GRado de magíster en ciencias biológicas, mención biología celular y molecular. / A nivel mundial, el cáncer de mama (CM), es el más frecuente y la principal causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres (14%), representando el 23% del total de casos nuevos de cáncer. En Chile, es la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres, y la mortalidad por CM, ha ido en aumento en las últimas dos décadas. Debido a lo anterior, es pertinente realizar estudios que permitan conocer mejor sus bases etiológicas, para poder tomar medidas que permitan su prevención y su detección temprana. En la literatura existen variadas publicaciones en relación a genes codificantes que aumentan la susceptibilidad a desarrollar CM. Este, es el caso de los genes BRCA1/2, ATM, PALB2 entre otros, sin embargo en los últimos años se ha puesto mayor atención a la influencia que pudiesen tener secuencias no codificantes sobre el riesgo de desarrollar CM. Especialmente, existe gran interés en los miRNAs, y polimorfismos presentes en ellos, que pudieran ser la causa de aumento de riesgo para CM. Se ha demostrado que la presencia de SNPs en las secuencias de precursores o miRNAs maduros, afecta la maduración y el procesamiento de estos RNAs pequeños, así como también el silenciamiento de sus mRNAs blancos, proponiéndose este mecanismo como el responsable del desarrollo de diversas patologías entre ellas el CM. En este trabajo se analizaron las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas de tres SNPs (rs2910164, rs3764444 y rs11614913) presentes en los miRNAs 146a y miRNA-499 y miRNA-196 respectivamente, y su asociación con el aumento de susceptibilidad a desarrollar CM en mujeres chilenas. Los resultados muestran que los SNPs presentes tanto en el miRNA-499 como en el miRNA-196, disminuyen el riesgo a desarrollar CM y actuarían como potenciales factores protectores para la patología. Por el contrario, el SNP presente en el miRNA-146a se asoció con aumento de riesgo para desarrollar CM en mujeres con CM esporádico, sin historia familiar para la patología, mientras que en pacientes con historia familiar mostró ser un factor protector. Estos resultados muestran la complejidad biológica que estaría detrás de cada tipo de CM, y los efectos tan distintos que los miRNAs podrían tener en diferentes contextos celulares. Para estudiar la funcionalidad biológica que pudiese tener el SNP presente en el pre- miRNA- 146a, se clonó este fragmento desde pacientes portadores para el alelo de riesgo y de sujetos controles, para posteriormente estudiar su efecto in vitro mediante la transfección en células de mama humana. Aunque no analizado, se espera que un cambio en la secuencia de un precursor de miRNA, afecte de tal manera su estructura secundaria que aumente o disminuya su disponibilidad para la maquinaria de procesamiento, resultando en cambios en los niveles de expresión de los miRNAs maduros. Estos cambios tendrían un impacto directo sobre la tasa de silenciamiento de los mRNAs blancos, que al estar más o menos silenciados promoverían un desequilibrio que aportaría con la transformación celular. / Worldwide, breast cancer (CM) is the most common and the leading cause of cancer death in women (14%), representing 23% of all new cancer cases. In Chile, it is the leading cause of cancer death in women, and mortality from CM, has been increasing in the last two decades. Because of this, it is appropriate to conduct studies to better understand their etiological bases, to take measures to prevention and early detection. In the literature there are various publications regarding coding genes that increase susceptibility to CM. This is the case of BRCA1 / 2, ATM, PALB2 among other genes, however in recent years there has been more attention to the influence that may have non-coding sequences on the risk of developing CM, specifically there is great interest in miRNAs, and polymorphisms present in them, which could be the cause of increased risk for CM. It has been shown that the presence of SNPs in the sequences of precursors or mature miRNAs affects maturation and processing of these small RNAs, as well as the silencing of their targets mRNAs, proposing this mechanism as responsible for the development of various diseases among CM them. In this work the allele and genotype frequencies of three SNPs (rs2910164, rs3764444 and rs11614913) present in the miRNAs 146a and miRNA-499 and miRNA-196 respectively, and its association with increased susceptibility to CM in Chilean women were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the SNPs present in both the miRNA-499 and miRNA-196, decrease the risk of developing CM and act as potential protective factors for the disease. By contrast, the SNP present in the miRNA-146a was associated with increased risk for women with CM CM sporadic, without family history of the disease, while in patients with family history was shown to be a protective factor. These results show the biological complexity that would be behind each type of CM, and the very different effects that miRNAs may have in different cellular contexts. To study the biological functionality that might be present in the pre miRNA- SNP 146a, this fragment was cloned from patients for the risk allele and control subjects, transforming later to study its effect in vitro by transfection into cells human breast.Despite not studied, it is expected that a change in the sequence of a miRNA precursor, so affecting its secondary structure to increase or decrease their availability for processing machinery, resulting in changes in the expression levels mature miRNAs. These changes may have a direct impact on the rate of silencing targets mRNAs, which being more or less silenced would promote an imbalance that would contribute to tumor cell transformation.

