Este trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo colocar em análise a relação entre sujeito e laço social nas situações de sofrimento psíquico relacionadas à exposição do sujeito a violências sociais. Propomos pensar sobre a função e o lugar da escuta do sofrimento psíquico na política pública de assistência social, considerando o modo de organização desta política pública através do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS), buscando articular a dimensão subjetiva e singular dos sujeitos com a dimensão política e social. Estas interrogações se produziram em um espaço de acompanhamento, em um Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (CREAS), de famílias moradoras da Vila Chocolatão, em Porto Alegre, que foram reassentadas em outro ponto da cidade. Seus moradores mais antigos viviam há 24 anos neste local e, em sua maioria, trabalham essencialmente na catação e separação de lixo, sendo que muitos possuem, em suas trajetórias, histórias de vida na rua, além de ser uma comunidade em constante movimento na forma de habitar. A Vila Chocolatão e o coletivo de moradores que acompanhamos se apresentaram como um ponto de partida de uma construção que se deu aos poucos, incluindo as imprecisões, os estranhamentos e as interrogações para a composição de narrativas que nos serviram de guia no trabalho de escuta. Como um ponto de origem, a Vila Chocolatão – através de seus traços – foi dando lugar aos sujeitos de nossa pesquisa. Este estudo parte do pressuposto construído por Freud no texto “O Mal-Estar na Cultura” (1930 [2010]), de que vivemos sob diversas formas do mal-estar que nos trazem à tona a dimensão faltosa e de infelicidade de viver na coletividade, principalmente em decorrência das relações sociais. Frente ao reconhecimento da impossibilidade da supressão do mal-estar buscamos, nesse trabalho, situar, através da ética psicanalítica, um posicionamento que não esteja pautado pela sua eliminação, mas pela compreensão da heterogeneidade radical do inconsciente, a qual não é possível dominar e sim singularizar. Nesta direção, nos interessa interrogar as modalidades do laço que presentificam a exclusão social de maneira articulada aos significantes construídos em um dado momento da cultura. E, a partir desse exame, desenhar uma intervenção clínica na política pública de assistência social que leve em consideração o sujeito em sua singularidade, considerando as questões que emergem da clínica a respeito do trauma, do luto e das expressões da dor. Nesse sentido, apostamos na potência da narratividade em singularizar e dar voz ao testemunho dessa experiência Neste trabalho, intentamos indicar o quanto a “exclusão” contrasta com a prática da transferência, que implica a suposição do sujeito em presença e propusemos discutir que perspectivas se lançam na clínica ao operarmos com o significante “exclusão” na referência ao singular do sujeito e não com seu correlato “inclusão”. Tal deslocamento de perspectiva poderia afetar a intervenção que se pauta por um ideal de universalidade de cidadania, movendo-a em direção à abertura de uma escuta do sujeito que preserve a indissociabilidade entre clínica e política. / This research aims to put in question the relationship between subject and social ties in situations of psychological distress related to exposure of the subject to social violence. We propose to think about the role and place of hearing of psychological distress in the public policy of social assistance, considering the mode of organization of public policy through the Social Assistance System (SAS), seeking to articulate the subjective and unique to the size of the subject political and social. These questions were produced in a space monitoring in a Reference Center for Specialized Social Assistance (RCSSA) of families living in the Village Chocolatão, in Porto Alegre, who were resettled in another part of town. His older residents living in this place 24 years ago and, mostly, working mainly in grooming and separation of garbage, and many have in their history, stories of street life, besides being a community in constant motion in the form of dwell. The Village Chocolatão and the collective residents follow is presented as a starting point of a building that took place gradually, including the inaccuracies, the surprise and the questions for the composition of narratives that have served us as guide for the work of listening. As a point of origin, the Village Chocolatão – through their traces – was giving way to the subjects of our research. This study assumes constructed by Freud in the text “The Malaise in the Culture” (1930 [2010]), that we live under various forms of malaise that we bring up the scale fault and misfortune to live in the community mainly as a result of social relations. Faced with the recognition of the impossibility