I Sverige finns 21 000 broar som Trafikverket förvaltar (Trafikverket, 2018a). Två brotyper som finns är rambro och balkbro. Rambron är en av de vanligaste brotyperna och är uppbyggd som en fast inspänd konstruktion. Brosystemet kallas plattrambro eller balkrambro beroende på om balkarna eller plattan är det bärande elementet. Om bron istället är fritt upplagd på stödkonstruktionen, kallas brosystemet för plattbro eller balkbro (Vägverket, 1996). ZIP-balksbron är uppbyggd som en balkbro med en modell liknande omvända T-balkar som läggs fläns mot fläns. Brosystemet kommer ursprungligen från Spanbeton i Holland och gjorde under år 2019 premiär på den svenska marknaden med ett projekt i Härnösand. Bron har en spännvidd på 20,55 meter bestående av nio ZIP-balkar. Balkarna prefabriceras på Strängbetongs fabrik i Långviksmon utanför Härnösand. Projektet blev klart under hösten 2019. Syfte och mål med examensarbetet var att undersöka skillnader mellan ZIP-balksbron och en traditionell exemplifierad plattrambro. Aspekterna som undersöktes var underhållet hos de två brotyperna, materialåtgång av betong och armering, last av trafik samt att det gjordes en utvärdering av projektet. Resultatet visar att ZIP-balksbron kräver mer underhåll än en plattrambro eftersom balkbroar har övergångskonstruktion och brolager. Den tar även mer tid att inspektera då den innehåller manhål. ZIP-balksbron använder sig av 29,38 % mindre betong på en meter. Armeringsdifferensen mellan broarna är försumbart. Momentet av den vertikala respektive horisontella lasten av trafik är 44,5 % respektive 19,2 % större hos ZIP-balksbron jämfört med plattrambron. Resultatet visar även på ett bra utfört brobygge som kan hänvisas i brolösningen, samt nöjda parter från flera håll. Slutsatsen är att plattrambron är mer fördelaktig att använda ur ett underhållsperspektiv, en balkbro kräver betydligt större underhåll än de driftåtgärder som årligen sker på broar. Men, genom arbetets bevisning använder ZIP-balksbron mindre betong än hos en traditionell plattrambro och har en enkel byggprocess, vilket ökar förtroendet för brolösningen och framförallt för prefabricering inom brobranschen. Trots att brotypen kräver ett större underhåll samt en ökad och mer komplex momentfördelning än hos en plattrambro, kan säkerheten under byggtiden vara en avgörande aspekt vid val av brobyggen i framtiden. / The ZIP-beam bridge is constructed as a beam bridge with inverted T-beams placed with flanges next to each other. The bridge system is originally from Spanbeton in Holland and it is having its premiere on the Swedish market during year 2019 with an ongoing project in Härnösand. The bridge span is 20,55 meters consisted with nine ZIP-beams. The project was finished in august 2019.  The purpose and goal were to examine differences between the ZIP-beam bridge and a traditional slab frame bridge. The aspects to examine was maintence, use of concrete and reinforcement and traffic loads.  The results show that the ZIP-beam bridge requires more maintenance than the slab frame bridge. The ZIP-beam bridge uses 29,38 % less concrete per metre. The use of reinforcement is negligible. The moment force of the horisontal and vertical traffic loads is 44,5 % respective 19,2 % larger at the ZIP-beam bridge. The conclusion of this paper shows that even though the ZIP-beam bridge requires more maintenance and a more complex moment force than a slab frame bridge, the safety during the building time as well as the less amount of concrete used can be a conclusive factor when building bridges in Sweden in the future.

Subject of this diploma this is prepare a documentation for the construction of a hotel. Designed object is located in the Brno city. The hotel meets the conditions of a three-star (***) economic standard. It is designed with 18 accommodation units, of which 2 rooms for disabled. The hotel accommodates only 38 people. There is a restaurant with a terrace in the hotel too. Underground garages primarily designed for parking cars of hotel visitors. The object is designed in a rectangular shape. The construction system of the hotel is combined. Perimeter masonry in the upper floors is made of ceramic blocks, inside are a reinforced concrete skeleton. The foundation structure is designed as a system of waterproof concrete. The floor structure is designed as reinforced concrete slabs. The roofing will be solved by a flat roof with a gravel layer. The whole building is insulated to meet all the requirements of energy consumption of buildings. The main entrance is oriented to the west. In front of the building there is a parking space for hotel guests.

