This experiment investigated the influence of reward property and reward power on creative performance. It was hypothesized that the magnitude of reward power would moderate the relationship between reward property and creativity. Fifty undergraduate students (45 females, 5 males, X age = 20.72 years, SD age = 4 years) participated. The experimental design was reward power ($0.00, $0.50, or $2.00 per trial) x reward property (informational vs. controlling undertones in the script) x trials (5). Results demonstrated a positive correlation between intrinsic motivation and creative performance (r = .411, p = .03, n = 50). Hypotheses concerning the moderating influence of reward power and reward property on creative performance were not supported. However, this experiment replicated past research demonstrating that intrinsic motivation facilitates creativity.

Despite considerable theoretical interest in the social functions of gossip, to date there has been very little empirical research conducted examining the social consequences of gossip. This study will apply an experimental lab manipulation to explore the conditions under which different types and different frequencies of gossip affect certain attitudes—power and liking—towards gossipers. Within the context of a modified dictator game, confederates communicated three types (prosocial, self-relevant, and neutral) and two frequencies (low and high) of gossip to participants. Results were expected to show that high frequency gossipers would be perceived as more powerful than low-frequency gossipers. Perceptions of power were also predicted to differ across the three types of gossip conveyed. Moreover, I hypothesized that self-relevant and prosocial gossipers would be significantly more likable more than neutral gossipers. Lastly, frequency was expected to have different effects on liking depending on whether the gossip transmitted was neutral or not. Results did not confirm any of the main hypotheses. However, this study has established a strong theoretical foundation for examining how others perceive gossipers by helping clarify key social functions of gossip and shed light on reputational ramifications for those who gossip.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 387-403).

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-09-12T20:08:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMGL.pdf: 1331735 bytes, checksum: d89c5c7a512c9941230916fb87f00426 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-09-25T11:53:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMGL.pdf: 1331735 bytes, checksum: d89c5c7a512c9941230916fb87f00426 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-09-25T11:53:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMGL.pdf: 1331735 bytes, checksum: d89c5c7a512c9941230916fb87f00426 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-25T11:57:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMGL.pdf: 1331735 bytes, checksum: d89c5c7a512c9941230916fb87f00426 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Não recebi financiamento / The present work seeks the understanding of how the culture is constituted in the official and unofficial scope of the state of. It focused on the cultural legislations of the state and its dialogical and ideological relationship with the cultures of resistance. Accordingly, Law No. 12,268 of February 20, 2006 (SÃO PAULO, 2006a) and Law No. 15,565, of September 25, 2014 (SÃO PAULO, 2014) were selected and analyzed from a Bakhtin perspective. In this analysis the statements of the legislations were compared with official texts and texts that defend or belong to the culture of resistance. It can be seen from the analysis that the State has no direct official actions and links with this culture. The proposal is the practice of a more democratic legislation that meets the real needs of the communities. Mainly in the defense and use of popular culture. / O presente trabalho busca a compreensão de como a cultura é constituída nos âmbitos oficial e não oficial do estado de São Paulo. Teve como foco as legislações culturais do estado e a sua relação dialógica e ideológica com as culturas de resistência. Desta maneira, as Lei n°12.268, de 20 de fevereiro de 2006 (SÃO PAULO, 2006a) e a Lei n°15.565, de 25 de setembro de 2014 (SÃO PAULO, 2014) foram selecionadas e analisadas na perspectiva Bakhtiniana. Nesta análise os enunciados das legislações foram cotejados com textos oficiais e com textos que defendem ou pertencem à cultura de resistência. Percebe-se com as análises que o Estado não possui ações e ligações oficiais diretas com esta cultura. A proposta é a prática de um legislar mais democrático e que atenda as reais necessidades das comunidades. Principalmente na defesa e uso da cultura popular.