of removing the uneasiness we seek in this work place, through the psychoanalytic ethics, a position that is not guided by its elimination, but by understanding the radical heterogeneity of the unconscious, which is not possible to master, but singled. In this direction, we are interested in interrogating the terms of the bond that make this social exclusion in coordination with significant built in a given time of culture. And from this review, design a clinical intervention in the public policy of social assistance that takes into account the subject in its uniqueness, considering the issues that emerge from the clinic on trauma, mourning and the expression of pain. Accordingly, we rely on the power of narrative in single out and give voice to the testimony of this experience this work, intend to indicate how much the “exclusion” contrasts with the practice of transfer, which involves the assumption of the subject in the presence and proposed to cast discuss what prospects the clinic to operate with significant "exclusion" in reference to the singular subject and not with its correlate “inclusion”. This shift in perspective could affect the intervention that is guided by an ideal of universal citizenship, moving it toward the opening of a guy who listens to preserve the inseparability between practice and policy.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / A sociedade baseada no modo de produção capitalista tem se mostrado excludente, assim como afirmou Marx em meados do Século XIX, e verifica-se que um grande contingente da população encontra-se privado de vários direitos intimamente ligados às obrigações do Estado. Considerando o fenômeno da exclusão social como resultado da redistribuição espacial das cidades, da privação aos acessos aos serviços urbanos e das concentrações de renda extrema, este trabalho se propôs a elaborar, aplicar e analisar comparativamente índices de exclusão social em seis capitais do Nordeste brasileiro, sendo três classificadas pelo IBGE como integrantes de metrópoles regionais, e três como capitais regionais de nível A, com o intuito de identificar aspectos comuns ou diferenciados quanto à espacialização da exclusão social entre essas capitais. Este trabalho utilizou metodologia baseada nos trabalhos de Pochmann e Amorim (2003) para a elaboração de índices de exclusão social, e para isso fez uso dos resultados obtidos pelo Censo Demográfico 2000 realizado pelo IBGE. Os índices criados foram espacializados na malha digital das seis capitais nordestinas, utilizando-se como menor unidade de análise o setor censitário. A espacialização dos índices compostos de exclusão social mostrou que as capitais nordestinas apresentam um elevado grau de desigualdade que não se revela somente na dimensão econômica, mas está presente em relação aos acessos aos serviços públicos, moradia digna e educação. Este trabalho verificou que, apesar da heterogeneização das realidades em macro escala, há, numa escala intra-regional, uma homogeneização dos níveis de desigualdade e exclusão social expressos principalmente pela padronização da concentração de renda e conseqüente exclusão da maioria dos indivíduos dos acessos aos serviços públicos. O Estado tem um papel preponderante para que se encontre uma solução quanto à situação de exclusão social. Não se pode considerar o papel do Estado como sendo de apenas amenizar os conflitos. O papel do Estado deve ser encarado como o de assumir prioridades claras no sentido dos interesses da coletividade.

The thesis deals with the role played by the teacher in the education of pupils growing up in conditions of social exclusion. The aim of the thesis is to understand the relationship between elementary school and the education of pupils with special educational needs. The author wants to find out how teachers cope with the requirements of inclusive education in their day-to-day practice. Another issue is whether pupils growing up in conditions of social exclusion have access to institutionalized help and what role play teachers in accessing this assistance. The author proceeds through qualitative research. The theoretical basis for research work is the concept of social exclusion and the concept of teacher role in the level of expectation, concept and performance. The thesis presents a legislative framework which formulates the state's current expectations towards schools in the education of pupils with specific educational needs. The text is also about how this legislative framework is reflected in the practice of elementary school and what is the impact on the teachers work in a particular class, with specific pupils.The author answers key research questions through the criteria for the distribution of support, the views of teachers and the method of their work. The author concludes that children growing...

