Esta dissertação procurou investigar a criação de obra original e de arranjo de canção como modelos de repertório utilizados pelos corais amadores brasileiros, com ênfase especial no meio universitário paulista, a partir de 1960. Um panorama histórico do século XX na música coral produzida no Brasil tornou-se necessário para localizar alguns dos fatores que determinaram a inserção de arranjos da canção popular urbana, ocorrida entre as décadas de 60 e 90, em especial como decorrência da atuação de alguns compositores do grupo Música Nova. Os dados recolhidos apontam os prováveis fatores que determinaram a inserção do arranjo da canção popular urbana (num momento já posterior aos arranjos de folclore) e revelam seus desdobramentos, como por exemplo, o surgimento de uma nova poética de escrita coral, o novo fazer coral, a inclusão da performance cênica, o predomínio do arranjo sobre as obras originais criadas para coro no repertório coral deste mesmo período e as alterações na interpretação e na vocalidade, que se transformaram para se adequar à nova escrita coral proposta pelos arranjadores deste período. Em alguns casos, tornou-se a grande busca artística de importantes grupos vocais brasileiros. Os resultados obtidos destacam a atuação de três arranjadores que iniciaram este processo: Levy Damiano Cozzella, Samuel Kerr e Marcos Leite. Nesta pesquisa serão também apontadas algumas das principais diferenças entre as linhas desenvolvidas por esses arranjadores e as influências que elas tiveram na atividade coral paulista e carioca no período, com desdobramentos que alcançam os dias de hoje. Procuraremos também verificar os fatores que levaram os corais a se afastarem das obras originais criadas para o coro no Brasil neste mesmo período, uma vez que o arranjo da canção popular urbana aos poucos foi se tornando uma busca artística, pedagógica e em alguns casos política, tanto dos regentes como dos coralistas. / This thesis sought to investigate the creation of original works and arrangements as models for the repertoire used by Brazilian amateur choirs, with special emphasis on the Choir of the University of São Paulo, since 1960. A historical overview of twentieth-century choral music produced in Brazil was necessary to identify some of the factors that determined the inclusion of arrangements of popular urban song, in the repertoire occurred throughout the 60s and 90s, particularly as a result of the actions of some composers of the Grupo Música Nova (New Music Group). The collected data show the likely factors that led to the prevalence of arrangements of urban folk songs (at a period that follows the trend of arrangements of folklore materials). They also, show its consequences, such as the emergence of a new poetic of choral writing, the inclusion of theatrical performances, the little interest arose by the original works for choir composed at that same period and finally, the changes in the interpretation and vocal techniques which turned to fit the new choral writing of the period. In some cases, it became the great artistic search of important Brazilian vocal groups. The results of the research show also the fundamental contribution of three arrangers who started this process: Damiano Cozzella Levy, Samuel Kerr and Marcos Leite. This research also points out some key differences between the styles developed by these arrangers and the influence they had on the choral activity in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro at that period. The effects of the models that they propose reach this day. We also examined factors that led most of the choral groups, to ignore the original works created for choir in Brazil at the same period, since the arrangement of popular urban songs gradually became the prevailing artistic research, teaching method and sometimes political, tool by both conductors and singers.

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-04-19T19:08:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE LEONARDO.pdf: 831857 bytes, checksum: 236329472bee71ad6fe0265dc8061fd2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-05-03T19:14:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE LEONARDO.pdf: 831857 bytes, checksum: 236329472bee71ad6fe0265dc8061fd2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T19:14:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE LEONARDO.pdf: 831857 bytes, checksum: 236329472bee71ad6fe0265dc8061fd2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar, sob a tutela da semiótica discursiva, algumas canções caipiras em busca de uma dimensão plástica, que se revela tanto por seu plano de conteúdo quanto por seu plano de expressão. A atenção voltada para a materialidade da canção pode nos levar a descobrir os caminhos que ainda estão se construindo na articulação entre categorias plásticas e musicais. Para pensarmos na passagem do audível das canções para uma dimensão da visualidade e da plasticidade, a noção de figuratividade ocupa um lugar central, ao lado da tematização e da narratividade (BERTRAND, 2003). Todavia, o estudo se abre para a interdisciplinaridade, por essa razão, aproveitamos os conceitos de “produção de presença” e o conceito de Stimmung (GUMBRECHT, 2010, 2014) / The main objective of this paper is to analyze, under the tutelage of discursive semiotics, some folk songs in search of a plastic dimension, which is revealed as much for its content as plan for their expression level. The attention focused on the materiality of the song can lead us to discover the ways that are still being built on the relationship between visual and musical categories. To think of the passage of the listening of the songs to a dimension of visuality and plasticity, the notion of figuration occupies a central place, next to the thematization and narrativity (BERTRAND, 2003). However, the study is open to interdisciplinarity, for this reason, we take the concept of "production of presence" and the concept of Stimmung (GUMBRECHT, 2010, 2014)

