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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
321

INXS, um longo RNA não codificador de proteínas mediador da apoptose / INXS, a long noncoding RNA that mediates apoptosis

Carlos de Ocesano Pereira 29 January 2015 (has links)
O splicing alternativo do pré-mRNA de BCL-X produz duas isoformas de mRNAs com funções antagônicas, a pró-apoptótica BCL-XS e a anti-apoptótica BCL-XL, cujo balanço regula a homeostasia celular. Entretanto, o mecanismo que regula esse processamento ainda é desconhecido. Nesse trabalho, nós identificamos e caracterizamos um longo RNA não codificador de proteínas (lncRNA) nomeado INXS, que é transcrito a partir da fita oposta do locus genômico de BCL-X, sendo menos abundante em linhagens celulares tumorais e tecidos tumorais de pacientes quando comparados com os respectivos pares não tumorais. INXS é um RNA unspliced de 1903 nts, é transcrito pela RNA Polimerase II, possui cap 5\', está enriquecido na fração nuclear das células e se liga à proteína Sam68 do complexo modulador de splicing. O tratamento de células tumorais 786-O com cada um de três agentes indutores de apoptose aumentou a expressão endógena do INXS, levando ao aumento expressivo da proporção entre os mRNAs de BCL-XS / BCL-XL, e ativação das caspases 3, 7 e 9. Estes efeitos foram anulados na presença do knockdown do INXS. Da mesma forma, a superexpressão ectópica do INXS causou uma mudança no splicing favorecendo a isoforma BCL-XS e ativação das caspases, aumentando os níveis da proteína BCL-XS e conduzindo as células à apoptose. Utilizando um modelo in vivo, cinco injeções intra-tumorais do INXS durante 15 dias causaram uma regressão acentuada no volume dos xenotumores. Portanto, INXS é um lncRNA que induz a apoptose, sugerindo que essa molécula seja um possível alvo a ser explorado na terapia contra o câncer. / BCL-X mRNA alternative splicing generates pro-apoptotic BCL-XS or anti-apoptotic BCL-XL, whose balance regulates cell homeostasis. However, the mechanism that regulates the splice shifting is incompletely understood. Here, we identified and characterized a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) named INXS, transcribed from the opposite genomic strand of BCL-X, that was less abundant in tumor cell lines and patient tumor tissues compared with non-tumors. INXS is an unspliced 1903 nt-long RNA, is transcribed by RNA Polymerase II, 5\'-capped, nuclear enriched and binds Sam68 splicing-modulator. The treatment of tumor cell line 786-O with each of three apoptosis-inducing agents increased endogenous INXS lncRNA, increased BCL-XS / BCL-XL mRNA ratio, and activated caspases 3, 7 and 9. These effects were abrogated in the presence of INXS knockdown. Similarly, ectopic INXS overexpression caused a shift in splicing towards BCL-XS and activation of caspases, increasing the levels of BCL-XS protein and then leading the cells to apoptosis. In a mouse xenograft model, five intra-tumor injections of INXS along 15 days caused a marked regression in tumor volume. INXS is an lncRNA that induces apoptosis, suggesting that INXS is a possible target to be explored in cancer therapies.
322

Uso de técnicas computacionais no estudo da transcrição e regulação gênica em Homo sapiens e Mus musculus / Use of computational methods to study the transcription and gene regulation in Homo sapiens and Mus musculus