Comment peut-on expliquer que le « stress » devienne une réalité pour les routiers alors qu’ils sont traditionnellement contraints à l’effort physique, et dans quelle mesure est-il sociologiquement organisé ? La gestion de flux en temps réel et la transformation en métier de service amène de nouvelles contraintes dont le stress en est son émanation sociale. Mon enquête se découpe en trois parties. La première vise à présenter le secteur et à montrer les points de tension qui se manifestent à l’échelle économique et macrosociologique. En seconde partie, j’aborde l’histoire du transport routier de marchandises dans son développement pendant les lois de coordination des transports jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Enfin, en troisième je rends compte des observations directes issues des voyages en cabine de conduite et des lieux de socialisation des routiers et je présente enfin une construction idéale-typique du stress en m’appuyant sur le rapport qu’ont les routiers envers les prescriptions et des marges de manoeuvre qu’ils mobilisent. / How can we explain that stress becomes a fact for long-distance truck drivers while they are tradionally forced to physical efforts ? Moreover, to what extend stress is it socialy organized ? Long-distance truck drivers’ work is the object of some complex prescriptions in an open world, in which its transformation from worker to a service job brings new contraints. Among them, stress is gradually imperative. I hope to see how this process enfolds. My investigation stands (out) in three parts. The first one presents the sector of french road freight. My goal is to show some points of tensions in the economic and macrosociological scales. In the second part, I’ll focus on the history of road transport through its development during the French coordination laws until today by following the institutional transformations of regulations and competition in European Union. Then, we shall analyse how stress spreads through our ideal-typical construction.

Esta tese apresenta a formalização, construção e validação experimental de um mecanismo de interação entre agentes baseado em valores de troca. Através do mecanismo de interação, os agentes são capazes de estabelecer, avaliar e regular os balanços de troca de suas interações, com o objetivo de alcançar resultados que eles valorizem, i.e., considerem adequados. Na formalização do mecanismo de interação são considerados diversos aspectos abordados nas Ciências Sociais, na Psicologia e em Teorias Utilitaristas. No mecanismo são observados, igualmente, os aspectos sociais e psicológicos que podem influenciar os resultados das interações entre os agentes. Desse modo, o mecanismo leva em consideração que os agentes podem construir suas estratégias levando em consideração as informações relacionadas com o “poder social” e as “atitudes” de interação. No mecanismo de interação recorre-se aos diálogos de argumentação com a finalidade de permitir que os agentes possam influenciar os seus parceiros em relação ao estabelecimento de acordos sobre os serviços e aos valores de troca envolvidos nas interações. Na validação experimental, o cenário utilizado foi o dos “Robôs Coletores de Lixo em Marte”. Através dos resultados obtidos, pode-se observar que o mecanismo de interação considera os valores de troca no processo de formação da cooperação, auxiliando os agentes na escolha de futuros parceiros. / This thesis presents the formalization, construction and validation of an interaction mechanism based on exchange values. Through the interaction mechanism, the agents are capable to establish, to evaluate and to regulate the balances of exchange of their interactions, with the objective of reaching the results that they consider adequate. In the formalization of the mechanism several aspects of Social Sciences, Psychology and Utilitarian Theories are considered. In the mechanism are observed the social and psychological aspects that can influence the results of the interactions between the agents. In this manner, the mechanism considers that the agents can build their strategies considering the information related to the social power and to interaction attitudes. In the mechanism the argument dialogs are used with the purpose to allow the agents to influence their partners in relation to the establishment of agreements about the services and about the exchange values involved in the interactions. In the validation, the scenario used was the “Garbage Collector Robots in Mars”. Through the obtained results, it was possible to observe that the interaction mechanism considers the values of exchange in the process of formation of the cooperation, helping the agents to choose their future partners.

The analysis of social reasoning is at the core of understanding how to manage social networks. Since interpersonal relations are composed of multiple factors with different nature (i.e., structural and social factors), we explore their influence on the strategizing processes in social networks. The research is based on the consideration of social networks in terms of network games. Therefore, we formalize interpersonal relations using the methods of structural and social analysis combined with game theoretic approach. Specifically, we formalize social power of an agent and use it to quantify payoffs. Based on reasoning over values of power we show how individuals reach stability and Nash equilibrium with their peers in network games.

