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Syfte: Syftet med studien var att jämföra korneala mätningar tagna med två olika topografiska mätinstrument (Sirius & Wave Analyzer Medica 700) och att utvärdera om dessa två instrument kan användas utbytbart. Metod: Det var 23 stycken deltagare i denna studie som var indelade i två grupper. Det var 17 stycken deltagare i grupp A som hade en normal kornea och i grupp B var det 6 stycken deltagare som hade en onormal kornea. Tre upprepade mätningar utfördes på det högra ögat för alla deltagare med båda instrumenten. Förutom på en deltagare som hade keratokonus i hens vänstra öga. De simulerade K (Sim-K) parametrarna som innehåller ”Flattest” (Kf), ”Steepest” (Ks) och ”Average” K (Km) analyserades. Dessutom togs den centrala korneas tjocklek också med båda mätinstrumenten och utvärderades. Resultat: En skillnad mellan de uppmätta värdena för de två mätinstrumenten hittades. Mellan dessa två mätinstrument var medelvärdet av skillnaden i grupp A för parametrarna Kf, Ks och Km ungefär 0,1mm. I grupp B var medelvärdet av skillnaden för parametrarna Kf, Ks och Km ungefär 0,15mm. För pachymetri var medelvärdet av skillnaden för de två mätinstrumenten 23µm för grupp A och 31µm för grupp B. Slutsats: De två topografiska mätinstrumenten visade en statistiskt signifikant skillnad i mätning utav korneala parametrarna. Trots att det var en statistiskt signifikant skillnad när man jämförde Sim-K för båda mätinstrumenten var skillnaden kliniskt obetydlig för de deltagare som hade en frisk kornea. Därför kan båda utav dessa mätinstrument användas utbytbart för att mäta keratometri i friska ögon.

Typically chronic injury leads to hepatic fibrosis. No effective antifibrotic drugs have been approved, but herbal drugs have potential on the therapy of hepatic fibrosis. The objective of this study used TAA-induced liver fibrosis mouse as a model to elucidate whether aqueous extract of the root of Pluchea indica (PIAE) can reduce liver fibrosis triggered by TAA. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with TAA (200 mg/Kg) three times per week as the TAA group, and those of injected with PIAE once per week as the treatment group. Three PIAE dosages of low- (0.5 mg/ml), medium- (1.0 mg/ml), and high- (1.5 mg/ml) doses were applied. Control mice were intraperitoneally injected with phosphate-buffered saline (2 ml/Kg) three times per week. Mice were sacrificed after 4 or 8 week treatment. Mice serum glutamyl pyruvic transaminases (GPT) were increased in the TAA group while the treatment group effects were declined after 4 or 8 weeks. H&E, Reticular fiber, and Sirius red staining revealed that TAA induced liver fibrosis and fibrotic lesions were reduced by PIAE treatment. Hydroxyproline assay showed that TAA increased collagen contents and PIAE significantly decreased collagen contents after 4 or 8 weeks. Collagen £\1 and £\-SMA mRNA levels were decreased after 4- or 8- week PIAE treatments. The protein levels of ED2, £\-SMA, p53, and phospho-p53 were all significantly declined on 4 or 8 weeks after PIAE treatment. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of P. indica shows anti-fibrotic effects on fibrogenesis of mouse liver.

This study aimed to compare  the artificial tears Systane Ultra with Add1 and their performance in NITBUT (Non Invasive Tear Break Up Time). 20 participants between 21-29 years were divided into two groups , one group received Systane Ultra and the other Add1. Once each participant filled out an OSDI survey NITBUT was measured. First without any Artificial tears and then 5, 10, 15 , 20, 30 , 45 and 60 minutes after instillation. The Systane Ultra group and Add1 group differs in this study, however, no significant difference ( P = 0.055 ) in amplitude of NITBUT was obtained. Over time there is no significant difference (P > 0.05). The two drops perform equal at all times. There are advantages to using an instrument like Bon Sirius, for example, to avoid the bias of the observer. This study can be considered as an experimental study for future studies in the field.