Pedro Alexandre Favoretto Galante 18 January 2008 (has links)
O gene, uma seqüência de nucleotídeos necessária para a síntese de moléculas funcionais, é transcrito e regulado por um conjunto de processos e fatores extremamente complexos. Entender o momento e o tecido em que os genes são expressos, as isoformas funcionais, as regiões controladoras e os fatores envolvidos na regulação da expressão de cada gene é um dos grandes desafios da biologia molecular moderna. Hoje, com a enorme quantidade de informações de seqüências genômicas e de transcriptomas, aliado ao desenvolvimento de métodos computacionais para agrupar e analisar estes dados em larga escala, o estudo dos fenômenos relacionados à transcrição e regulação gênica está passando por uma revolução. Por exemplo, é possível medir, concomitantemente, a expressão gênica de milhares de genes em diferentes tecidos, assim como identificar diversos fenômenos que atuam nestes genes. Neste trabalho nós desenvolvemos e aplicamos métodos computacionais no estudo de quatro temas envolvendo aspectos chave da transcrição e regulação gênica. No primeiro trabalho, nós abordamos a expressão gênica tecido-específica através do estudo dos genes expressos no cérebro e em dez regiões cerebrais de camundongo. No segundo trabalho, nós identificamos seqüências potencialmente envolvidas no controle da transcrição gênica através do estudo de motivos sobre representados na região promotora dos genes de receptores olfativos. No terceiro trabalho, analisamos o transcriptoma humano quanto a presença de eventos de retenção de intron, um tipo de splicing alternativo. No quarto trabalho, nós abordamos a complexidade do transcriptoma e a regulação da expressão gênica através do estudo de pares de genes senso-antisenso em humanos e camundongos. Em todos os trabalhos, obtivemos resultados que nos permitiram tirar conclusões específicas sobre cada fenômeno estudado e nos mostraram a importância de estudá-los através de uma abordagem em larga escala. Adicionalmente, verificamos que os nossos métodos computacionais foram eficientes e adequados para o estudo da transcrição e regulação gênica em Homo sapiens e Mus musculus. / Genes, nucleotide sequences necessary for the synthesis of functional molecules, are transcribed and regulated by extremely complex cellular and molecular processes. To understand when and in which tissues the genes are expressed, their functional isoforms, control regions and the factors involved in gene regulation is one of major challenges of modern molecular biology. Today, the availability of complete genome sequences and transcriptomes, together with the development of new computational methods allows the study of phenomena related to the transcription and gene regulation in a large scale. For example, it is possible to quantify, concomitantly, gene expression of thousands of genes in different tissues and analyze different aspects of their regulation. In this work we developed and applied computational methods to the study of four key aspects of gene transcription and regulation. In the first study, we addressed tissue specific gene expression through the study of genes that are preferentially expressed in the brain and ten different mouse brain regions. In the second study, we identified sequences that are potentially involved in the control of gene transcription through the study of motifs that are over represented in the promoter region of olfactory receptor genes. In the third study, we browsed the human for the presence of intron retention, a type of alternative splicing. In the fourth study, we addressed the transcriptoma complexity and gene expression regulation through the study of pair of sense-antisense genes in human and mouse. In all studies, our results allowed us to make specific conclusions about each phenomenon analyzed which showed us the importance of a large scale approach. In addition, we verified that our computational methods can be efficiently applied to the study of transcription and gene regulation in Homo sapiens and Mus musculus.
323

Differential expression and function of fubl-1 gene isoforms in C. elegans

Pålsson, Joel January 2022 (has links)
Alternative splicing is the process of producing a variety of transcripts from one and the same gene. This adds further possible variability to gene expression and can in theory mean that one protein coding gene can produce multiple proteins with potentially different functions. Therefore, to understand the function of a gene, alternative splicing must be accounted for. However, this is made more complex by the fact that the existence of different messenger RNA isoforms does not necessarily entail different protein isoforms, which in turn means that an analysis of both the transcripts and final protein is necessary. Far Upstream Element Binding Protein 1 Like 1 (FUBL-1, or C12D8.1) is an RNA binding protein in Caenorhabditis elegans which is believed to take part in gene regulation, and which seemingly interacts within an argonaut effector pathway called ERGO-1. The gene has five proposed isoforms for which there are varying amounts of RNA data but only the first isoform, FUBL-1a has proteomics data available. In other words, different messenger RNA isoforms exist but it is unclear which are translated into protein. In this study, I have looked at fubl-1 and its isoforms to gain further understanding of this protein. This entailed both analysing long read RNA sequencing data to identify messenger RNA isoforms as well as a laboratory analysis of the protein to look for protein isoforms. I found evidence for all isoforms existing as messenger RNAs, and fubl-1a was by far the most highly expressed. In my protein analysis, I found indications of different isoforms, but not conclusive evidence.
324