The Diploma thesis called "The system of services for homeless people in Prague" is focused on answering the main research question: "What is the demographic structure of homeless people in Prague using social services?". The first chapter is devoted to the theory of homelessness, its development, changes and society's responses in according to this socially pathological phenomenon. The second part of the Diploma thesis focuses directly on the situation of homeless people. Firstly, the definition of social services is described, I also focus on social prevention services that help solve the problem. I also describe problematic areas of homelessness and their solutions in the context of social services aimed at minimizing the negative effects of homelessness, preventing its development, as well as preventive action. The third part is focused on explaining the notion of demography, its exploration and interpretation of basic terms, the definition of which is necessary for the understanding of the research part of the Diploma thesis. I present here the results of the first official Census 2011 of homeless people in the Czech Republic. In the last chapter of my thesis, my own research survey is conducted, in which I try to answer the main and partial research questions. A quantitative survey is used,...

VALE, Cristiane Aguiar do. Avaliação do Programa de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil (PETI) em Fortaleza-CE. 2010. 141f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas, Fortaleza (CE), 2010. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-01T11:38:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010-DIS-CAVALE.pdf: 2946404 bytes, checksum: fcf251692d5c93a014ca94e6f7c30ce9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-01T14:08:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010-DIS-CAVALE.pdf: 2946404 bytes, checksum: fcf251692d5c93a014ca94e6f7c30ce9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-01T14:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010-DIS-CAVALE.pdf: 2946404 bytes, checksum: fcf251692d5c93a014ca94e6f7c30ce9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / This study aimed to evaluate the Eradication of Child Labor (PETI) in Fortaleza, and its implications with families contained therein. Child labor in Brazil is a social phenomenon present throughout its history. Is regarded as extremely complex, with multiple ways, strongly influenced, although not restricted by factors related to poverty, inequality and social exclusion, and was included on the public agenda in Brazil from the 1990, with the development of a broad set of initiatives aimed at the prevention and eradication of child labor. In this investigation, it has been like family centrality of children and adolescents who live or have lived the situation of child labor. The research aimed to assess whether the PETI has promoted changes in living conditions of these families, thus contributing to the process of emancipation and social inclusion of the same. The specific objectives and were to analyze the concepts that families have about child labor and on PETI; verify that the families of children and adolescents being inserted in PETI, no return to child labor. The methodological procedures used in the research were to study documentary and field survey. The research comprised quantitative and qualitative nuances. As a methodological strategy, we used the case study. The fieldwork took place between October to December 2009, with responsibility for children and adolescents PETI and a stay of more than three years in the program, during which, presumably, these families should have been emancipated. 106 families were found with this profile. From this universe was extracted a sample of 40%, thereby obtaining an initial number of 43 families registered for the application form. However, only 30 families were located by addresses and phone numbers found on the database of the coordination of PETI. After the application form for collecting data from families, with those responsible for children and adolescents, was calculated from these 30 families, another sample of 40% for the interviews in depth, which account for 17 respondents. The results were analyzed by reference to the interpretive approach, which advocates not only truths, because each interpretation is one possibility among others, where the senses are tied to concrete experience of the subjects and the meanings derived from the analytical efforts of the researcher. Research results showed that part of the overall respondents pointed as responsible for determining child labor not only money but also as a way to keep them away from delinquency, drugs, or as a form of occupation. And yet, for those families who stay for more than three years in the program, promoted this specific changes related to academic performance, interest in studying and improving the family budget, expenditures in helping with basic needs like food, but did not change its state of poverty and could not definitively rule out