Studien syftar till att få en insyn i hur två grundskolor i västra Sverige väljer att hantera ämnet musik. För att undersöka detta har fyra kvalitativa intervjuer med en musiklärare och en rektor på vardera skola genomförts. Studien utgår från teorier som handlar om de kulturella förändringarna i skolan och hur skolan styrs politiskt. I resultatet visas lärarnas och rektorernas syn på hur musikämnet kan legitimeras; hur de tycker att ämnets status är på skolan och hur de organisatoriska och ekonomiska villkoren ser ut för ämnet. Musikämnet legitimeras bland annat utifrån dess betydande roll för hela skolans sammanhållning och att ämnet kan ha en terapeutisk funktion och stärka elevernas självkänsla. Dessutom påpekas att musikämnet kompletterar andra skolämnen, vilket kan komma att tydliggöras ännu mer i och med den nya kurs-planens krav på ämnesintegrering. Undersökningen visar även att musikundervis-ningen och dess status har förändrats under åren. Bland annat har teknikens utveck-ling gjort att musikämnets förutsättningar förändrats, vilket medför att ny utrustning krävs. Detta innebär att omprioriteringar måste ske med tanke på skolornas budget. / The study aims to gain an insight into how two nine-year compulsory schools in western Sweden choose to handle the music education. To examine this, four qualitative interviews with a music teacher and a principal at each school were completed. The study is based on theories that deal with the cultural changes in the school and how the school is governed politically. The result shows the teachers' and principals' views on how music education can be legitimized; their views on the status of the subject in the school, and how they handle the organizational and economic conditions for the subject. The subject is partly legitimized by its significant role in the coherency of the school and that it may have a therapeutic function to strengthens students' self-esteem. It also points out that the music subject complements other school subjects, which may be even more clarified by the new curriculum require-ments for subject integration. The study shows that music education and its status have changed over the years. Among other things, the development of technology means that the conditions for the music education have changed, which means that new equipment is required. This also means that changes of priorities must be done according to the schools' budget.

The aim of this essay is to examine how educated immigrants from former Yugoslavia are experiencing the Swedish labor market and if they feel that there are factors that complicate their ability to establish themselves in the Swedish labor market. We have also examined whether and if so, how their status has changed in connotation with the move to Sweden. The method we have used is a qualitative interview study where we asked questions from a semi-structured interview guide. We chose to make use of both previous research and a number of analytical tools for using these to interpret inequality and discrimination that exist in the Swedish labor against educated immigrants. The results presented four factors that our respondents perceive contribute to difficulty in establishing themselves in the Swedish labor market, these are: contacts, name, validation and trainee post. The results presented are also respondents' disappointment about the hospitality of the Swedish labor market and their status in the new society. Some respondents believe that their status has changed since those in the current locations are not considered to be intelligent and highly educated individuals. / Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur invandrade akademiker från forna Jugoslavien upplever den svenska arbetsmarknaden, och om de upplever att det finns faktorer som försvårar deras möjligheter att etablera sig på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Vi vill dessutom undersöka om och i så fall hur deras status har förändrats i samband med flytten till Sverige. Den metod vi har använt oss av är en kvalitativ intervjustudie där vi ställt frågor utifrån en halvstrukturerad intervjumanual. Vi valde att använda oss av både tidigare forskning och ett antal teoretiska analysverktyg för att med hjälp av dessa tolka ojämlikheten och diskrimineringen som förekommer på den svenska arbetsmarknaden gentemot invandrade akademiker. I resultatet presenteras fyra faktorer som våra respondenter upplever bidra till svårigheter att etablera sig på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Dessa är sociala kontakter, namnet, validering av utbildningen och praktikplatsen. I resultatet framförs även respondenternas besvikelse kring bemötandet på den svenska arbetsmarknaden och statusen i det nya samhället. En del respondenter menar att deras status har förändrats då de på sina nuvarande arbetsplatser inte betraktas som intelligenta och högutbildade individer.

The development of the global luxury market, nearly showing a decade growth of high degree, primarily refering the consumers of luxury market.It expanded not only high status but also general status and it¡¦s different from our past cognitive. Consumption is not a bad thing, but recently consumers change their shopping motives and want to show their status and obtain the identity of others by pursuiting the consumption patterns of higher classu, it will cause the disequilibrium between consumption and status. Therefore, this study explores the relationship between the socialization of status consumption and luxury attitude, and then extended to understand the impact of various media in the consumer socialization process, to identify the major cause of the disequilibrium. This object of the study expandes to the general consumers, it refers to widely understand the consumers actual cognition¡Bemotions and behavior whether he bought luxury goods or not. And exploring the relationship of luxury attitude and status consumption,in which you can understand the role of government in the consumer market and effect. After the questionnaire analysis, we found it is positive relationship between the luxury attitude and the status consumption,and it also has significant relationship between the attitude the consumer socialization process of media¡Gage¡Bthe school pattern in high school ¡B the cognition of government policy and luxury attitude. In conclusion, the luxury¡§cognition¡¨ and¡§emotion¡¨"are major causes to influence status consumption,it said the consumer to do the consupmtion behavior is depending the inherent performance.If consumers do not face their own wrong consumption mode, the overall social climate of the country will not upgrade.