Investigation of the higher order structure of the spliceosomal RNA network / Untersuchungen zur räumlichen Struktur des spleißosomalen RNA-Netzwerks

Dönmez, Gizem 17 January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
325

Estresse celular e atividade de enzimas biomarcadoras em abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera LINEU, 1758 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) expostas ao tiametoxam /

Decio, Pâmela. January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Osmar Malaspina / Resumo: As abelhas Apis mellifera africanizadas são consideradas importantes polinizadores no Brasil, uma vez que muitas culturas de alimentos dependem da polinização promovida por esses insetos. No entanto, com o crescimento da produtividade agrícola houve aumento do uso de agrotóxicos para o controle de pragas, os quais podem atingir também insetos não-alvo. Com a ação dos inseticidas como uma das possíveis causadoras da morte massiva desses polinizadores, pesquisas sobre o impacto dos agrotóxicos em abelhas receberam destaque. Diante do exposto, o presente estudo propôs investigar os efeitos de uma dose subletal de tiametoxam (TMX) (0,0227 ng de ingrediente ativo/μl de alimento), importante inseticida da classe dos neonicotinóides, no cérebro e no intestino de Apis mellifera africanizadas, por meio da avaliação da atividade de biomarcadores enzimáticos de exposição e de estresse oxidativo e pela ocorrência de peroxidação lipídica. O nível de estresse celular também foi investigado pela imunomarcação das proteínas de choque térmico HSP70 e HSP90 em conjunto com a detecção de morte celular pelo ensaio de TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling). Os dados mostraram que, no cérebro, o TMX aumentou a atividade de acetilcolinesterase (AChE) em 1, 3 e 5 dias de exposição, enquanto a carboxilesterase (CaE) diminuiu no primeiro dia e a glutationa s-transferase (GST) aumentou no quinto dia. Por sua vez, as enzimas antioxidantes foram menos atuantes no cérebro, se... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Africanized Apis mellifera bees are considered important pollinators in Brazil, since many food crops depend on the pollination by these insects. However, with the growth of agricultural productivity there has been an increase in the use of insecticides for pest control, which also can reach non-target insects. With the action of insecticides as one of the possible causes of the massive death of these pollinators, the studies of the effects of pesticides on bees were highlighted. Given the context, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of a sub lethal dose of thiamethoxam - TMX (0.0227 ng of active ingredient / μl of food), a insecticide of the class of neonicotinoids, in the brain and intestine of Africanized Apis mellifera, through the evaluation of the activity of enzymatic biomarkers of exposure and of oxidative stress and by the occurrence of lipid peroxidation. The level of cell stress was also investigated by the immunostaining of the HSP70 and HSP90 proteins together with the detection of cell death by the TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay. The data showed that, in the brain, TMX increased acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) at 1, 3 and 5 days of exposure, while carboxylesterase (CaE) decreased on the first day and glutathione s-transferase (GST) increased in the fifth day. On the other hand, antioxidant enzymes were less active in the brain, and only glutathione peroxidase (GPX) showed increased activity on the f... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
326

Levantamento de proteínas candidatas a ativadoras do splicing do éxon 12 do gene FMR1 / Screening for candidate proteins to activate FMR1 exon 12 splicing