children and adolescents from early labor. / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o Programa de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil (PETI) em Fortaleza-CE, quanto às suas repercussões junto às famílias nele inseridas. O trabalho infantil, no Brasil, é um fenômeno social presente ao longo de toda sua história. Considerado de natureza extremamente complexa, com múltiplos aspectos, acentuadamente influenciado, embora não seja restrito, por fatores relacionados às situações de pobreza, desigualdade e exclusão social, tendo sido incluído na agenda pública brasileira a partir da década de 1990, com o desenvolvimento de um amplo conjunto de iniciativas voltadas para a prevenção e erradicação do trabalho infantil. Nesta investigação, tem-se como centralidade a família de crianças e adolescentes que vivem ou viveram a situação de trabalho infantil. A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral avaliar se o PETI vem promovendo modificações nas condições de vida dessas famílias, contribuindo assim, para o processo emancipatório e de inclusão social das mesmas. Os objetivos e específicos foram: analisar as concepções que as famílias têm acerca do trabalho infantil e sobre o PETI; verificar se mesmo as famílias das crianças e adolescentes estando inseridas no PETI, há retorno ao trabalho infantil. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados na pesquisa foram o estudo documental, de campo e levantamento bibliográfico. A pesquisa abrangeu nuances quantitativas e qualitativas. Como estratégia metodológica, foi utilizado o estudo de caso. A pesquisa de campo ocorreu no período de outubro a dezembro de 2009, com responsáveis pelas crianças e adolescentes do PETI, com permanência de mais de três anos no Programa, período no qual, supostamente, essas famílias já deveriam estar emancipadas. Foram encontradas 106 famílias com este perfil. Desse universo, foi extraída uma amostra de 40%, com isso obtendo-se um número inicial de 43 famílias cadastradas para a aplicação do formulário. No entanto, apenas 30 famílias foram localizadas por endereços e telefones encontrados no banco de dados da coordenação do PETI. Após a aplicação do formulário para coleta de dados das famílias, junto aos responsáveis pelas crianças e adolescentes, foi calculada, a partir dessas 30 famílias, outra amostra de 40% para a realização das entrevistas em profundidade, o que correspondeu a 17 responsáveis entrevistados. Os resultados foram analisados recorrendo-se ao enfoque interpretativo, que não advoga verdades únicas, pois cada interpretação dos dados é uma possibilidade dentre outras, onde os sentidos estão vinculados à experiência concreta dos sujeitos e os significados resultam do esforço analítico do pesquisador. Os resultados decorrentes revelaram que parte do conjunto dos responsáveis entrevistados apontou como determinante para o trabalho infantil não somente o dinheiro, mas, também, como forma de afastá-los da marginalidade, das drogas, ou seja, como uma forma de ocupação. E ainda que, para essas famílias que permanecem há mais de três anos no Programa, este promoveu mudanças pontuais relacionadas ao desempenho escolar, interesse pelos estudos e melhoria no orçamento familiar, ajudando em gastos com necessidades básicas como a alimentação, porém não alterou o seu estado de pobreza e não conseguiu definitivamente afastar as crianças e adolescentes do trabalho precoce.

RODRIGUES, Maria Fernanda de Sousa. Socioeconomia solidária: tecendo novas relações sociais no Conjunto Palmeiras. 2003. 91f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2003. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-03-21T11:19:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2003-DIS-MFSRODRIGUES.pdf: 1080025 bytes, checksum: 5b90340f965ead9cc1a01a613ad6bc41 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-03-21T11:33:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2003-DIS-MFSRODRIGUES.pdf: 1080025 bytes, checksum: 5b90340f965ead9cc1a01a613ad6bc41 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-21T11:33:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2003-DIS-MFSRODRIGUES.pdf: 1080025 bytes, checksum: 5b90340f965ead9cc1a01a613ad6bc41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / This dissertation examines the widespread social relations in recent years under the sign of the economic and social solidarity , from a new profile for the organization of social movements . These new arrangements arise as an alternative generated within capitalism in Brazil and worldwide , are organizations of workers and unemployed in large cities that through globalization " in reverse" , try to reverse the logic of production and consumption in neoliberal capitalism and global and locally reinvent everyday from daring, printing new paradigms in addressing social issues . The Conjunto Palmeira , located on the outskirts of Fortaleza , proposes , since 1998 , an alternative that enables improvement in quality of life of its residents . This neighborhood is examined in the