The presence of at least two prominent streams of church music within the DRC is evident – this is also true of most other Protestant and Reformed churches. There is tension between the ‘old music’ and the ‘new music’; traditional church music and contemporary church music; the official repertoire of church music and the utilized repertoire of songs. Liturgical singing often includes various free songs (songs outside the official hymnal). Songs from various traditions are cut and pasted or copied and merged into liturgy through a process of bricolage. Within bricolage liturgy there is a growing tendency towards bricolage liturgical singing. A brief overview of the history of church music illustrates the complexities regarding church music. The official song of the temple was often complimented by the ecstatic song of individuals. The more formal and official song of the church often stood in contrast to the song and music that were played and sung in houses and elsewhere. Christian believers in different eras expressed themselves in different forms and genres of music. The Bible does not support a blueprint for church music. There is no Biblical church music, mainly because no ‘melodies’ could be preserved (cf. Mowinckel 2004:9). The latter is further complicated by the culture-bound nature of Biblical music and songs. The Biblical data mostly provides snapshots of instances where God’s people utilized music and singing in their interaction with the Almighty and covenantal God. Certain principles and guidelines for church music could be drawn from these, although the danger of fundamentalism, relativism and subjectivism remains. A study of liturgy illustrates the important role of music and singing within the dialogue of the liturgy. Recent studies emphasize that church music could function as a ritual symbol within a specific cultural or sub-cultural community. As such church music is closely related to the culture (or sub-culture) of a given community and can never be evaluated apart from that culture. Within a postmodern culture, church music will be greatly influenced and coloured by the values and attitudes of postmodernism. The latter have major implications for musical styles, genres, repertoires and the sanctification of church music. Within postmodernism the borders between sacred and secular are not so clear, neither between sacred (liturgical) music and secular music. Within Western culture and postmodernism there is a growing need for an inculturated and an inter-culturated song, expressing the smaller narrative(s) of the local congregation in idioms, language, metaphors and styles true to the local culture. Church music is closely related to the spirituality of the local congregation. The dominant type of spirituality will necessarily have a sound influence on the musical genres, accompaniments, styles and repertoire of the local congregation. The growing phenomenon of popular spirituality has definite implications for church music. At least three circles of spiritualities must find expression in the song of the local congregation, namely an ecumenical spirituality, a denominational spirituality and a congregational spirituality. Where the official song (Liedboek van die Kerk) gives expression to the denominational or Reformed spirituality as well as the meta-narrative, the free song often gives expression to the congregational spirituality as well as the smaller narrative. It is argued that the freely chosen song is an important means of expressing the spirituality of the local congregation (culture). In this sense, it does not threaten the official church song but compliments it. These two could stand in a positive and creative tension. Regarding liturgical singing, the DRC is presently moving from a societas through a phase of communitas to a new societas. It is impossible to predict the outcome of this process. As Burger (1995:31) indicates, a communitas-phase releases a lot of new energy that could be of great value to the church. Church music, as folk music and cultural music, will have to be faithful to the culture and spirituality of God’s people living in the twenty first century within a given context. The age-old tradition must continue hand in hand with a new song. Vos (2009:5) summarizes accurately: “However, each generation of believers must interpret the ancient sources and traditions of the Church anew, within the demands of their time, without being unfaithful to the traditions in which a definitive liturgy exists”. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Cette thèse de doctorat a pour objet d'étude la chanson d'auteur italienne de 1958 à l'orée du XXI° siècle. Une période si étendue correspond à la volonté de ne pas enfermer le sujet, ni dans des bornes chronologiques étroites, ni dans une définition close de la chanson d'auteur. Cette étude s'intéresse également aux liens entre la chanson italienne et le contexte sociétal et politique. La 1° partie analyse les principaux phénomènes artistiques justifiant, à la fin des années 50, l'affirmation d'un tournant « d'auteur » dans la chanson italienne, jusque-là figée dans un mélisme hérité de l'opéra, tout en tenant compte des éléments conjoncturels et des hasards de l'Histoire. La 2° partie est vouée à l'étude de la langue, de la poétique et de l'esthétique de cette chanson. Une large part est faite à la question dialectale, démontrant que cette question ne se réduit pas au folklore. La 3° partie étudie la chanson par le prisme de l'Histoire : de façon rétrospective mais aussi comme un reflet des temps en prise directe. La 4° et dernière partie aborde notre contemporanéité et la chanson d'auteur sous des formes nouvelles : rock, nouvelle école cantautoriale, rap.Ce cheminement nous mène à toute une série de pistes de réflexions : la réécriture, l'aspect performatif, la légitimité culturelle d'un genre artistique et, à l'ère d'internet, les nouvelles formes et modalités de réception de l'art mais également la révolution que le web provoque dans la création. La chanson compte une place importante dans la société et dans la culture des XXème et XXIème siècles. Elle a donc besoin d'être envisagée plus que jamais, et peut nous aider à comprendre à quelle époque on vit. / This doctoral thesis explores the Italian art song genre from 1958 until the dawn of the twenty-first century; the broad scope of investigation was chosen so that the subject would not be overly circumscribed either temporally or notionally. The thesis also examines the relationship between the Italian art song and its social and political contexts. The first part, taking into account those influences as well as the effect of the random events of History, analyses the main artistic phenomena at the end of the '50 that led to an "artistic" turning point for the Italian popular song, hitherto locked into an opera derived melismatic mode. The second part investigates the language, the poetics and the aesthetics of the art song genre addressing at length dialect, demonstrating that this question cannot be explained merely in terms of folklore. The third part develops the art song seen through the lens of History, both retrospectively and as a reflexion of the current events of the day. The fourth and last part discusses the new forms of art song that have developed within a contemporary context: rock, the new cantautoriale school and rap. The rewriting, the performance act itself are discussed; the cultural legitimacy of an artistic genre and new forms and ways of experiencing art, as well as revolutionary modes of creation with the advent of the Internet are explored. The song was granted an important place in the society and culture of the second half of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first; today, imbued with the troubles of a new period, it invites our questions and research more than ever to help us understand the age we live in.