Campos, Marcelo Valpeteris de 20 May 2014 (has links)
O gene do Retardo Mental do X Frágil (FMR1) possui 17 éxons e seu transcrito primário pode sofrer splicing alternativo, havendo, entre outros eventos, possibilidade de exclusão ou inclusão do éxon 12. O produto da expressão do FMR1, a proteína do retardo mental do X frágil (FMRP), possui papéis importantes no sistema nervoso central, atuando como repressora da tradução de RNAm em espinhas dendríticas e controlando a síntese de proteínas envolvidas na função sináptica. Entre dois domínios centrais do tipo KH presentes na FMRP, o segundo (KH-2) é responsável pela interação da proteína aos polissomos. O domínio KH-2 é codificado pelos éxons 9 a 13 do FMR1 e possui a alça variável mais longa já observada entre proteínas humanas, que é codificada pelos éxons 11 e 12. A inclusão do éxon 12 no RNAm do FMR1 causa uma extensão em fase dessa alça variável do KH-2 da FMRP. Estas isoformas apresentam expressão significativa em neurônios cortico-cerebrais e cerebelares do rato, no primeiro mês pós-natal. Este trabalho baseia-se em resultados prévios do grupo de pesquisa, em que se identificaram sequências curtas no íntron 12 do FMR1, com potencial para agir como acentuadores de splicing. Baseando-nos na hipótese de que essas sequências constituem elementos transcritos que se ligam a fatores proteicos do núcleo celular, potencialmente reguladores do splicing do pré-RNAm do FMR1, realizamos ensaios de precipitação por afinidade com extratos nucleares de córtex cerebral de rato e transcritos do loco, biotinilados. Análises por espectrometria de massas revelaram enriquecimento de proteínas nucleares, contendo domínios de ligação a RNA, principalmente aquelas relacionadas à regulação e processamento de pré-RNAm, sobretudo o splicing / Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 gene (FMR1) comprises 17 exons. Its primary transcript is subject to alternative splicing, allowing for the possibility of exon 12 inclusion or skipping, among other events. The product of FMR1 gene expression, fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), has important roles in the central nervous system, acting as a translational repressor in dendritic spines, thus controlling the synthesis of proteins involved in synaptic function. FMRP has two central KH domains. One of them (KH-2) is responsible for its interaction with polysomes. The KH-2 domain is encoded by FMR1 exons 9 to 13. It contains the longest variable loop ever observed among human KH-containing proteins, which is encoded by FMR1 exons 11 and 12. Exon-12 inclusion in FMR1 mRNA causes an in-frame extension of FMRP KH-2 domain variable loop. These isoforms appear significantly expressed in cortico-cerebral and cerebellar neurons of the rat in the first month after birth. We have previously identified short sequences within FMR1 intron 12 that may potentially act as splicing enhancers. Our study is based on the hypothesis that those sequences when transcribed should bind to nuclear protein factors that may function as FMR1 exon 12 pre-mRNA splicing regulators. To initiate an experimental approach to test that hypothesis, we conducted affinity precipitation assays with rat cerebral cortex nuclear extracts and biotinylated transcripts. Mass spectrometry analyses disclosed proteins that have been described to be enriched in the cell nucleus, contain RNA-binding domains, and be functionally related to pre-mRNA processing, notably splicing
327

