that maternal love is built and you can move on despite the physical and psychological scars. / Esta dissertação analisa narrativas de vítimas de abuso sexual que engravidaram e decidiram criar seus filhos, captadas através de relatos de jovens mulheres que foram acolhidas na casa-lar Meninas dos olhos de Deus, localizada em Fortaleza/CE. A pesquisa objetiva compreender como a saúde da mulher é afetada por uma gravidez decorrente de estupro, bem como relações familiares, impacto da revelação e caminhos traçados para a superação. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de caráter etnográfico, com base nas narrativas de três casos de jovens mulheres acima de 18 anos. Discutiram-se os conceitos de violência sexual e suas revelações; situação jurídica do abuso sexual no Brasil; Violência sexual incestuosa e seus efeitos; Gravidez decorrente de violência sexual e suas especificidades; e processo de cuidar em casas de apoio e as políticas de atenção à saúde. Observou-se como as jovens pesquisadas apresentam diversos dilemas tais como: a difícil decisão de prosseguir a gestação; a aceitação da criança, descrevendo as angústias, dúvidas, sentimentos e frustrações com o filho; o julgamento moral da família e da sociedade; os transtornos psicológicos que atingem estas mães, como ansiedade, depressão e perda da autoestima; e outras questões conflitantes. Mas que elas, as mães, mostraram-se conscientes sobre o afeto que sentem pelo bebê, compreendendo que o amor materno é construído e que seguir em frente é possível apesar das marcas físicas e psicológicas.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-30T00:09:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-10-23 / Sexual violence against women is a multifaceted phenomenon, with historical and cultural roots and of huge magnitude, which in addition to constitute a challenge to public health, brings together a network of care and protection for its confrontation, involving a diversity of sectors and occupational categories. The public security sector stands out as one of the strategic pillars in this confrontation, for what counts with the institutes of Forensic Expertise as organs of scientific-technical approach, aiming to contribute to the implementation of effective policies in the field of forensic medicine. In this context, this study aims to analyze the forensic records of cases of sexual violence perpetrated against women provided by the Forensic Expertise database of Ceará (Pefoce). As specific objectives, to describe age group, marital status and education and place of occurrence, day, month, year and time of women exposed to situations of sexual violence and who carried out forensic examinations; and report the identification and form of intimidation used by the perpetrator of sexual crimes against these women. This is quantitative, descriptive, retrospective study, conducted from the analysis of the variables available in the database of Pefoce, representing the consolidated records in the period from 2009 to 2014. From the 6,804 available records in the bank on the analysis period, 3,499 composed the sample of this study, including adolescents and women (12 to 90 years) who carried out forensic examination due to the investigation of sexual crime. The data were organized and analyzed through descriptive statistics and discussed on the basis of the existing literature on the subject. The study attended the ethical precepts laid out in Resolution No. 466/2012. The results revealed that the main age group victimized by sexual offenses are teenagers (79.3%), with low education (65.6%) and single women (92.9%). With respect to the aggressor, prevailed his not ID (41.3%) and the absence of physical aggression (98.7%) in the commission of offenses. Offenses studied had higher frequency in municipalities of the interior (55.3%) and occurred preferentially during the day (61.5%). The data confirm the persistence of inequality of gender and generation in violation of rights in the field of sexuality, in addition to the difficulties in accountability of the perpetrators. Pointed also to a worrying situation because sexual violence is present in most vulnerable age groups (children and adolescents), compromising the biopsychosocial development of these groups. / A violência sexual contra a mulher é um fenômeno multifacetado, com raízes histórico-culturais e de ampla magnitude, que além de constituir um desafio à saúde pública, reúne uma rede de atendimento e proteção para o seu enfrentamento, mobilizando uma diversidade de setores e de categorias profissionais. O setor de segurança pública destaca-se como um dos pilares estratégicos nesse enfrentamento, para o que conta com os institutos de Perícia Forense como órgãos de abordagem técnico-cientifica, visando contribuir com a implementação de políticas eficazes no campo da Medicina Legal. Nesse contexto, este estudo tem por objetivo geral analisar os registros periciais dos casos de violência sexual perpetrados contra a mulher disponibilizados pelo banco de dados da Perícia Forense do Estado do Ceará (Pefoce). Como objetivos específicos, descrever a faixa etária, situação conjugal e escolaridade, bem como local de ocorrência, dia, mês, ano e hora das mulheres expostas às situações de violência sexual e que realizaram exames periciais; e relatar a identificação e forma de intimidação utilizada pelo perpetrador dos crimes sexuais contra essas mulheres. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado a partir da análise das variáveis disponíveis no banco de dados da Pefoce, representando o consolidado dos registros no período de 2009 a 2014. Dos 6.804 registros disponíveis no banco no período analisado, 3.499 compuseram a amostra deste estudo, abrangendo adolescentes e mulheres (12 a 90 anos) que realizaram exame médico-legal devido à investigação de crime sexual. Os dados foram organizados e analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e discutidos com base na literatura existente sobre o tema. Informa-se que o estudo atendeu aos preceitos éticos dispostos na Resolução nº 466/2012. Os resultados revelaram que a principal faixa etária vitimizada por crimes sexuais são adolescentes (79,3%), com baixa escolaridade (65,6%) e solteiras (92,9%). Com relação ao agressor, prevaleceram a sua não identificação (41,3%) e a ausência de agressão física (98,7%) no cometimento dos delitos. Os crimes sexuais estudados apresentaram maior frequência em municípios do interior (55,2%) e ocorreram, preferencialmente, no período diurno (61,5%). Os dados confirmam a persistência da desigualdade de geração e de gênero na violação de direitos no campo da sexualidade, além da dificuldade na responsabilização dos autores. Apontam ainda situação preocupante, pois a violência sexual está presente em faixas etárias mais vulneráveis (crianças e adolescentes), comprometendo o desenvolvimento biopsicossocial desses grupos.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-29T23:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-12-19 / The theme of this research consists on the crossdressed subjects , which is considered the language and instrument to construct the crossdresser s female character. The central hypothesis is the fact that crossdressing is a subject position that comes from perversion. In the transvestism, it is relevant to know the direction that the structural ways of the impulse (trieb) takes in the crossdresser, since it results in the sexual position this one occupies. Thus, these inquiries led to the main aim of this thesis, which was to observe the psychic effects that come from some men who assumed the crossdressing identity, based on a case study. The methodology adopted was a theoretical-clinic approach from four clinic patients treated in my private clinic. Therefore, the methodological procedures of these cases were used as a source of theoretical and practice productions. As regards of theory standards, I focus on psychoanalysis, following the themes: identification, modern sexual morality, discontents, body, politics, sexuality, structures, sexual position etc. Chapter one, Clinic listening , is formed by the clinic studied cases. Chapter two, Who is and what does a crossdresser want? consists in a psychoanalysis research, about who the crossdresser is. In chapter three, The gender and the crossdresser sexual difference , discourse and question of the psychoanalytic notion of gender and how this processes in the crossdressers case. In quest of an understanding of the main question of this thesis, this article has three key points, which provided support to the studied cases: 1) The crossdresser structures through perversion and fetish; 2) The identifications and identity position that are part of the transvestism and crossdresser are basis processes that surround and maintains them, emerging from perversion structure and sexual position; 3) The crossdresser denial to the Other is a social and psychic effect caused by the challenging symptom of the crossdresser. Considering Freud, Lacan, Dor, Desprats-Péquignot, this thesis has the purpose of reaffirming the clinic sovereignty and the function of structural diagnosis as a guide in the treatment of these patients. Consequently, I was able to test out that there is no relation between crossdresser and perversion. Keywords: Psychoanalysis; Crossdressed; Perversion; Psychoanalytic Clinic; Psychoanalysis search. / O tema desta pesquisa é o travestismo, considerado como linguagem e instrumento usado para a fabricação do personagem feminino do travesti. A hipótese central trabalhada é a de que o travestismo é um posicionamento subjetivo advindo da perversão. No caso do travestismo, há que saber sobre os caminhos estruturais que a pulsão toma no travesti e que resultam na posição sexual que este ocupa. Dessa forma, estas indagações levaram ao objetivo geral da tese, que foi o de verificar os efeitos psíquicos advindos do fato de alguns homens assumirem a identidade travesti, a partir de estudos de casos. O caminho metodológico tratou-se de uma leitura teórico-clínica de quatro casos clínicos atendidos em clínica particular. Para tanto, foi utilizado método clínico psicanalítico como fonte disparadora de produções teóricas e práticas. Quanto ao marco teórico, tem-se como eixo a psicanálise, seguindo os seguintes temas norteadores: identificação, moral sexual moderna, mal-estar, corpo, política, sexualidade, estruturas, posição sexuada etc. O primeiro capítulo, À escuta da clinica, é composto pelo estudo dos casos clínicos. No segundo capítulo, O que quer um travesti?, é efetuado um levantamento a respeito das considerações acumuladas pela psicanálise sobre o travesti. No terceiro capítulo, As diferenças sexuais e a diferença sexual travesti, discute-se e questiona-se a noção psicanalítica de diferença sexual e como ela se processa no caso dos travestis. Na busca de um entendimento à questão principal da tese, apresentam-se três pontos chaves para a materialização teórica e clínica da mesma, os quais deram apoio aos estudos dos casos citados: 1) o travesti se estrutura pelas vias da perversão e do fetiche; 2) as identificações e os posicionamentos identitários que compõem o travestismo e o travesti são os processos de base que permeiam e dão sustentação ao mesmo e advêm de uma arrumação sutil entre perversão x identidade x diferença sexual; 3) a negação do sujeito travesti pelo Outro é um efeito social e psíquico causado pela prevalência do sintoma desafiador do travesti. A tarefa da presente tese, considerando autores da psicanálise como Freud, Lacan, Dor, Desprats-Péquignot, Pacheco, é de reafirmar a soberania da clínica e a função do diagnóstico estrutural sendo o orientador da direção do tratamento. Assim, pude verificar que não há relação direta entre o travesti e o perverso. Palavras-chave: Psicanálise; travestismo; Perversão; Clínica Psicanalítica; Pesquisa em Psicanálise