abstract: The objective of the research is to test the use of 3D printed thermoplastic to produce fixtures which affix instrumentation to asphalt concrete samples used for Simple Performance Testing (SPT). The testing is done as part of materials characterization to obtain properties that will help in future pavement designs. Currently, these fixtures (mounting studs) are made of expensive brass and cumbersome to clean with or without chemicals. Three types of thermoplastics were utilized to assess the effect of temperature and applied stress on the performance of the 3D printed studs. Asphalt concrete samples fitted with thermoplastic studs were tested according to AASHTO & ASTM standards. The thermoplastics tested are: Polylactic acid (PLA), the most common 3D printing material; Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), a typical 3D printing material which is less rigid than PLA and has a higher melting temperature; Polycarbonate (PC), a strong, high temperature 3D printing material. A high traffic volume Marshal mix design from the City of Phoenix was obtained and adapted to a Superpave mix design methodology. The mix design is dense-graded with nominal maximum aggregate size of ¾” inch and a PG 70-10 binder. Samples were fabricated and the following tests were performed: Dynamic Modulus |E*| conducted at five temperatures and six frequencies; Flow Number conducted at a high temperature of 50°C, and axial cyclic fatigue test at a moderate temperature of 18°C. The results from SPT for each 3D printed material were compared to results using brass mounting studs. Validation or rejection of the concept was determined from statistical analysis on the mean and variance of collected SPT test data. The concept of using 3D printed thermoplastic for mounting stud fabrication is a promising option; however, the concept should be verified with more extensive research using a variety of asphalt mixes and operators to ensure no bias in the repeatability and reproducibility of test results. The Polycarbonate (PC) had a stronger layer bonding than ABS and PLA while printing. It was recommended for follow up studies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2018

Ao tentar agendar uma atividade que dependa da presença de outras pessoas, geralmente acabamos desperdiçando tempo precioso avaliando os possíveis horários e verificando se os mesmos são aceitos por todos envolvidos. Embora a modelagem e a resolução do problema de agendamento multiagente pareçam estar completamente entendidas e ainda diversos algoritmos possam ser encontrados na literatura, uma questão ainda existe: Como definir horários compatíveis para uma atividade compartilhada sem que os usuários tenham que manualmente escolher horários livres de seus calendários até que todos envolvidos aceitem um horário. A principal contribuição é um algoritmo chamado Descobridor Asíncrono de Horários (ATF) baseado no Rastreamento Asíncrono (ABT) que permite que aplicações encontrem horários compatíveis para atividades compartilhadas requerendo mínima intervenção manual dos usuários. Esta dissertação revisita o Problema Temporal Simples (STP) e a sua versão multiagente (MaSTP), demonstra como eles podem ser utilizados para resolver o problema de agentamentos e ao final apresenta o ATF, a avaliação experimental e a análise de complexidade. / In order to schedule an activity that depends on other people, we very often end up wasting precious time trying to find compatible times and evaluating if they are accepted by all involved. Even though modeling and solving multiagent scheduling problems seem completely understood and several algorithms can be found in the literature, one limitation still stands up: How to find a compatible time slot for an activity shared by many users without requiring the users themselves to spend time going through their calendar and choosing time slots until everybody agrees. The main contribution of this work is an algorithm called Asynchronous Time Finder (ATF) based on the Asynchronous Backtracking (ABT) that enables applications to find compatible times when scheduling shared activities among several users while requiring minimal user interaction. This dissertation starts by revisiting the Simple Temporal Problem (STP) and its multiagent version (MaSTP), it then shows how they can be used to solve the problem of managing agendas and then finally it presents the ATF giving an experimental evaluation and the analysis of its complexity.