Caracterização funcional da proteína Cwc24p de Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Functional characterization of Cwc24p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Goldfeder, Mauricio Barbugiani 22 September 2008 (has links)
Em eucariotos, a formação das subunidades ribossomais envolve múltiplos fatores, responsáveis pelas etapas de maturação dos rRNAs e por sua associação a proteínas ribossomais. A via de processamento de pré-rRNA é bastante complexa e inclui várias etapas de modificação de nucleotídeos e clivagens endo- e exonucleolíticas. As modificações de nucleotídeos são dirigidas por snoRNPs, formados por snoRNAs e proteínas, que são divididos em duas classes gerais, de box H/ACA (pseudouridilação) e de box C/D (metilação). Dentre os snoRNP de box C/D está o U3, que embora apresente as seqüências características e se associe a proteínas desse grupo de snoRNPs, não dirige metilações no rRNA, mas sim as clivagens iniciais no pré-rRNA 35S. O snoRNA U3 de Saccharomyces cerevisiae é codificado por dois genes que contêm introns, snR17A e snR17B. Embora a via de montagem do snoRNP U3 ainda não tenha sido determinada com precisão, sabe-se que algumas proteínas do core de box C/D ligam-se ao pré-snoRNA U3 co-transcricionalmente, afetando o splicing e o processamento da extremidade 3´ deste snoRNA. A proteína Cwc24p, cuja caracterização funcional foi o objetivo deste trabalho, foi isolada em nosso laboratório interagindo com Nop17p, um fator de montagem dos snoRNPs de box C/D. Cwc24p possui um domínio RING conservado e foi isolada previamente em um complexo contendo o fator de splicing Cef1p. Os resultados aqui obtidos mostram que, de maneira condizente com os dados de interação, Cwc24p é uma proteína nuclear e sua depleção leva ao acúmulo do pré-snoRNA U3, o que acarreta uma diminuição da velocidade de processamento do pré-rRNA 35S. O modelo aqui proposto prevê o recrutamento de Cwc24p para o pré-snoRNA U3 por Nop17p, onde atua como um fator de eficiência do splicing. Estes resultados levaram à conclusão de que Cwc24p está envolvida no splicing do pré-snoRNA U3, afetando indiretamente o processamento do pré-rRNA. / In eukaryotes, the ribosome biogenesis involves a large number of factors, that are responsible for the rRNAs maturation and for their association with ribosomal proteins. The pre-rRNA processing pathway is very complex and includes many steps of nucleotide modifications and endo- and exonucleolytic cleavage reactions. The nucleotide modifications are directed by snoRNPs that are formed by snoRNAs and proteins, divided in two major groups, of box H/ACA (which direct pseudouridilation), or of box C/D (methylation). Although the snoRNP U3 presents the snoRNA sequences and the proteins characteristics of box C/D class, it is not involved in methylation, but rather in the early cleavages of pre-rRNA 35S. U3 snoRNA is transcribed from two intron-containing genes in yeast, snR17A and snR17B. Although the assembly of the U3 snoRNP has not been precisely determined, at least some of the core box C/D proteins are known to bind pre-U3 cotranscriptionally, thereby affecting splicing and 3\'-end processing of this snoRNA. We identified the interaction between the box C/D assembly factor Nop17p and Cwc24p, a novel yeast RING-finger protein which had been previously isolated in a complex with the splicing factor Cef1p. Here we show that, consistently with the protein interaction data, Cwc24p localizes to the cell nucleus, and its depletion leads to the accumulation of both U3 pre-snoRNAs. U3 snoRNA is involved in the early cleavages of 35S pre-rRNA, and the defective splicing of pre-U3 detected in cells depleted of Cwc24p causes the accumulation of the 35S precursor rRNA. These results led us to the conclusion that Cwc24p is involved in pre-U3 snoRNA splicing, indirectly affecting pre-rRNA processing.
328

Identifizierung und Charakterisierung einer alternativ gespleißten mRNA der Interleukin-4 Rezeptor alpha-Kette und Untersuchung der biologischen Funktion der verkürzten Rezeptorvariante