<p><font size="4" face="TrebuchetMS,BoldItalic"><font size="4" face="TrebuchetMS,BoldItalic"> <p>The study used a qualitative approach. Fourteen (14) in-depth interviews were conducted with English and Luganda speaking adult male and female clients on antiretroviral treatment (ART), in TASO Mulago. A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with 8 purposively selected ART clients who were considered to be &lsquo / expert&rsquo / clients in TASO Mulago. These participants were expert clients/ peer educators, who were open about their HIV status and have been involved in HIV/AIDS education and advocacy. The individual interviews and the focus group discussion were transcribed verbatim, and subjected to thematic and content analysis. Male and female participants who were married (primary relationship) disclosed their sero-status to their sexual partners, while few of those cohabiting or in steady relationship (only one) disclosed to their partners. Enabling factors to disclose to current sexual partners included: desire for partner to get treatment, need for the partner&rsquo / s support, having prior knowledge of partner&rsquo / s HIV status, out of anger, and having anxiety about the future. Some of the barriers to disclosure included: fear of blame and disappointing the partner, fear of abandonment, fear of stigma and discrimination. Participants suggested that couple counselling and testing, economic independence, peer support and involvement of the TASO staff in disclosure should be considered to facilitate or promote disclosure to sexual partners.</p> </font></font></p>

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1975.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1975.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Also available in print.

Structured summary Introduction: Mental health is of great importance in our life for every one of us. Whether it be in the period of adolescence, studying at college or acting as a pharmacist. It is therefore necessary that we try to fix it or restore the mental balance if it is disturbed. Nowadays, the number of students who suffer from certain mental disorders is growing, it is needed that we do not underestimate the influence of psychological aspects and mental balance. Aim: The aim of this work is to find out how the students of the second year in the field of pharmacy with mental health are aware of psychopathological disorders (depression, anxiety, aggressive behaviour or somatization) what is their life satisfaction and how good their life seems to them. The partial aim was to determine whether the results vary according to gender, who they live with, where they live, whether they have a health problem that effects their lives and whether they are believers or not. Method: In our case we chose the online questionnaire method that assessed the presence of mental disorder (SCL-90) life satisfaction (SWLS) and quality of life (SOS- 10). Questionaires were filled in by students during the subject of Health Psychology in 2012. Subsequently, the data was statistically evaluated using Microsoft Office 365...

Introdução: A partir da segunda metade da década de noventa, a oferta de tratamento com a Terapia Antiretroviral de Alta Potência contribuiu para a redução da mortalidade de pessoas vivendo com aids nos locais com acesso universal a medicação. Porém, a introdução de procedimentos efetivos tem sido apontada como associada a desigualdades em saúde, quando fatores sociais dificultam o acesso e a aderência ao tratamento. Objetivo: Descrever a evolução temporal da mortalidade nos bairros de Campinas, verificando se houve declínio após a disponibilização da terapêutica antirretroviral de alta potência em 1997 e se este declínio foi homogêneo entre três agregados de áreas da cidade, ou se foi de algum modo associada com a condição socioeconômica das mesmas. Métodos: Foram avaliadas as taxas de mortalidade por aids em bairros de Campinas, São Paulo, de 1996 a 2012, a fim de testar sua associação com o status socioeconômico da área de residência após o início da oferta universal e sem custo de Terapia Antiretroviral de Alta Potência. Foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade anuais por aids, ajustadas por sexo e faixa etária, com base em informações oficiais de população e mortalidade. Foi estimada a tendência de declínio da mortalidade por aids, usando o procedimento de auto-regressão de Prais- Winsten para séries temporais. A taxa de declínio anual nos três agregados de bairros da cidade foi comparada segundo índices socioeconômicos estimados para o Índice de Condições de Vida. Resultados: A mortalidade por aids ajustada por sexo e idade em Campinas caiu de 13,6 óbitos/100.000 habitantes em 1996 para 4,6 óbitos /100.000 habitantes em 2012. O decréscimo anual foi de 5,5 por cento (Intervalo de Confiança 95 por cento 3,3 por cento -7,5 por cento ). Não foram observadas diferenças significantes de mortalidade (magnitude e taxa de redução) entre as áreas de moradia. Na faixa etária de adultos (20 a 49 anos), houve menor queda da mortalidade no sexo feminino, principalmente na área de pior status socioeconômico. Conclusões: O programa de tratamento para as pessoas com aids foi efetivo para a redução global da mortalidade devida à doença na cidade de Campinas. A redução de mortalidade foi homogênea entre as áreas, o que é compatível com a hipótese de redução das desigualdades em saúde. Porém, a menor redução na mortalidade de mulheres, na faixa etária de adultos, principalmente na região de pior condição socioeconômica, aponta a persistência de desigualdades sociais em saúde. / Introduction: Since the second half of the 1990s, the provision of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) contributed to the reduction in mortality of people living with AIDS in places with universal access to medication. However, the introduction of effective interventions has been identified as associated with health inequalities, when social factors hinder the access and adherence to treatment. Objective: to describe trends of mortality in the districts of Campinas, checking if there was decline after the release of the HAART in 1997 and if this decline was homogeneous among the three aggregate areas of the city, or was somehow associated with their socioeconomic status. Methods: We assessed AIDS mortality in neighborhoods of Campinas, São Paulo, from 1996 to 2012 in order to compare differences among areas of residence after the introduction of universal, free-of-cost provision of HAART. We estimated annual death rates by AIDS, as adjusted for sex and age, based on official information from population and mortality. The annual percent change of AIDS mortality was calculated using the procedure of Prais-Winsten for auto-regression of time series. We assessed differences of the annual percent change between the three clusters of neighborhoods; their socioeconomic status was informed by a socioeconomic index assessed by local health authorities. Results: The adjusted death rate by AIDS in Campinas reduced from 13.6 deaths/100,000 inhabitants in 1996 to 4.6 deaths/100,000 inhabitants in 2012. The annual percent change was 5.5 per cent (95 per cent Confidence Interval 3.3 per cent -7.5 per cent ). No significant differences of mortality (magnitude and annual percent change) among the living areas was observed. In the age group of adults (20-49 years old), a lower decrease of mortality in women was observed, especially in the area of lower socioeconomic status. Conclusions: The program of treatment for people with AIDS was effective in the city of Campinas, as refers to the overall reduction of mortality due to the disease. This reduction was homogeneous among the areas, which is consistent with the hypothesis of a reduction of inequalities in health. However, the lower reduction in mortality in women in the age group of adults, especially in the region of lower socioeconomic status, indicates the persistence of social inequalities in health.