Ao tentar agendar uma atividade que dependa da presença de outras pessoas, geralmente acabamos desperdiçando tempo precioso avaliando os possíveis horários e verificando se os mesmos são aceitos por todos envolvidos. Embora a modelagem e a resolução do problema de agendamento multiagente pareçam estar completamente entendidas e ainda diversos algoritmos possam ser encontrados na literatura, uma questão ainda existe: Como definir horários compatíveis para uma atividade compartilhada sem que os usuários tenham que manualmente escolher horários livres de seus calendários até que todos envolvidos aceitem um horário. A principal contribuição é um algoritmo chamado Descobridor Asíncrono de Horários (ATF) baseado no Rastreamento Asíncrono (ABT) que permite que aplicações encontrem horários compatíveis para atividades compartilhadas requerendo mínima intervenção manual dos usuários. Esta dissertação revisita o Problema Temporal Simples (STP) e a sua versão multiagente (MaSTP), demonstra como eles podem ser utilizados para resolver o problema de agentamentos e ao final apresenta o ATF, a avaliação experimental e a análise de complexidade. / In order to schedule an activity that depends on other people, we very often end up wasting precious time trying to find compatible times and evaluating if they are accepted by all involved. Even though modeling and solving multiagent scheduling problems seem completely understood and several algorithms can be found in the literature, one limitation still stands up: How to find a compatible time slot for an activity shared by many users without requiring the users themselves to spend time going through their calendar and choosing time slots until everybody agrees. The main contribution of this work is an algorithm called Asynchronous Time Finder (ATF) based on the Asynchronous Backtracking (ABT) that enables applications to find compatible times when scheduling shared activities among several users while requiring minimal user interaction. This dissertation starts by revisiting the Simple Temporal Problem (STP) and its multiagent version (MaSTP), it then shows how they can be used to solve the problem of managing agendas and then finally it presents the ATF giving an experimental evaluation and the analysis of its complexity.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:52:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4748_1.pdf: 788444 bytes, checksum: bf529ae650fd6acfbf8f43c0335c33fd (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Lewitzka, Steffen; José Guerra Barreto de Queiroz, Ruy. Contributions to the investigations of Lascar strong types in simple theories. 2003. Tese (Doutorado). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 2003.