The thesis presented here utilizes a variety of methods and study systems to address how ecological promote plasticity in reproductive behaviours. We study mate choice, copulation and parental care as the different reproductive behaviours, as they can be envisioned as representatives of different stages of the reproductive cycle and can be subject to different selection pressures. With the use of computer simulations we study the conditions of sex ratio and cost of courting under which a learned mate preference in males or in both sexes can evolve. We found that for males, maternal imprinting is the most advantageous imprinting strategy, but when both sexes imprint, paternal imprinting in both sexes is the most advantageous strategy. We show that environmental change can lead to the evolution of sexual imprinting by both sexes. A study using mesocosm and mating trial experiments, measuring female survival and male mating success was used to study the role of intra- and interspecific interactions in mating behaviour (competition and harassment) in Calopteryx splendens. We showed that intense intraspecific male-male competition reduces harassment over females and increases female survival. On the other side, interspecific reproductive interference can reduce male mating success and can increase female survival. Finally, theory on the use of social learning was tested using Drosophila melanogaster oviposition site choice. We show that fruit flies use social learning more after they experience heterogeneous environments. However, our results suggest that the use of social learning was driven by fruit flies signalling more when they experience heterogeneous environments, instead of driven by copying others decisions, as theoretical predictions suggest. We also show that the use of social learning is an innate trait, opening the opportunity for the study of the genomic basis of social learning.

This thesis combines autoethnography (Adams et al., 2015) with a psychosocial (Frosh, 2010; Hollway and Jefferson, 2013) approach to explore notions of self and responsibility in the self-narratives of young people involved in treatment for harmful sexual behaviour (HSB). It reflects an area of professional interest for me as a social worker involved in the assessment and treatment of young people classified as having sexual behaviour problems, and appears to be an under represented area of the research literature. Working with the psychoanalytic concept of transference I also explore how as a researcher I make sense of the ways in which professionals and young people encounter each other in treatment. Drawing on poststructuralist conceptions of self and an ethical life (Butler, 2005), I suggest that treatment operates as a form of ethical violence, if ethical violence is to require a coherent self-narrative from young people as part-evidence of them taking personal responsibility (Butler, 2005). Rather than focusing on the ‘truth' of a ‘seamless story', I am interested in what Butler (2005) calls ‘enigmatic articulations' that cannot easily be narrated. From this perspective I use autoethnographic methods and psychoanalytic tools to consider how unconscious dynamics might be enacted between practitioners and young people in treatment to produce meaning, and to make sense of discomfiting, and sometimes conflictual experiences. The empirical study employed a qualitative longitudinal design (Thomson, 2012) gathering narrative data over the course of eight months from six young men aged between sixteen and eighteen, at various stages of treatment for HSB. Interviews were conducted using the ‘Free Association Narrative Interview' method (Hollway and Jefferson, 2013), and complemented with creative/arts-based techniques, such as music and collage (Thomson, 2008). Personal reflections and insights, aroused through my own transference were also produced during data collection and analysis. Data analysis was inductive, utilising narrative (Doucet and Mauthner, 2008), and psychosocial approaches (Frosh and Baraitser, 2008; Hollway and Jefferson, 2013), informed by psychoanalytic (Laplanche and Pontalis, 1973; Zizek, 2006; Frosh, 2012) and social (Butler, 2004, 2005; Frosh, 2010) theoretical perspectives. Findings are presented in the form of three case studies, influenced by the psychoanalytic case study tradition (Forrester, 1996) and autoethnography (Ellis and Rawicki, 2013), which serve as exemplars, illustrating themes that emerged from the wider data set. Each presents my understanding and interpretation of the young person's story, in relation to their experience of treatment as provided over the course of the interviews. The case studies also highlight some of the complex struggles involved for young people in trying to narratively locate themselves between various, and often competing discursive demands, and provide insights from my experience as a practice informed researcher and interlocutor engaged in collaborative meaning making. The narratives are analysed to reveal discordant voices characterised by contradictions and inconsistencies; fears, anxieties and uncertain futures, as well as un-narrated feelings of dangerousness, which are echoed and amplified through my own highly personalised reflections. The thesis makes a number of original contributions, and develops new substantive knowledge regarding an understanding of young people attending treatment for harmful sexual behaviour, particularly in relation to how they view themselves and their treatment journeys. By writing autoethnographically, and using this to present participant stories as multivoiced narratives I am bringing both a researcher, and practitioner perspective into view regarding young people's understanding of responsibility, truth and disclosure. The application of Lacanian-influenced, psychosocial, creative, narrative and autoethnographic methods is original in its approach to researching ‘beneath the surface' with young people involved in treatment for HSB. The thesis also generates valuable insights in terms of the limits of narrative approaches to treatment, and the support needs of practitioners.