Les propriétés géochimiques particulières du molybdène vis-à-vis du potentiel d’oxygénation en milieu aqueux en font un élément particulièrement utilisé pour déterminer le degré d’oxygénation du milieu dans lequel un dépôt a sédimenté. Dans un premier temps, ce travail de thèse présente une alternative aux méthodes d’extraction du molybdène utilisées jusqu’ici. Les principales méthodes de purification couramment utilisées sur échantillons géologiques se décomposent en deux phases : une purification au travers d’une résine anionique, puis une purification au travers d’une résine cationique. La méthode proposée ici, initialement prévue pour permettre des analyses en Sample-Standard-Bracketing (SSB), permet d’isoler quantitativement le molybdène du reste de la matrice géologique en un seul passage sur résine anionique. La purification s’avère également suffisamment efficace pour effectuer des analyses en utilisant la méthode du double-spike. Une comparaison de ces deux méthodes de correction du fractionnement instrumental a permis d’évaluer les limites de l’utilisation du SSB par rapport au double-spike. Dans un second temps, cette chimie a été appliquée dans le cadre d’une étude géochimique approfondie d’un gisement fossilifère extrêmement riche: le Lagerstätte de Sirius Passet situé au nord du Groenland. Associée aux critères paléontologiques, cette étude indique que ces sédiments se sont déposés dans un milieu au moins partiellement oxygéné, sous forme de boues sédimentaires très peu propices aux échanges avec la colonne d’eau. Le contexte paléogéographique, les analyses chimiques et les observations microscopiques suggèrent que ces boues sont principalement d’origine éolienne. / The particular behaviour of molybdenum towards the oxygenation potential in aqueous environments makes this element very useful to infer the oxygenation level under which a sediment is deposited. The first part of this PhD thesis is dedicated to the development of a new protocol for the extraction of molybdenum from geological samples. Until now, most extractions are performed using two ion exchange resin columns: an anionic one, then a cationic one. The protocol proposed here, initially set to allow measurements using a classical Sample-Standard-Bracketing (SSB) method, allows good purification and recovery of molybdenum through a single pass in an anion exchange resin. This purification is good enough to perform analyses using the double-spike method. A comparison between these two methods to correct the instrumental mass bias allowed us to better constrain SSB limits versus the double-spike method. The second part of this work aimed at geochemically characterizing an extraordinary fossil assemblage deposit located in North Greenland: the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte. In association with paleontological criteria, this study shows that these sediments were deposited in an environment at least partially oxygenated, in the form of muds enabling little exchange with the water column. The paleogeographical context, chemical analyses and thin-section observations suggest that these muds are mainly aeolian in origin.

Este trabalho apresenta um meta-modelo conceitual de dados para ser usado como ferramenta concetual para a construção de modelos de dados, obedecendo a determinados padrões. Ele é baseado em um metamodelo que permite a instanciação de modelos de dados. Para isso, identificaram-se as abstrações de dados fundamentais utilizadas em modelos de dados em geral: as abstrações de classificação, de associação e de generalização, e a partir delas foi construído um metamodelo que permite a representação de outros modelos de dados. O metamodelo modela os construtores semânticos de um determinado modelo de dados definindo diversas parametrizações das abstrações utilizadas nesse modelo, possivelmente em múltiplas ocorrêncas da mesma abstração num mesmo modelo. Considera-se uma ocorrência de parametrização como a identificação das restrições que envolvem uma abstração e a atribuição de valores a essas restrições, delimitando as possibilidades de cada restrição. Com esse conceito foi estabelecido um arcabouço conceitual que define uma estrutura precisa para cada construtor do metamodelo. A parametrização foi exemplificada pela aplicação ao Modelo Entidade-Relacionamento original, e na construção de um modelo orientado a objetos concebido para atender a necessidades bem especificadas, definidas a priori (atender às necessidades de aplicações de projeto e engenharia e aplicações científicas) que é denominado Modelo SIRIUS. / A set of conceptual constructions was developed to be used as a \"conceptual tool\" aiming the representation or construction of other data models. The result is a Data Meta-Model, which can be used as a reference standard for the construction of other data models. The Meta-model is based on the identification of the fundamental data abstractions used in the existing data models. It is shown that the fundamental abstractions are the classification, the association and the generalization ones. The Meta-model permits the definition of the semantic constructors of each data model the parameterization of the fundamental abstractions used in each constructor of the model. An abstraction is parameterized by collecting its set of restrictions and by setting each restriction with a particular value. Therefore, the same abstraction can generate several distinct abstraction instances. In the same way, several abstraction instances of distinct fundamental abstractions can be associated to build each each semantic constructor of the target data model. This process is exemplified using two case studies. First, it is used to represent the Entity-Relationship Model. Thereafter, it is used to construct a new data model, aiming at supporting the requirements of computer-aided engineering design and of scientific applications. The new data model is named SIRIUS, and incorporates the fundamental abstractions instantiated into semantic constructors tailored to the needs of those domains.