nÃo hà / Esta dissertaÃÃo analisa os efeitos do sistema tributÃrio Simples sobre a demanda por empregos nas empresas do Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados utilizados neste trabalho foram obtidos da RelaÃÃo Anual de InformaÃÃes Sociais (RAIS) compreendendo os anos de 1985 a 2005. O primeiro capÃtulo enfatiza o debate em torno das micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs), discorrendo sobre a evoluÃÃo histÃrica das empresas e as experiÃncias internacionais de apoio a esse seguimento. O segundo capÃtulo faz referÃncia ao marco legal das MPEs, o Estatuto da Microempresa de 1984, 1994 e 1999, a ConstituiÃÃo de 1988, o Simples de 1995 e a Lei Geral. O terceiro capÃtulo apresenta os resultados do impacto da polÃtica de apoio Ãs MPEs atravÃs do Simples, utilizando-se para isto, a anÃlise de estatÃstica descritiva. No quarto capÃtulo faz-se uso de modelos economÃtricos com dados em painel para analisar os mesmos objetivos do capÃtulo anterior. Os resultados economÃtricos apontaram para um efeito positivo do programa Simples para as MPEs. Embora nÃo se possa concluir categoricamente que o aumento de nÃmero de empresas tenha se dado apenas em funÃÃo do Simples. Entre outras conclusÃes, a principal à que apÃs a implantaÃÃo do programa Simples, o nÃmero de micro e pequenas empresas aumentou, enquanto que as mÃdias e as grandes ficaram estagnadas ou aumentou muito pouco. O que confirma a hipÃtese bÃsica de que o programa Simples exerce forte influencia sobre o nÃmero de empregos na regiÃo Nordeste do Brasil. / This work analyses the effects of the Simples tax system on the demand for jobs in the companies of the Northeast of Brazil. The analyzed dates were from RAIS from the years 1985-2005. The first chapter emphasizes the discussion about the MPEs relating the historical evolution of the firms, characters of the businessmen and the international experience of the supporting to this segment. The second chapter makes reference to the legal mark from MPEs, the Rule of the Microfirm from 1984, de 1994 e de 1999 the Constituicon de 1988, Simples from 1995, and the general law. The third chapter presents the results of the impact of the support politics to MPEs through the Simple program, being used for this, descriptive statistics analysis. In the fourth chapter it is made use of models econometric with data in panel to analyze the same objectives of the previous chapter. The results econometric appeared for a positive effect of the Simple program for the personal computer and small companies. Although she cannot conclude categorically that the increase of number of companies and bonds have if just given in function of the Simple. Among other conclusions, the main is that after the implantation of the Simple, the personal computer number the companies increased, while the averages and the big ones were stagnated or it increased very a little. What confirms the hypothesis that the Simple program exercises a significant influence on the number of jobs in the Northeast area of Brazil.

Em projetos de alvenaria estrutural é indispensável à verificação de elementos submetidos à flexão simples, como vigas, vergas, reservatórios e muros de arrimos. Neste trabalho foram analisados oito grupos de vigas, compostos por três exemplares cada um, diferenciando seu comprimento, altura, tipo da unidade (blocos de concreto e blocos cerâmicos) e taxa de armadura. Os traços de graute e argamassa foram mantidos. As vigas e as armaduras longitudinais foram instrumentadas para obtenção dos deslocamentos e deformações. A finalidade do trabalho foi realizar uma comparação dos resultados obtidos através de ensaios experimentais com os dimensionamentos propostos pelas normas ABNT NBR 15812-1:2010 e NBR 15961-1:2011. Foi possível observar que o dimensionamento proposto pelas normas é conservador, pois limita o comportamento à flexão das vigas em cargas baixas quando comparados com experimentais. Já com a retirada dos coeficientes de segurança pode ocorrer, em alguns casos, que a carga teórica prevista seja maior que a dos resultados experimentais. A formulação adaptada da NBR 6118:2007 para obter valores de deslocamentos apresentou uma boa correlação para as vigas de uma fiada. Já para as vigas de duas fiadas observou-se uma pior correlação entre valores teóricos e experimentais, sendo os deslocamentos teóricos menores que os valores medidos experimentalmente. / In structural masonry projects is essential to verify elements subjected to simple bending, such as beams, lintels, water tanks and retaining walls. In this study, an experimental parametric analysis was conducted. Eight groups of beams composed by three specimens were tested and the parameters varied were: length, height, unit type (concrete blocks and ceramic blocks) and reinforcement ratio. The proportion of grout and the mortar were fixed. The beams and longitudinal bars were instrumented to obtain the displacements and strains. The purpose of this study was to compare the results obtained through experimental analysis with the proposed methods presented on ABNT NBR 15812-1:2010 and NBR 15961-1:2011. In the comparison was observed that the proposed design method is conservative, due to the limit load obtained by the code prescriptions was lower than the experimental results. In some cases, the theoretical load results were greater than experimental results when the safety factors were removed. The adapted formulation of the NBR 6118:2007, to obtain displacement values, showed a good correlation to the beams of one row. Regarding to beams with two rows, the correlation between experimental and theoretical values was not suitable, the theoretical displacements presented smaller than the values measured in the tests.