The main purpose of this thesis is to describe in detail the processes of selected parts of the construction technology project for the construction of the department store Galéria Lučenec, based on the project documentation provided by the principal engineer. It is a large-scale new building with a cast-in-place reinforced concrete load-bearing structure with steel elements located in the center of Lučenec. The diploma thesis consists of the main parts such as the technical report of the construction technology project, a detailed coordination situation of the construction site, and a detailed time and financial plan of individual buildings. Within the main building, a study of the main technological stages of construction, elaboration of the project site equipment together with the associated design documentation and the technical report, design of the main construction machines and mechanisms, time schedule of the main building processes, and an item budget are described. Within the technological regulation and the control plan, the diploma thesis is focused on the cast-in-place structures of the superstructure. In the final part of the project, there are chapters devoted to topics such as occupational health and safety on the construction site, evaluation of LEED 2009 certification, the procedure for securing the construction pit, and the assessment of the main vertical lifting mechanisms.

The master’s thesis is focused on serviceability evaluation of historical concrete floor slab realized in the third decade of the 20th century. The assessment of structural performance is based on the results of load testing in situ. The thesis defines contemporary load testing requirements followed by the specifications of measuring instruments and the possibilities of displacement measurements during load testing. In addition, it includes structural and historical investigation of the building, methodology and data evaluation of the load testing. Finally, the theoretical computer simulation of executed load testing is run by using software determined for nonlinear finite elements analysis.

The subject of the master´s thesis is design documentation for the construction of a winery on the outskirts of the town Hustopeče. The building is designed on a slope between the vineyards and consists of two parts that are connected under the terrain. Under the terrain there is also an underlying part of the building so as not to disturb the landscape of the vineyards. The first part is used for wine production and the second part is used for the presentation of wine. The building is designed from in situ reinforced concrete with load-bearing walls and internal columns. The basement walls are made of waterproof concrete. The above-ground perimeter walls consist of sandwich structures consisting of a load-bearing wall, thermal insulation and a partition made of architectural concrete. At the same time, architectural concrete dominates the entire building. The foundation is designed on piles due to the subsoil. Horizontal structures are solved as locally supported slabs and the roofing is solved by two vegetation roofs and one load-bearing roof.

This diploma thesis deals with design and elaboration of project dokumentation of kindergarten in Velká Bíteš. The building have two above-ground floor, non besement, with flat green roof. The structural system of building is designed from sand-lime block with thiskness 240 mm. Floor structure is from precast floor slab. The building is insulated witr contact thermal insulation. In kindergarten there is three class, each for 25 kids.

No description available.

For intermediate floors in residential and office buildings, as well as in parking garages and malls, there is a wide use of hollow core concrete slabs in Sweden today. Hollow core slabs are precast and prestressed concrete elements with cylindrical-shaped voids extending along the length of the slab. These structural elements have the advantage compared to cast-in-situ concrete slabs that they have a high strength, due to the prestressing, and that the voids allow for a lower self-weight. Additionally, the voids allow for a reduction in the use of concrete material. These characteristics offer possibilities to build long-span floors with slender designs. However, a consequence of the slenderness of the slabs is that such floors have an increased sensitivity to vibrations induced by various dynamic loads. In residential and office buildings vibrations are primarily caused by human activity, and therefore concerns related to the serviceability of such floors are raised. These vibrations are often not related to problems with structural integrity, but rather to different aspects of comfort of the residents or workers. The aim of this thesis is to provide additional information regarding the dynamic behavior of hollow core floors. An experimental modal analysis has been performed on an existing floor in an office building. The dynamic properties in the form of natural frequencies, mode shapes, damping ratios and frequency response functions were derived and analyzed from these measurements. Subsequently, several finite element models were developed, aiming to reproduce the experimental dynamic behavior of the studied floor. The measurements initially showed some unexpected dynamic responses of the floor. For this reason, more advanced methods of signal analyses were applied to the data. The analyses showed that the slab has some closely spaced modes and that the modes of the floor are complex to a certain degree. The finite element models were studied with different configurations. In particular, the effect the model size, boundary conditions, material properties and potential structural discontinuities have on the dynamic response of the slab was studied. Sufficiently good agreement has been achieved between the experimental and numerical results in terms of natural frequencies and mode shapes. The acceleration amplitude responses of the numerical models were generally higher than the ones obtained from the measurements, which leads to difficulties in matching of the frequency response functions. / Håldäck i betong används idag i stor utsträckning som bjälklag i bostads- och kontorsbyggnader, liksom i parkeringsgarage och köpcentra. Håldäcksbjälklag består av prefabricerade och förspända betongelement, med cylindriska hål som sträcker sig i plattans längsriktning. Dessa konstruktionselement har fördelen, jämfört med platsgjutna betongplattor, att de har en hög hållfasthet på grund av förspänningen och att hålen möjliggör en lägre egenvikt. Dessutom gör hålen att en mindre mängd betongmaterial behövs. Dessa egenskaper ger möjligheter att bygga golv med långa spännvidder och slank design. En konsekvens av slankheten är emellertid att sådana golv har en ökad känslighet för vibrationer som orsakas av olika dynamiska belastningar. I bostads- och kontorsbyggnader orsakas vibrationer främst av mänsklig aktivitet, och därför finns det en del oro relaterad till sådana golvs brukbarhet. Dessa vibrationer är oftast inte relaterade till frågor om strukturell integritet, utan snarare till olika aspekter av boendes eller arbetares känsla av komfort. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att bidra till kunskapen om håldäcksbjälklags dynamiska beteende. En experimentell modalanalys har utförts på ett befintligt golv i en kontorsbyggnad. De dynamiska egenskaperna i form av egenfrekvenser, modformer, dämpning och frekvenssvarsfunktioner erhölls och analyserades med hjälp av dessa mätningar. Därefter utvecklades flera finita element modeller för att reproducera det experimentellt uppmätta dynamiska beteendet hos det studerade golvet. Mätningarna visade initialt något oväntade dynamiska responser från golvet. Av denna anledning applicerades mer avancerade signalanalysmetoder på datan. Analyserna visade att plattan har några moder inom ett litet frekvensintervall och att moderna till en viss grad är komplexa. De finita element modellerna studerades med olika konfigurationer. I synnerhet studerades effekten av modellstorleken, randvillkoren, materialegenskaperna och potentiella strukturella diskontinuiteter på golvets dynamiska respons. Tillräckligt bra överensstämmelse har uppnåtts mellan de experimentella och numeriska resultaten i form av egenfrekvenser och modformer. Accelerationsamplituderna för de numeriska modellerna var i allmänhet högre än de som erhölls under mätningarna, vilket leder till svårigheter att matcha frekvenssvarsfunktionerna.