Este trabalho apresenta um meta-modelo conceitual de dados para ser usado como ferramenta concetual para a construção de modelos de dados, obedecendo a determinados padrões. Ele é baseado em um metamodelo que permite a instanciação de modelos de dados. Para isso, identificaram-se as abstrações de dados fundamentais utilizadas em modelos de dados em geral: as abstrações de classificação, de associação e de generalização, e a partir delas foi construído um metamodelo que permite a representação de outros modelos de dados. O metamodelo modela os construtores semânticos de um determinado modelo de dados definindo diversas parametrizações das abstrações utilizadas nesse modelo, possivelmente em múltiplas ocorrêncas da mesma abstração num mesmo modelo. Considera-se uma ocorrência de parametrização como a identificação das restrições que envolvem uma abstração e a atribuição de valores a essas restrições, delimitando as possibilidades de cada restrição. Com esse conceito foi estabelecido um arcabouço conceitual que define uma estrutura precisa para cada construtor do metamodelo. A parametrização foi exemplificada pela aplicação ao Modelo Entidade-Relacionamento original, e na construção de um modelo orientado a objetos concebido para atender a necessidades bem especificadas, definidas a priori (atender às necessidades de aplicações de projeto e engenharia e aplicações científicas) que é denominado Modelo SIRIUS. / A set of conceptual constructions was developed to be used as a \"conceptual tool\" aiming the representation or construction of other data models. The result is a Data Meta-Model, which can be used as a reference standard for the construction of other data models. The Meta-model is based on the identification of the fundamental data abstractions used in the existing data models. It is shown that the fundamental abstractions are the classification, the association and the generalization ones. The Meta-model permits the definition of the semantic constructors of each data model the parameterization of the fundamental abstractions used in each constructor of the model. An abstraction is parameterized by collecting its set of restrictions and by setting each restriction with a particular value. Therefore, the same abstraction can generate several distinct abstraction instances. In the same way, several abstraction instances of distinct fundamental abstractions can be associated to build each each semantic constructor of the target data model. This process is exemplified using two case studies. First, it is used to represent the Entity-Relationship Model. Thereafter, it is used to construct a new data model, aiming at supporting the requirements of computer-aided engineering design and of scientific applications. The new data model is named SIRIUS, and incorporates the fundamental abstractions instantiated into semantic constructors tailored to the needs of those domains.