Our aim is to calculate some graphs associated with two of the larger sporadicsimple groups, Fi₂₄ and the Baby Monster. Firstly we calculate the point line collinearity graph for a maximal 2-local geometry of Fi₂₄. If T is such a geometry, then the point line collinearity graph G will be the graph whose vertices are the points in T, with any two vertices joined by an edge if and only if they are incident with a common line. We found that the graph has diameter 5 and we give its collapsed adjacency matrix. We also calculate part of the commuting involution graph, C, for the class 2C of the Baby Monster, whose vertex set is the conjugacy class 2C, with any two elements joined by an edge if and only if they commute. We have managed to place all vertices inside C whose product with a fixed vertex t does not have 2 power order, with all evidence pointing towards C having diameter 3.

A partir d’un corpus exemplaire, ce travail vise à saisir l’élément poétique fondamental du roman français des années Trente, défini comme le genre dominant de l’époque : la volonté de « révolution spirituelle », fondée sur une poétique de la catastrophe. Une telle poétique doit être conçue comme la traduction littéraire d’un mouvement intellectuel général visant à dépasser le discrédit jeté contre la démocratie libérale, système organisationnel hérité des Lumières. A la suite des jeunes intellectuels non-conformistes, les auteurs étudiés attaquent l’Intelligence Bourgeoise – système dominant de normes et valeurs hyper-rationalistes – qui isole, divise et mutile les individus, à force d’abstraction stérile. Pervertie par les élites, l’Intelligence devient une force de dissociation menaçant la cohésion sociale. En réaction à l’excès de rationalisme délétère, un mouvement anti-intellectualiste se développe dont l’enjeu est la définition d’une nouvelle architecture conceptuelle – Intelligence Simple – capable de régénérer l’individu et de restaurer le lien social. Ce projet de nature éthique s’impose comme la norme littéraire dominante et commande le retour à l’engagement des écrivains. Que les romanciers marqués à gauche ou à droite envisagent la crise de l’Intelligence française comme une faillite de la démocratie libérale ou comme une décadence de la nation, au-delà des sensibilités idéologiques et politiques respectives, la poétique de la catastrophe réunit sur son programme l’ensemble des romanciers de la période / Based on an exemplary selection of works, this study’s goal is to capture the fundamental poetic element in the 1930s French novel, defined as the dominant genre of the time : the desire for a “spiritual revolution”, based on the poetic dimension of disaster. This poetic dimension should be considered the literary translation of a general intellectual movement, aimed at overcoming the discredit cast upon liberal democracy, an organizational system inherited from Enlightenment. In the wake of young non-conformist intellectuals, the authors studied attack Rational Intelligence – a dominant system of ultranationalist norms and values – which isolates, divides, and disfigures individuals through sterile abstraction. Perverted by the elites, Intelligence becomes a divisive force threatening social coherence. As a reaction to this excess of harmful rationalism, an anti-intellectual movement developed, devoted to defining a new conceptual architecture – Intuitive Intelligence – capable of reviving the individual and restoring social bonds. This ethical project stands out as the dominant literary norm, compelling writers to once more become involved. The novelists, whether leaning to the right or the left, may consider the French Intelligence crisis to be a failure of liberal democracy or as the result of national decadence, but above and beyond those respective ideological and political sensibilities, the poetics of disaster encompass all novelists of the time

The aim of this Master's thesis is to create a business plan for rather a small restaurant that focuses on healthy, simple recipes using only fresh seasonal and local ingredients. Part of this business plan is also to evaluate the feasibility of the project through financial analysis. In theoretical part of this work I described steps which are taken and the rules that are generally kept through the process of making the business plan. The legislation and obligatory procedures the entrepreneur has to go through were also described in this part. The practical part obtains the actual business plan of the restaurant called "Eat Simple". In this part where different analysis of the market environment, marketing and financial plans could be found. At the end of the thesis you can also find the SWOT analysis of the restaurant which evaluate its strengths and weaknesses.