The impact on the built environment due to the forecasted climate change was presented by the authorities more than one decade ago, but the actions from the building industry to adapt buildings for a changed climate are still lacking. The purpose of this study is to identify a suitable cooling technique for a modern residential building in a future warmer climate in order to maintain thermal comfort but also energy efficiency. This thesis analyses and presents passive techniques and the behavior of active cooling with a slab cooling system under a future climate scenario so as to accomplish a sustainable system which will be functionable and viable in the future. To verify the different solutions the building performance simulation software IDA ICE has been used and a case study building with a simulated location in the city of Stockholm has been investigated. Results show promising outcomes as thermal comfort is achieved and energy efficiency is maintained depending on diversely selected energy sources. / Påverkan på den byggda miljön från klimatförändringar har upplysts av myndigheter under minst de senaste tio åren, men agerande från byggbranschen för att klimatanpassa är fortfarande låg. Syftet med denna studie är att identifiera en lämplig kylteknik för ett bostadshus i ett framtida varmare klimat för att bibehålla termisk komfort och samtidigt energieffektivitet. Denna examensrapport analyserar och presenterar prestanda hos dels olika passiva system, dels ett kombinerat värme- och kylsystem i bjälklag i ett framtida klimatscenario för att uppnå ett hållbart system som kommer att vara funktionellt och livskraftigt i framtiden. För att verifiera de olika kyllösningarna har simuleringsprogrammet för byggnadsprestanda IDA ICE använts och en fallstudiebyggnad med en simulerad placering i Stockholm har undersökts. Resultaten visar lovande resultat eftersom termisk komfort uppnås och energiprestanda kan bibehållas beroende på valda energikällor.

This research encompasses the automated design and structural optimization of reinforced concrete slab frame bridges, considering investment costs and environmental impacts. The most important feature of this work is that it focusses on realistic and complete models of slab frame bridges rather than on optimization of only individual members or sections of a bridge. The thesis consists of an extended summary of publications and three appended papers. In the first paper, using simple assumptions, the possibility of applying cost-optimization to the structural design of slab frame bridges was investigated. The results of the optimization of an existing constructed bridge showed the potential to reduce the investment cost of slab frame bridges. The procedure was further developed in the second paper. In this paper, automated design was integrated to a more refined cost-optimization methodology based on more detailed assumptions and including extra constructability factors. This procedure was then applied to a bridge under design, before its construction. From the point of view of sustainability, bridge design should not only consider criteria such as cost but also environmental performance. The third paper thus integrated life cycle assessment (LCA) with the design optimization procedure to perform environmental impact optimization of the same case study bridge as in the second paper. The results of investment cost and environmental impact optimization were then compared. The obtained results presented in the appended papers highlight the successful application of optimization techniques to the structural design of reinforced concrete slab frame bridges. Moreover, the results indicate that a multi-objective optimization that simultaneously considers both environmental impacts and investment cost is necessary in order to generate more sustainable designs. The presented methodology has been applied to the design process for a time-effective, sustainable, and optimal design of concrete slab frame bridges. / <p>QC 20170316</p>