Le projet SPIRAL2 permettra de produire au GANIL des faisceaux radioactifs et stables très intenses. Repoussant les limites actuelles de nos connaissances, il constitue une opportunité pour de nombreux domaines de la physique nucléaire. Le Super Séparateur Spectromètre S3 et son système de détection au plan focal SIRIUS ont été conçus afin de tirer le meilleur parti de ces faisceaux stables intenses notamment au profit des recherches sur les éléments N=Z proches de l'étain-100 et des noyaux super lourds. Ce travail de thèse portent sur les détecteurs silicium Tunnel de SIRIUS, avec d'un côté des simulations GEANT4 de l'ensemble de SIRIUS et d'un autre côté son pendant expérimental avec l'étude des prototypes des Tunnel de SIRIUS. Les simulations ont permis, outre la caractérisation de l'efficacité de détection et des limites induites en terme de conception mécanique, de mettre en lumière le bond en avant permis par l'avènement de détecteurs silicium presque sans zones mortes. La partie dédiée aux manipulations commence par la présentation du banc de test mis en place à l'IPHC pour recevoir et tester les détecteurs prototypes et pré-série. Le détecteur Tunnel est également présenté dans son contexte scientifique et technique. Les études des prototypes de détecteurs Tunnel et les résultats obtenus sont détaillés. Enfin, l'évolution vers les détecteurs de série est présentée sur la base des améliorations réalisées et constatées pour le détecteur de pré-série. / The SPIRAL2 project will enable the production at GANIL of very intense radioactive and stable beams. Pushing the present-day limits of knowledge, it represents an opportunity for several fields of nuclear physics. The Super Separator Spectrometer S3 associated to its focal-plane detection system SIRIUS will take the best possible benefit of these intense stable beams especially for researches on the N=Z nuclei close to Tin-100 and on the super heavy elements. This thesis is dedicated to the SIRIUS Tunnel silicon detectors, with GEANT4 simulations and their corresponding experimental study of the SIRIUS Tunnel detectors prototypes. In addition to the detection efficiency characterization and the setting of corresponding limits on mechanical conceptual drawings, the simulations have enabled to shed light on the major forward step brought by zero dead-layer silicon detectors. The section dedicated to the manipulations starts with the presentation of the test bench set up at IPHC in order and test the prototypes and pre-series detectors. The Tunnel detector is also presented in its scientific and technical context. The Tunnel detector prototypes studies and the results obtained are detailed. Finally, the evolution toward series detectors is presented on the basis of the improvements done with the pre-series detector.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) är en viktig metod för artidentifiering av mikroorganismer på kliniska mikrobiologiska laboratorier. Enligt rekommendationer från Bruker Daltonics skall matrixapplicering ske relativt omedelbart efter att mikroorganismer har applicerats. Syftet med studien var att utvärdera effekter på artidentifiering vid förlängda tidsintervall mellan applicering av mikroorganismer och matrix med MALDI-TOF MS. Målet var att optimera arbetsflödet på mikrobiologilaboratoriet, laboratoriemedicin, Region Jönköping län (RJL). I studien undersöktes hur identifieringen av mikroorganismer påverkades av applicering avbakterie- och jästsvampstammar (n = 267) och α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnaminsyra (HCCA)-matrix på en MALDI-provplatta vid varierande tidsintervall upp till tre timmar. Analys med MALDI-TOF MS genomfördes med masspektrometrarna MALDI Biotyper Sirius IVD System och Bruker MicroFlex LT. Resultaten visade att förlängda tidsintervall mellan applicering av mikroorganismer och matrix upp till tre timmar inte hade någon signifikant effekt på scorevärden vid artidentifiering, vilket innebar att tidsintervallen är acceptabla för artidentifiering med MALDI-TOF MS. Detta ger värdefull information för att optimera arbetsflödet och öka effektiviteten på mikrobiologilaboratoriet. / Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is an important method for species level identification in clinical microbiology laboratories. According to recommendations from Bruker Daltonics matrix application should occur relatively immediately after microorganisms have been applied. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects on microbial identification at extended time intervals between microbial and matrix application using MALDI-TOF MS. The objective was to optimize the workflow at the microbiology laboratory, laboratory medicine, Region Jönköping län (RJL). The study investigated the impact on identification of microorganisms between the application of bacterial and yeast strains (n = 267) and α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCCA) matrix on a MALDI target plate of various time intervals up to three hours. MALDI-TOF MS was performed using MALDI Biotyper Sirius IVD System and Bruker MicroFlex LT mass spectrometers.The results showed that a delay of matrix application up to three hours had no significant effect on score values, indicating that time did not affect the accuracy of microbial identification using MALDI-TOF MS. Consequently, the study provided valuable information for optimizing the workflow and increasing the efficiency of the microbiology laboratory.

<p>Fotboll kan ses överallt nuförtiden. Det visas nästan ständigt matcher på tv och media rapporterar spaltmeter dagligen. Att likna en fotbollsmatch vid en produkt som ska säljas är i dagens samhälle inte alls någonting konstigt. De olika egenskaper en fotbollsmatch kan ha uppfyller på olika sätt publikens behov. Vilka är dessa behov? Specifikt vad är det som gör att en person väljer att gå och se en fotbollsmatch med Sirius på Studenternas Idrottsplats i Uppsala? Detta är vad denna uppsats avser att undersöka. Som analysverktyg har teorier om kunders behov vid produktinköp använts. Med produkt avses i denna studie Sirius hemmamatcher. För att finna svar på vilka behov som finns hos Sirius publik har en enkätundersökning utförts på Studenternas i samband med matchen mellan Sirius och Degerfors den 4: e augusti. Resultaten som framkom i studien tyder på att det finns en rad olika behov som är viktiga. Själva fotbollens kvalité samt atmosfären och stämningen runt omkring är väldigt betydelsefulla behov för publiken. Vidare är arenafaciliteterna viktiga. Fotbollen ska även uppfylla behovet av underhållning och fungera som en social mötesplats. Att känna passion samt delaktighet i Sirius med- och motgångar är ytterligare starka behov. Sammanfattningsvis kan det sägas att fotboll inte bara är fotboll, utan det kan ses som ett socialt nöje inom vilket en mängd känslor uttrycks. Uppsatsresultaten kan med fördel användas som riktlinjer då marknadsföring och utformning av matchevenemang ska genomföras inom Sirius fotboll.</p>