current research work through an interpretive approach , which seeks to understand the forms of sociability that reveal or construct these social actors in everyday life , and as a field of research endeavors of Banco Palmas , a bank " created " by the Association of Residents of Conjunto Palmeira . / Esta dissertação analisa as relações sociais disseminadas nos últimos anos sob o signo da solidariedade econômica e social, a partir de um novo perfil de organização dos movimentos sociais. Estes novos arranjos se colocam como uma alternativa gerada dentro do capitalismo no Brasil e no mundo; são organizações de trabalhadores e desempregados das grandes metrópoles que, através de uma globalização “às avessas”, tentam inverter a lógica da produção e do consumo no capitalismo neoliberal e global e, localmente, reinventam o cotidiano a partir da ousadia, imprimindo novos paradigmas no enfrentamento das questões sociais. O Conjunto Palmeira, localizado na periferia de Fortaleza, propõe, desde de 1998, uma alternativa que possibilite a melhoria na qualidade de vida de seus moradores. Esse bairro é analisado no atual trabalho de pesquisa por meio de uma a abordagem interpretativa, que pretende compreender as formas de sociabilidade que se revelam ou se constróem no cotidiano desses atores sociais, tendo como campo de investigação os empreendimentos do Banco Palmas, um banco “criado” pela Associação dos Moradores do Conjunto Palmeira.

Submitted by Mario Mesquita (mbarroso@fiocruz.br) on 2014-10-17T18:21:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Zilma Catarina Libania da Fonseca.pdf: 1514933 bytes, checksum: 004bf7ceaa7070f2198e74d076ceddef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mario Mesquita (mbarroso@fiocruz.br) on 2014-10-17T18:23:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Zilma Catarina Libania da Fonseca.pdf: 1514933 bytes, checksum: 004bf7ceaa7070f2198e74d076ceddef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-17T18:23:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zilma Catarina Libania da Fonseca.pdf: 1514933 bytes, checksum: 004bf7ceaa7070f2198e74d076ceddef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio. Vice Direção de Pesquisa / As tecnologias não são neutras, são construídas socialmente num determinado momento histórico e surgem e se desenvolvem em enredadas relações sociais. Como qualquer construção social, são perpassadas por interesses sociais diferentes, divergentes e, mesmo, antagônicos. Nesse sentido, todas as tecnologias são sociais. É o caso, então, de se perguntar: de que se trata, exatamente, quando se fala em “tecnologia social”? quais são as implicações políticas de um movimento denominado “Movimento da Tecnologia Social”? Neste trabalho, tendo como método de investigação o materialismo histórico-dialético, analisamos as principais expressões da Tecnologia Social no Brasil com o objetivo de discernir os elementos teóricos e ético-políticos que poderiam contribuir ou dificultar as práticas de resistência e luta da classe trabalhadora. Para tanto, mapeamos e discutimos a construção do conceito de tecnologia social, o debate político que se trava nesse campo, a atuação do aparato estatal e sua imbricação com as organizações da sociedade civil. Circulam no campo das tecnologias sociais conceitos diferentes e idéias divergentes, porém não antagônicas, visto que estão sustentadas pelo pressuposto teórico da exclusão social e convergem ao atribuir às tecnologias sociais importante papel na inclusão social. O aprofundamento teórico sobre o binômio exclusão-inclusão social tornou-se o ponto nevrálgico desse estudo. Problematizamos o estatuto teórico e o uso do termo exclusão social, questionamos a abordagem dualista implícita no binômio e abordamos os desdobramentos e os sentidos das pseudo-soluções das políticas inclusivas. Aprofundamos a discussão refletindo sobre a centralidade do trabalho e sobre a constituição do exército de reserva na contemporaneidade. Recusamos o uso do termo exclusão social e seu desdobramento implícito de inclusão social e apontamos o conceito de “expropriações secundárias” como instrumento teoricamente apropriado, capaz de contribuir para a compreensão das tecnologias sociais, enquanto processo político direcionado para a inclusão social, sustentado por uma disponibilização cada vez maior da força de trabalho. / Technologies are not neutral, since they are socially built in a given historical moment, emerged and developed from social relations. Like any other social construction, technologies are pervaded by different, diverging and even conflicting social interests. In this sense, all technologies are socially defined. Therefore, it raises some questions: what exactly means the use of the term “social technology”? What are the political implications of a so called “Social Technology Movement”? From the use of the historical-dialectical materialism as our investigation method, we aim to analyze here in this study the main expressions of Social Technology in Brazil in order to make a clear distinction