Esta tese apresenta a formalização, construção e validação experimental de um mecanismo de interação entre agentes baseado em valores de troca. Através do mecanismo de interação, os agentes são capazes de estabelecer, avaliar e regular os balanços de troca de suas interações, com o objetivo de alcançar resultados que eles valorizem, i.e., considerem adequados. Na formalização do mecanismo de interação são considerados diversos aspectos abordados nas Ciências Sociais, na Psicologia e em Teorias Utilitaristas. No mecanismo são observados, igualmente, os aspectos sociais e psicológicos que podem influenciar os resultados das interações entre os agentes. Desse modo, o mecanismo leva em consideração que os agentes podem construir suas estratégias levando em consideração as informações relacionadas com o “poder social” e as “atitudes” de interação. No mecanismo de interação recorre-se aos diálogos de argumentação com a finalidade de permitir que os agentes possam influenciar os seus parceiros em relação ao estabelecimento de acordos sobre os serviços e aos valores de troca envolvidos nas interações. Na validação experimental, o cenário utilizado foi o dos “Robôs Coletores de Lixo em Marte”. Através dos resultados obtidos, pode-se observar que o mecanismo de interação considera os valores de troca no processo de formação da cooperação, auxiliando os agentes na escolha de futuros parceiros. / This thesis presents the formalization, construction and validation of an interaction mechanism based on exchange values. Through the interaction mechanism, the agents are capable to establish, to evaluate and to regulate the balances of exchange of their interactions, with the objective of reaching the results that they consider adequate. In the formalization of the mechanism several aspects of Social Sciences, Psychology and Utilitarian Theories are considered. In the mechanism are observed the social and psychological aspects that can influence the results of the interactions between the agents. In this manner, the mechanism considers that the agents can build their strategies considering the information related to the social power and to interaction attitudes. In the mechanism the argument dialogs are used with the purpose to allow the agents to influence their partners in relation to the establishment of agreements about the services and about the exchange values involved in the interactions. In the validation, the scenario used was the “Garbage Collector Robots in Mars”. Through the obtained results, it was possible to observe that the interaction mechanism considers the values of exchange in the process of formation of the cooperation, helping the agents to choose their future partners.

This research was designed to investigate the potential mediating role of personal power and of trust in the relationship between servant leadership and affective organizational commitment. The research responds to calls for increased understanding of the mechanisms at work between leadership models and outcomes. Especially unique in the available literature is the quantitative study of the relationship between servant leadership and personal power. All of the constructs in the research model are based on existing instruments, including those developed for personal power (PP; Hinkin & Schriesheim, 1989; Raven, Schwarzwald, & Koslowsky, 1998), trust (T; Mayer & Gavin, 2005), servant leadership (SL; Winston & Fields, 2015), and affective organizational commitment (AOC; Allen & Meyer, 1990), and were measured as follower perceptions and attitudes. Social exchange theory was used as the theoretical basis of the proposed model (Blau, 1964; Emerson, 1962). This includes the perspective of social power and trust being characteristic of exchange relationships as opposed to attributes of an individual. Linear regression was performed using IBM® SPSS® (SPSS), and mediation was evaluated using the approach from Baron and Kenny (1986). The hypotheses for the positive relationship between SL and AOC, and for mediation of the SL-AOC relationship by PP were supported. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in confirmation analysis. The hypothesis for T as a mediator in the relationship between SL and AOC was not supported. Further ad hoc analysis suggests SL and PP as serial mediators in the relationship between T and AOC. Implications for academic and practitioner applications are discussed.

There are many global incentives addressing the rising power of corporations and their social responsibility for society’s well-being. Given that no legal mechanism can enforce corporations to conduct socially responsible business, driving forces to implement Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) vary significantly in the business sector. The purpose of this study is to understand how Swedish corporations in Mexico anticipate social responsibility in relation to the Mexican national context, using CSR as a point of reference. The research is based on a comparative case study approach to assess the perception of the chosen cases: Epiroc, Essity and Scania. The theoretical framework merges research about CSR and the social power of business. A qualitative content analysis supplemented with semi-structured interviews are utilized to encompass key denominators for social engagement. The results outline how CSR predominantly is perceived as a mandatory commitment to management of corporate impacts. The results also show that the stakeholder responsiveness in CSR serves as a strategic business purpose. In addition, findings highlight how motives for engaging in CSR are tied to international standards, yet activities conducted under the flag of social concerns often serve to safeguard the corporate image. Moreover, corporate policies are contingent by international standards while practices aligning to the local Mexican perception of CSR as philanthropy, illuminating a dissonance in policy and practice among the Swedish corporations.