The main benefit of my work is in mapping the content of the current accredited Czech music education textbooks for the first stage of primary school, in mapping the occurrence of foreign nations in their content, the representation of the countries and cultures and on the basis of the found, finding a suitable equivalent in Czech culture as one of appropriate ways to link educational content through linking the content of subjects taught. In the second part I deal with the categorization of songs according to their musical character, setting in the environment of the time and searching for the equivalent in Czech music. The thesis concludes with a personal recommendation for enriching musical categories within contemporary Czech music education textbooks for primary school pupils.

Syftet med studien är att få syn på folksångslärares uppfattningar om genrespecifika övningar, om och hur mycket de används, om lärarna ser ett behov av fler sådana övningar och huruvida de tror att dessa övningar har en påverkan på elevers stilistiska utveckling. Tidigare litteratur och forskning berör definitionen av begreppen tradition och sångteknik samt vad som utgör det svenska folkliga sångsättet. Dessutom redogörs för betydelsen av en genrespecifik sångteknik samt avsaknaden av en folksångsmetodik. Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsansats och tar utgångspunkt i det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärande. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har an- vänts som datainsamlingsmetod vilka sedan har transkriberats och analyserats med hjälp av tematisk analys. I resultatet framgår respondenternas syn på det folkliga sångsättet och hur sy- nen på begreppet tradition avspeglar sig i undervisningen. Dessutom framkommer att genre- specifika övningar används och detta främst på detaljnivå. Diskussionen belyser resultatet i relation till tidigare presenterad litteratur där fyra områden diskuteras; Ett uttalat behov skulle leda till förändring, All form av sångteknik tillhör en genre, En uppdaterad lista, När det ”riktiga” är konstruerat. / The purpose of the study is to gain insight into folk song teachers' perceptions of genre-specific exercises, if and how much they are used, if teachers see a need for more such exercises and whether they believe that these exercises have an impact on students' stylistic development. Previous literature and research concern the definition of the concepts of tradition and singing technique as well as what constitutes the Swedish folk way of singing. In addition, the im- portance of a genre-specific singing technique and the lack of a folk singing methodology are explained. The study has a qualitative research approach and is based on the Sociocultural Learning Theory. Semi-structured interviews have been used as a data collection method which have then been transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show the respond- ents' views on the folk singing style and how the views on the concept of tradition are reflected in the teaching. In addition, it appears that genre-specific exercises are used, and this mainly at the level of detail. The discussion highlights the results in relation to previously presented lit- erature where four areas are being discussed; A pronounced need would lead to change, All forms of singing technique belong to a genre, An updated list, When the "right way" is constructed.

No description available.