between the theorical and ethical-political elements that could account for or complicate the working-class practices of resistance and struggle. In order to accomplish this, we mapped out and argued about the Social Technology concept construction, the political debate conducted on this matter, the role of government apparatus and its interlinks with civil society’s organizations. There are different concepts and diverging, but not conflicting, ideas in the field of the social technologies, since they are supported by the theorical assumption of social exclusion and as well, they converge in order to assign the social technologies a relevant role in social inclusion. The theorical deepening that supports the exclusion-inclusion binomium has become the sore point of this study. We have discussed the theorical status and the use of the term “social exclusion”; we have argued the dualistic approach implied by the binomium; and we also have tackled the inclusive politics pseudo-solutions ramifications and meanings. We have deepened into the debate reflecting over the central role of work and the contemporary constitution of the army reserve. We have refused the use of the term “social exclusion” and its implied ramification as a social inclusion matter. We have pointed out the “secondary expropriations” concept as a proper theorical instrument, capable of contributing for the understanding of social technologies as a set of social inclusion-oriented political processes, supported by an ever-increasing workforce supply.

The topic of this diploma thesis is Alternative lifestyle as a form of content human existence. This thesis is focused on specification of subculture and I defined the subculture of homeless people, which as I assumed and also as my own research data showed, can demonstrate the content form of human existence. The theoretical part of this thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter constitutes a theoretical scope of this thesis where I put emphasis on social norms and theory of social deviation, which are crucial for homeless people who are demonstrating alternative lifestyle which is significantly different from the lifestyle of mainstream conformist society. Second chapter describes characteristics of homelessness. The third chapter includes procedure of help to homeless people in their life situation. There are also stated social services for homeless people. The last chapter is focused on the alternative lifestyle. I also deal with the topic of voluntary homelessness. The aim of this diploma thesis is description of aspects of lifestyle of the observed subculture of homeless people. The target group consists of 20 homeless people in age from 18 to 70 years. A method of qualitative approach was applied and a method of analysis of case studies was used for data collection. The main technique of data collection was an interview with directions which I used with 10 homeless people who were in asylum house and with 10 homeless people who were present directly at the public areas. In the context of this thesis five research questions were determined. The primary data was coded/indexed and then processed with the framework analysis according to Ritchie and Spencer. The outcomes of the research showed that the most frequent reason for the origin of homelessness is alcohol addiction. Most frequently it is related to single or divorced man and women. The daily regime of homeless people is from a greater half regular. Among the most frequent daily activities in the asylum house can be mentioned watching television, cleaning common areas of the asylum house, fixed activities and drinking coffee. The outdoor activities mostly constitute of collection of metal, cooking, shopping for food and searching the garbage bins. They usually spend winter nights in facilities of social services (doss house, asylum house), in a tent, in makeshift shanties, or in a squat. Most people spend their days with their friends or partners. People who live in public areas are more willing to make some extra money. There was three times higher experience with begging of the people who live in public areas than people who live in asylum houses. People in asylum houses usually pay for day board meals. People who live outside in public areas procure their food in supermarkets, day centres and doss houses and in garbage bins. For homeless people nicotine addiction is more frequent than alcohol addiction. They perform their personal hygiene in the facilities of social services (day centre, doss house, asylum house). They usually get their clothes from social or asylum clothes supplies. They do not live in relationships with partners however people who live in the public areas have more sexual contacts. More than half of respondents do not think about their future. People who live in asylum houses are more satisfied with their life situation, nevertheless more than half of respondents would like to change their life situation. On basis of the results of this research theoretical concepts were induced.