O arrivismo social, tema largamente abordado na literatura do século XIX, tem uma de suas grandes representações em na personagem Julien Sorel do romance Le rouge et le noir (1830) de Stendhal. Sorel é uma personagem verdadeiramente engendrada pelos acontecimentos históricos e sociais da época em que o romance foi escrito. Beneficiando-se de seu conhecimento dolatim e da Bíblia, vai aos poucos conquistando posições vantajosas nas casas em que é acolhido como preceptor e secretário. Escrito quase meio século depois de Le rouge et le noir, A mão e a luva (1874), do brasileiro Machado de Assis se passa no Rio de Janeiro do Segundo Reinado. Diferentemente de Stendhal, Machado de Assis não constrói a trama da heroína Guiomar a partir de fatos históricos específicos. Entretanto, a obra brasileira propicia ao leitor uma aguçada percepção dos costumes vigentes no Segundo Reinado, em mais de uma esfera social. Do nascimento humilde à vida adulta confortável, a trajetória de Guiomar traz à tona nuanças de uma sociedade em transformação. Esse estudo tem por objetivo observar a construção e o desenvolvimento dos protagonistas Julien Sorel e Guiomar em seus respectivos contextos literários, a fim de estabelecer, entre as narrativas, possíveis conexões. Não obstante, ao longo do trabalho, para além das semelhanças, tais como capacidade de adaptação e ambição, pôde-se perceber diferenças substanciais entre Julien e Guiomar: enquanto aquele destaca-se por não se adequar à norma social estabelecida, esta encaixa-se perfeitamente na sociedade em que vive, dominando amplamente suas regras. É o que tentaremos demonstrar e o que faz o objeto dessa dissertação. / The theme of social ambition, widely explored in 19th century literature, finds in the character Julien Sorel of Stendhals 1830 novel The Red and the Black one of its greatest representations. Sorel is truly engendered by the historical and social events of the novels period. By taking advantage of his knowledge of Latin and the Bible, he gradually gains a privileged position in those houses where he comes to work as a tutor and secretary. Written almost half a century after The Red and the Black, The Hand and the Glove (1874), by Brazilian writer Machado de Assis, takes place in Rio de Janeiro during the 1850s. Unlike Stendhal, Machado does not build his heroine Guiomars plot from specific historical events. Yet the novel offers the reader a heightened perception of life during the Second Reign, in more than one social class. From her humble origins to her comfortable adult life, Guiomars trajectory brings out the nuances of a changing society. The present study observes the construction and development of both protagonists Sorel and Guiomar in their respective literary contexts, in order to establish possible connections between the two narratives. Their similarities notwithstanding, such as their adaptability and ambition, this research has also identified substantial differences between Sorel and Guiomar. While he stands out for not conforming to the established social norms, she becomes perfectly adapted to the social environment where she lives, in complete control of its rules. This is the main object and argument of this dissertation.