Möricke, Anja 15 April 2002 (has links)
Alternatives mRNA-Splicing ist ein häufig beobachtetes Phänomen, das es der Zelle ermöglicht, unterschiedliche Proteine aus einem Gen zu generieren. In den letzten Jahren wurden immer mehr alternativ gespleißte Transkripte entdeckt, und einigen der daraus resultierenden Protein-Isoformen konnten geänderte biologische Funktionen zugeordnet werden. In dieser Arbeit ist erstmals ein alternativ gespleißtes Transkript der Interleukin-4 Rezeptor alpha (IL-4R-alpha) Kette beschrieben. Dieser mRNA Splice-Variante, genannt IL-4R-alpha-IT, fehlt im membranproximalen Bereich der zytoplasmatischen Domäne ein komplettes Exon. Dies führt zur Verschiebung des Leserasters und so zur Entstehung eines vorzeiten Stop-Codons. Der resultierenden Protein-Isoform fehlt der größte Teil der intrazellulären Kette mit den dort enthaltenen, für die Signaltransduktion essentiellen Domänen. Die Untersuchung der biologischen Funktion der Rezeptor-Varianten in einem geeigneten Zellsystem der Maus zeigte, daß die Splice-Variante IL-4R-alpha-IT keine Proliferation der Zellen vermitteln und auch den Übergang der Zellen in die Apoptose nicht verhindern kann. Bei der Quantifizierung der Expression von IL-4R-alpha-IT-mRNA in Relation zum IL-4R-alpha voller Länge mit einer kompetitiven RT-PCR an Knochenmark und peripheren Blutlymphozyten von Kindern mit ALL zeigte sich zunächst ein irreführender Unterschied zwischen Proben von Kindern mit ALL-Ersterkrankung und Rezidiv. Weitere Untersuchungen ergaben jedoch, daß der Zeitraum zwischen Abnahme und Aufarbeitung des Untersuchungsmaterials für diesen scheinbaren Zusammenhang verantwortlich war. Während direkt nach Abnahme aufgearbeitetes Untersuchungsmaterial eine nur niedrige relative Expression der Splice-Variante zeigte, nahm diese bei verzögerter Aufarbeitung drastisch zu. Diese Beobachtung wurde experimentell an Proben gesunder Probanden wiederholt bestätigt. Interessanterweise konnte derselbe Effekt in unterschiedlicher Ausprägung auch bei Splice-Variante anderer Zytokine und -Rezeptoren wie IL-7, IL-7R und beta-C beobachtet werden. mRNA-Stabilitäts-Assays und die Bestimmung der einzelnen Transkripte mit einer semiquantitativen RT-PCR zeigten, daß es tatsächlich zu einer absoluten Hochregulation der IL-4R-alpha-IT-mRNA in den verzögerte aufgearbeiteten Proben kommt. Wurden die Zellen wieder in Kultur genommen, war dies innerhalb weniger Stunden reversibel. Desweiteren scheinen auch unterschiedlichen mRNA-Stabilitäten eine Rolle zu spielen. / Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a widespread mechanism contributing to the diversity of gene expression. The number of newly detected alternatively spliced transcripts has continuously risen, and distinct biological functions have been attributed to some protein isoforms resulting from these mRNA variants. We report on the detection of a novel alternatively spliced transcript of the human interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4R-alpha) chain, which has been called IL-4R-alpha-IT mRNA. A premature stop codon due to omission of one exon in the membrane-proximal region of the cytoplasmic domain leads to an mRNA variant, which encodes an intracellular truncated receptor protein lacking domains which are essential for signal transduction. The investigation of the biological function of the IL-4Ra splice variants in a suitable mouse cell system showed, that the truncated receptor variant is not able to mediate cell proliferation or prevention of apoptosis. Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were analyzed for the expression of IL-4R-alpha-IT mRNA relative to the full-length receptor transcript by competitive RT-PCR. Initially, there was found a difference of IL-4R-alpha-IT mRNA expression in patients with initial ALL versus relapsed ALL. However, this difference turned out to be due to the time interval between collection and preparation of samples. While freshly isolated material was associated with low levels of IL-4R-alpha-IT mRNA, samples with a longer period until cell preparation exhibited a drastic increase of IL-4R-alpha-IT mRNA levels. The same results were obtained for peripheral blood samples from healthy donors by imitating a prolonged time of transport until cell preparation. Interestingly, a similar effect could be demonstrated for splice variants of other cytokine receptors and cytokines (beta-C, IL-7R, and IL-7), although to different extents. mRNA stability assays and semiquantitative RT-PCR specific for IL-4Ra or IL-4R-alpha-IT, respectively, indicated that the expression of IL-4R-alpha-IT mRNA increases absolutely in these samples, although mRNA degradation may be of importance as well.
329

Efeito do interferon-gamma sobre defeitos de \"splicing\" que levam à doença granulomatosa crônica ligada ao cromossomo X. / Interferon-gamma effect on splicing defects that cause chronic granulomatous disease linked to X chromosome.