Everyone brings some dispositions ( factors) into his life, which cannot be swayed. In these factors belong for example skin colour, genetic dispositions or ethnicity. Some of these differences is possiibe to see on the first look and some follow up during the person´s life. It has connection with how we are felt with other people .It is very important how we feel ourselves. On base of some signs we categorize people according to stereotyped used phyziognomic signs. But the identity of the person can be in his conception totally different than it is felt by the other people. Ethnicity is one of the signs which we take in our lifes from the beginning of our existance. Concept of ethnicity correspond with name of race but it´s other meanings follow in the field of culture. Ethnicity is concentrated around same cultur conviction and practice. Forming of the "ethnic groups" consists in sharing of culture signs, which were developed in specific historical, social and political contexts and support the feeling of belonging. The meaning of ethnicity is partly from mythologic origin. Ethnicity is beeing formed on the base of how we express culture identity with the help of the language sings. Therefore is the ethnicity relative and it correlatives with categories of self interpretation and acquire of social status. The dissertation Perception of ethnicity in Low-treshold treatment programe for kids and young people is concentrated on the social workers´s view on social work with ethnicity of users the Low-treshold treatment program. These programes say thet the main group of their users are gypsies. In dissertation I work with the question if the social workers who work with the gypsies are swayed by their ehtnicity. If the social workers have to use some different methods when they work with the gypsies. In the Low-treshold treatment programe work the social workers mostly with children and young people who are social handicapped. Often there are children and young people who only drift aroudn the street. Often there are also children and young people who live in weak social environment and they live in bad areas where they have no opportunity for their personal progress. Quality these children´s life is very low even if we talk about the material aspect or their family background. I concentrate on explaining the word Ethnicity and ethnic minority in the theoretic part. How are the gypsies swayed with their own enthnicity and how do they live in the Czech Republic. Also I talk about the Low-treshold treatment programe for children and young people. Next I write about theories and methods of the social work. I decided for strategy of qualitative research in the empirical part. Here I used the method of questioning, technique of halfstandardized interview. I chose this technique becasuse it is possible to change it and modify during the analysis. Quality dates I recived , I adapted with the help of coding. The social workers in Low-treshold treatment programe made the basic complex for collecting the dates. They have been chosen because of their direct work with the users of the programe. The target of my dissertation was to identify how the user´s ehtnicity sways the work of the social workers. It follows from the resaults that the ethnicity is not important for the social workers. How they said, they feel the user´s ethnicity but in the mutual interaction with users they find some other , more important characteristics. One of the important attribute is the area which the users come from. Next factor is the bahaving of the children. Or the way how are the gypsies behaved. How the social workers said, they feel a little uselessness to change the habits. It followed from the interview that the success of their work is very low. If we talk about some social work specification it is necessary to work with the gypsies according to their social differences. Social workers choose the attitud.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:08:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArquivoTotalLucas.pdf: 6273162 bytes, checksum: 83726ccabfe8f4546ee28b149fe2c5db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / social inclusion of Afro-Brazilian people in poor social groups, participants of soccer schools designed to the formation of athletes in the state of Paraíba. The interest on this theme appeared because of our personal relation with the soccer but also from our academic formation (from the beginning and going on). Through that period, we made several readings and studies that aroused our interest for this theme. This embryonic trajectory disturbed us even more in a point of making us initiate an whole process of estrangement from the reason of the amount of Afro-Brazilian people practicing this sport. As soon, a first question emerged: which reasons take this part of the Brazilian population