Syftet med arbetet är att utforska hur jag uppfattar texten och musiken utan några övriga instruktioner och sedan följa processen i att skapa mina egna interpretationer utifrån instruktioner jag lägger till själv. De frågeställningar som används för att undersöka detta är: Vilka tankar och känslor väcker det hos mig när jag studerar in en notbild helt utan instruktioner? Vilka insikter kan jag få om olika sätt att följa de instruktioner som tonsättaren anger genom att ta bort dem helt? Vad fyller tonsättarens instruktioner för funktion för mig som musiker och hur kan jag förhålla mig till dem respektfullt men samtidigt fritt? Metoden som används är att två romanser av Ture Rangström har valts ut och alla instruktioner som har med tempo, karaktär, artikulation och dynamik att göra har suddats ut. Därefter studerar jag in romanserna för att sedan föra in mina egna instruktioner och skapa min egen interpretation. Genom att följa min process genom den loggbok jag fört under tidens gång resonerar jag sedan kring frågeställningarna och gör en kort jämförelse av min egen tolkning och tonsättarens instruktioner i originalnoterna. Detta gör jag för att väcka medvetenhet kring hur jag gör mina konstnärliga val genom det landa i att kunna göra de valen på ett mer självsäkert sätt. Mina resultat pekar på att det som tonsättaren ger oss musiker med sina instruktioner är en utgångspunkt för interpretationen, snarare än en absolut sanning om hur något ska låta. Genom att utföra instruktionerna till punkt och pricka har jag inte framfört en interpretation, den måste jag bidra med själv genom att umgås och arbeta med musiken, analysera den, reflektera över vilka val jag vill göra samt prova mig fram genom min klingande praktik.

This thesis deals with the possibilities of working with the selected writing repertoire in the 3rd-5th year of primary school. The aim is to present a wider range of musical activities with a focus on vocal activities for the five selected songs. The first part of the thesis consists of a theoretical part, in which we characterize the physical, psychological, musical and vocal development of pupils of younger school age. In the following chapters, we set out the criteria for selecting a singing repertoire and analyze selected publications in which we can be inspired in its selection. Based on the selected criteria, we present a sand repertoire compiled according to the course of the school year. For each selected song we present the introductory motivation, suggestions for talking about the song, training vocal exercises, recommended method of its rehearsal, dance rendition and instrumental accompaniment. For these songs, the reader will also find possibilities of inter-subject connection, for example with art education, drama education of homeland science or natural science. Some of the submitted initiatives partly meet cross-cutting topics, namely multicultural and environmental education. From the proposed activities we compiled models of teaching hours with a focus on song rehearsal, through...

In 1944, the Soviet Union deported hundreds of thousands of Crimean Tatars from Crimea, one of whom was the Ukrainian artist Jamala's great-grandmother Nazylchan. Almost a hundred years later, and only two years after Russia's annexation of Crimea, Jamala represents Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with the song "1944". The song is about the great-grandmother's experiences of the deportation of Crimean Tatars and was accused of containing political messages, which becomes relevant as the competition prohibits all kinds of political elements. The contribution was reviewed by the EBU, the European Broadcasting Union, and was not judged to be political. The Eurovision Song Contest is an avowedly non-political competition that was started after the Second World War with the aim of keeping the peace in Europe and giving Europeans something to unite around. The countries participating in the competition nominate artists and songs that represent the country in the international music competition. This study examines how the case of Jamala and the contribution "1944" has been used in and outside the competition by Jamala to create awareness and mobilize support for both Ukraine and Crimean Tatars with the deportation of Crimean Tatars in 1944, the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the invasion of Ukraine in 2022. To examine how Jamala identifies with her family, how she relates to what is political and what is not, as well as how she and other representatives of countries in international cultural events can be understood as political ambassadors, this study can provide some answers to how politics, national identity and representation in that type of context can be understood to be related. / År 1944 deporterade Sovjetunionen hundratusentals krimtatarer från Krim, en av dem var artisten Jamalas gammelfarmor Nazylchan. Nästan hundra år senare och bara två år efter Rysslands annektering av Krim ställer Jamala upp som representant för Ukraina i Eurovision Song Contest 2016 med låten "1944". Låten handlar om gammelfarmoderns upplevelser av deportationen av krimtatarer och anklagas för att innehålla politiska budskap, vilket blir relevant då tävlingen förbjuder alla typer av politiska inslag. Bidraget granskas av EBU, the European Broadcasting Union, och bedöms inte vara politisk. Eurovision Song Contest är en uttalat icke-politisk tävling som startades efter andra världskriget med syfte att behålla freden i Europa och ge européerna något att enas kring. Länderna som medverkar i tävlingen utser artister och låtar som representerar landet i den internationella musiktävlingen. Denna studie undersöker hur fallet Jamala och bidraget "1944" använts i och utanför tävlingen av Jamala för att skapa medvetenhet kring och mobilisera stöd till såväl Ukraina som krimtatarer i och med deportationen av krimtatarer 1944, annekteringen av Krim 2014 samt invasionen av Ukraina 2022. Genom att undersöka hur Jamala identifierar sig med sin familj, hur hon förhåller sig till vad som är politiskt och inte samt hur hon och andra representanter för länder i internationella kulturella evenemang kan förstås som politiska ambassadörer kan denna studie ge några svar på hur politik, nationell identitet och representation i den typen av sammanhang kan förstås höra samman.