Frazão, Josias Brito 06 April 2009 (has links)
Os fagócitos contêm uma nicotinamida adenina dinucleotídeo fosfato (NADPH) oxidase associada à membrana, que gera superóxido e outros reativos intermediários do oxigênio. Defeitos nesta oxidase em seres humanos resultam na doença granulomatosa crônica (DGC). Mutações próximas aos sítios de splicing que interferem com o processamento do RNA mensageiro, acarretando deleção de um ou mais exons, são cada vez mais freqüentes na literatura científica, nesses casos, os mecanismos moleculares que levam a DGC nem sempre são totalmente esclarecidos, assim como o efeito do IFN-g, seja sobre o processamento da mensagem ou estabilidade dos transcritos. Com base nessas informações o objetivo geral deste trabalho é investigar o efeito do IFN-g sobre a regulação do sistema NADPH oxidase fagocítico humano. Através dos resultados obtidos, não se pode constatar melhora na produção de ânions superóxido após o tratamento com IFN-g em pacientes com defeito de splicing, no entanto detectou-se aumento da expressão do gene CYBB através de PCR convencional e através de real-time PCR além de um aumento na marcação de proteínas do spliceossoma através do FAN. / Phagocytes have a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH) associated to plasmatic membrane that generates superoxide and other oxygen reactive intermediates. Defects on this oxidase in humans result in a disorder called Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). Mutations next to splicing sites that interfere with the mRNA processing leading to deletion of one or more exons, are even more frequent on scientific literature, in these cases, the molecular mechanisms causing CGD are not always completetly clear, as well as the effect of IFN-g on the mRNA processing or on the stability of transcripts. Based on this information our aim is to investigate the effect of IFN-g on the regulation of the human NADPH oxidase phagocyte system.. With the obtained results it wasnt possible to see an increase in anion superoxide production after the IFN-g treatment in patients with splicing defects, however it was detected an increase on the expression of CYBB gene by conventional and real-time PCR besides an increase in the marking of spliceossomal proteins by FAN.
330

Efeito do IFN-k e TNF-α sobre a expressão gênica de CYBB e processamento de seus transcritos. / The effect of IFN-g and TNF-α on CYBB gene expression and its transcripts processing.

Frazão, Josias Brito 19 March 2014 (has links)
O sistema NADPH oxidase humano é responsável pela geração de reativos intermediários do oxigênio e defeitos neste sistema resultam na Doença Granulomatosa Crônica (DGC). Nesta tese de doutorado, investigamos o efeito do IFN-g sobre eventos pós-transcricionais em pacientes com DGC ligada ao X, ocasionada por defeitos de splicing. Os dados obtidos sugerem que o uso do IFN-g in vitro interfere no processamento da mensagem causando aumento da expressão de transcritos do gene CYBB e NCF1 em células B-EBV de indivíduos sadios e pacientes DGC analisados. Observamos também que o IFN-g dimunui a expressão dos genes THOC4 NONO, SF3A1, SRRM1 e UPF3A e promove aumento de expressão de SRSF10, SNRPA1 e C2 em células B-EBV de paciente X-DGC secundária a defeitos de splicing. Identificamos que o IFN-g e o TNF-α aumentam a expressão das proteínas envolvidas no processo do splicing. Concluímos que o IFN-g aumenta a expressão de genes importantes para uma resposta eficiente do sistema imunológico, incluindo os do sistema NADPH oxidase, além de promover aumento da expressão de genes e de proteínas relacionados ao processo de splicing, que podem estar relacionados aos efeitos benéficos observados no uso do IFN-g em pacientes com DGC ligada ao X, ocasionada por defeitos de splicing. / The human phagocyte NADPH oxidase is responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates and defects in this system result in Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). In this PhD Thesis, we investigated the effect of IFN-g on post-transcriptional events in normal individuals and patients with X-linked CGD, caused by splicing defects. The obtained data suggests that the use of IFN-g in vitro interferes in the message processing causing an increase of expression of CYBB and NCF1 gene transcripts in B-EBV cells of healthy individuals and analyzed CGD patients. We also observed that IFN-g decreases the expression of THOC4, NONO, SF3A1, SRRM1 and UPF3A, and increases the expression of SRSF10, SNRPA1 and C2 genes in cells from X-CGD patients, due to splicing defects. We identified that IFN-g and TNF-α induce expression of proteins involved in the splicing process. We conclude that IFN-g increases the expression of important genes for an effective immune response, including the NADPH oxidase system genes, and promotes augment of gene and protein expression related to the splicing process, which may be related to the beneficial effects related to the use of IFN-g in CGD patient caused by splicing defects.

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