to persist and insist in soccer, even though, in a contradictory way, living in a context of discrimination, prejudice and racism? From these first incursions we feel touched to analyze how this sport, through the Projeto Atleta Cidadão do Futuro (PACF), contribute to the empowerment of poor and excluded Afro-Brazilian people from Campina Grande-PB, taking them to the social inclusion. As a basis theorist-conceptual, we selected the notions of empowerment and social inclusion, articulated to the Story Viewed From Below, because we understand that the investigated people, submerged in a brutal process of social exclusion and poverty, are, themselves, the only ones capable of telling the story they are part of. Therefore, we list their ways of thinking and acting in front of the activities they do as a way of overcoming the social and economic problems. Coming from a qualitative approach, this research consisted to its bibliographic, documental and on field dimensions. The instruments utilized to obtain the information were the sociodemographic questionary and the semi structured interview applied directly in the research field to the athletes in process of empowerment (those being formed by PACF) and also applied to the empowered ones (The ones already formed by PACF). For that, we started with documents, archives and the talks of teachers, collaborators and, mainly, the athletes, the core people of our research. As a complementary way we did observations, video recordings and pictures from the places and people, as their actions and behavior, helping us in the descriptions and analysis. The results we had through this investigation showed us that the soccer, through PACF, coming of taking off kids and young people from the streets, enabling them to become athletes/citizens, give them the creation of dreams and hope for a better life, making, after all, not only an space of empowerment but also, an space inside the social inclusion to them and their families. / O presente trabalho de tese trata sobre o empoderamento no futebol como um espaço que deve contribuir para a inclusão social de sujeitos afro-brasileiros das camadas pobres, participantes de escolinhas destinadas à formação de atletas no estado da Paraíba. O interesse pelo tema surgiu tanto em função de nossa relação pessoal com o futebol quanto por nossa formação acadêmica (inicial e continuada). Durante esse período, fizemos uma série de leituras e estudos que, mais adiante, despertariam nosso interesse pelo tema. Essa trajetória embrionária nos inquietou ainda mais e desencadeou todo um processo de estranhamento sobre o motivo da significativa presença de afro-brasileiros praticando esse esporte. Assim, surgiu-nos um primeiro questionamento: quais são as razões que levam esse segmento da população brasileira a perseverar no futebol, mesmo, contraditoriamente, vivenciando todo um contexto de discriminação, preconceito e racismo? Com essas incursões preliminares, sentimo-nos instigados a analisar como esse esporte, através do Projeto Atleta Cidadão do Futuro (PACF), contribui para o empoderamento de afro-brasileiros pobres e excluídos de Campina Grande-PB, conduzindo-os à inclusão social. Como base teórico-conceitual, selecionamos as noções de empoderamento e de inclusão social, articuladas à História Vista de Baixo, por entendermos que os sujeitos investigados, mergulhados num brutal processo de exclusão e pobreza, são, eles mesmos, os únicos capazes de contar a história da qual fazem parte. Desse modo, relacionamos esse referencial com a realidade dos entrevistados, destacando suas formas de pensar e de agir diante das atividades que realizam como meio de superação das adversidades sociais e econômicas. De abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa compreendeu as suas dimensões bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Os instrumentos utilizados para a obtenção das informações foram o questionário sociodemográfico e a entrevista semiestruturada, aplicados diretamente no campo da pesquisa, tanto aos atletas em processo de empoderamento (os que estão se formando pelo PACF) quanto os empoderados (os que se formaram pelo PACF). Para tanto, tomamos como base documentos, arquivos, as falas de professores, colaboradores e, principalmente, os depoimentos dos atletas, sujeitos centrais de nossa pesquisa. De forma complementar, fizemos observações, filmagens e fotografias dos espaços e dos sujeitos, suas ações e seus comportamentos, o que nos ajudou nas descrições e nas análises subsequentes. Os resultados obtidos na investigação em tela mostraram que o futebol, através do PACF, ao retirar crianças e jovens das ruas e possibilitar que se tornem atletas/cidadãos, permite que tenham sonhos e esperanças por uma vida melhor. Portanto, não é somente um espaço de empoderamento, mas também de inclusão social para eles e seus familiares.