Wang, Guan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-172). / Abstracts in English and Chinese ; includes Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.i / Declaration of Anonymity and Confidentiality --- p.ii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- The Moralists --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- The Mainstreams --- p.73 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Radicals --- p.110 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.140 / Chapter Appendix: --- Interview Protocol --- p.167 / References Cited --- p.169

Orientador: Tania Moron Saes Braga / Resumo: Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar a presença de ações educativas voltadas à sexualidade em uma escola pública de uma pequena cidade do interior paulista e as sugestões apontadas pelos professores e alunos para a viabilização de ações voltadas à realidade escolar. Foram utilizados questionários e registros de ocorrências para a coleta de dados junto a professores e alunos. Os resultados indicaram que a abordagem dos assuntos relativos à educação sexual está condicionada ao currículo de matérias específicas e vinculada à figura do professor, sendo realizada de maneira assistemática e descontínua, distante das proposições dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. Utilizando-se o referencial da psicologia da saúde e os princípios da análise do comportamento, identificou-se a necessidade de programas de intervenção dirigidos primeiramente à capacitação de professores e, em seguida, à promoção da saúde de alunos, focando-se conteúdos e habilidades envolvidos no comportamento sexual saudável. / Abstract: The objective of this study is to identify the presence of educative actions directed to sexuality in a public school of a small town of the Paulista country and the sugestions showed by teachers and pupils to make possible the actions concerning the educational reality. Questionnaires and registrations of occurrences have been used to the data collection related to teachers and pupils. The results showed that the approach of the subjects relating to sexual education is conditioned to the curriculum of specific disciplines and linked to the teacher's figure, being performed in an asystematic and discontinuous way, remote from the propositions of the National Curricular Parameters. By using the reference of health psychology and the principles of behaviour analysis, it has been identified the necessity of intervention programs directed firstly to capacitate teachers and then to promote the pupils health, emphasizing contents and abilities involved in healthy sexual behaviour. / Mestre

A diferenciação sexual cerebral é um fenômeno importante que ocorre no período perinatal essencial para definir alguns padrões comportamentais na orientação sexual na fase adulta. Este evento ocorre após uma descarga abrupta da testosterona testicular no recém-nascido que é convertido em estrógeno E2 pela aromatase no hipotálamo do neonato e, juntamente com aquela de origem materna promove as alterações no cérebro que determinam a orientação sexual masculina do neonato. Em fêmeas, o E organiza o cérebro feminino e a orientação sexual. Assim, investigou-se o efeito do Citrato de Clomifeno, um inibidor da aromatase em ratos machos e fêmeas tratados perinatalmente. Os resultados mostraram alterações comportamentais e bioquímicas compatíveis com a desmasculinização, alteração do comportamento sexual de ambos os sexos, comportamento homossexual, ciclo estral, alteração dos níveis de testosterona, estrógeno, FSH e LH e do peso dos órgãos na fase adulta. Os resultados são explicados pelo bloqueio da aromatase, no período da diferenciação sexual cerebral. / Sexual differentiation of the brain is an important phenomenon that occurs perinatally essential to define some behavioral patterns of sexual orientation in adulthood. This event occurs after an abrupt discharge of testicular testosterone in newborns that E2 is converted into estrogen by aromatase in the hypothalamus of the newborn and, along with that of maternal origin promotes changes in the brain that determine sexual orientation male neonate. In females, the E organizes the female brain and sexual orientation. Thus, we investigated the effect of clomiphene citrate, aromatase inhibitor in male and female rats treated perinatally. The results showed behavioral and biochemical changes consistent with demasculinization, altered sexual behavior of both sexes, homosexual behavior, estrous cycle, changing levels of testosterone, estrogen, FSH and LH and organ weight in adulthood. The results are explained by blocking the aromatase during the period of sexual differentiation of the brain.

Orientador: Maria da Conceição Lima de Andrade. / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação.