The master´s thesis assesses the way of cash management in an international company focused on cash pooling and netting. On the basis of an analysis of current situation and with respect to impact of cash management there is offered proposal for netting implementation in the selected company.

This paper aims to investigate the possible connection between specters and silence in Graham Swift’s Tomorrow (2007) and Mothering Sunday (2016). In both novels, the protagonists predominantly speak in interior monologues, recounting the memories and secrets that haunt them, in what could be construed as an attempt to exorcise the ghosts of their past. The paper’s understanding of specters is based on Jacques Derrida’s Specters of Marx (1993), and the idea that specters - as figures that exist in states of in-between - disrupt not only temporality, but what we know to be true. Much like specters, the protagonists vacillate between states, neither speaking nor remaining silent, as they address absent or imagined listeners. This undecidability leaves one to wonder if their ghosts are - or ever can be - truly exorcised.

Any work of art, by definition, is so designated because it speaks to all generations, irrespective of time or place, and regardless of artistic, political, economic, or ideological fads. To accept a work as art with anything less than these universalities is blind acceptance and pure idolatry. Each generation must determine the validity of the label art by determining the relevance of the work to its own generations. Unless a work of art can successfully meet such a test, the label is no more than a gentleman's agreement among self-designated arbiters of taste. Two recent critics, writing on the philosophy of literary criticism, have defined what is perhaps the best test which a work of art must meet. Both agree that a work of art must go beyond the contemporary concern of the author. Swift’s “controversies,” particularly his famous indictment of men, have neve lapsed into memories, for the assertions Johnathan Swift makes about man in Gulliver’s fourth voyage are incontrovertible. And were it not so, his indictment of man is a valid one. Hopefully, however -- and Swift held out such hope -- the course of human history may be altered.

The Silicon Wafer Integrated Fiber Technology, SWIFT, is a novel platform for the development of photonic devices. SWIFT is comprised of an optical fiber, specifically a D-fiber in this work, embedded into a V-groove etched into a silicon wafer. This provides a method to secure the fiber and allows the use of standard semiconductor industry equipment and techniques in latter processing for device fabrication. The SWIFT platform is used as the basis for the development of a polarimetric in-fiber electro-optic modulator. The modulator is based on the application of a nonlinear optical polymer, NLOP, film into the evanescent field of a D-fiber. In this way electric fields applied to the NLOP can be used to influence the light propagating through the fiber. The two initial processes in fabricating the modulator are accessing the evanescent field of the D-fiber and making a nonlinear optical polymer (NLOP) thin film. To expose the evanescent field the fiber is chemically etched using hydrofluoric acid. During the etching, light transmitted through the fiber is monitored for changes in power and polarization. The measured optical changes are correlated to scanning electron microscope images of the etched fibers to relate the etch depth to the changes in power and polarization. This provides an etching process that is controllable and repeatable. The NLOP films are made from a simple guest-host system based poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and dispersed red 1 azo dye (DR1), a nonlinear optical dye. The films are poled to align the dye molecules so that the polymer will exhibit nonlinear optical properties. The poled polymers are tested for second harmonic generation, SHG, to insure that they are nonlinearly optically active. Utilizing the SWIFT platform and the monitored etching process, fibers were etched to a desired 0.2 microns from the core on a repeatable basis. A nonlinear optical polymer was synthesized, formed into thin films, and poled. Nonlinear optical activity in the films was verified by SHG testing.

Denna studie syftade till att undersöka huruvida rollbaserad tillit och ’shadow of the future’ som forskarna Kroeger, Racko och Burchell år 2021 lyfte som de största framgångsfaktorerna för främjandet av ’swift trust’-skapande på mellanmänsklig nivå under normala förhållanden, även kan anses vara de största framgångsfaktorerna på interorganisatorisk nivå i krissituationer. Datainsamlingen skedde genom att utsätta respondenterna för ett krisscenario. I egenskap av att vara del av en kommunal krisledning under pågående skogsbrand var de under mycket stark tidspress tvungna att inför ett beslut göra ett ställningstagande baserat på tillit. Beslutet handlade om att ta emot assistans från en av två möjliga aktörer för att genom vattenbegjutning från luften (’vattenbombning’) hindra skogsbranden från att sprida sig till en närliggande by. Den ena aktören var Försvarsmakten, en för respondenterna välkänd och generellt sett mycket betrodd aktör. Den andra aktören var det fiktiva bolaget HelicoFire AB, en för respondenterna helt okänd aktör. På grund av ett flertal försvårande faktorer menade dock Försvarsmakten att de inte skulle kunna vara på plats förens om ett par timmar. Men att de ändå troligen skulle hinna stoppa branden från att nå byn. HelicoFire AB däremot menade att de kunde vara på plats inom kort. Studiens resultat indikerar bland annat på att i det aktuella krisscenariot hade rollbaserad tillit stor positiv påverkan på respondenternas tillit till HelicoFire AB medan ’shadow of the future’ hade en mycket mer begränsad effekt. Skogsbränder har blivit ett alltmer omtalat ämne och vikten av att samverka i kris är stor för att skapa gemensamma insatser med stor förmåga. För detta krävs normalt tillit vilket gör denna studie högaktuell.

This study explores how knowledge and reality is constructed within an online fandom’s communication, with a focus on LGBTQ+ discourse within Taylor Swift’s fans on Reddit. This is done through a qualitative digital ethnographic method and uses LGBTQ+ symbols and parasocial relationships as tools to analyse 75 posts and 850 comments total. The theoretical framework mainly consists of Berger and Luckmann’s (1966) theory on the social construction of reality and Couldry and Hepp’s (2017) reinterpretation of their work that considers the effects of digitalization and how our construction of reality has changed with it. The analysis showed that the group uses symbols to build a shared collection of facts and continuously follows an us-versus-them narrative to construct their community. Their foundational belief that Swift herself is secretly queer is not to be too closely questioned within the group and they often use the version of Swift that outsiders have built up to discuss hypothetical what-ifs. To participate in the community and be seen as “logical” it appears to require that you to some extent correctly consume the media in a way that aligns with pre- existing facts that the group shares. Meaning that the group has unspoken rules that dictate the knowledge hierarchies within it.

Eye-tracking technology is used within various fields of research such as medicine, computer vision and psychology among others. Despite the many application areas and a growing interest, most eye-trackers rely on dedicated and expensive hardware to track eye movements on large monitors such as desktop displays. Eye-tracking on mobile devices using their built-in camera would be beneficial on a large scale since additional, expensive, equipment would not be needed. Because of the many smartphone users, the technology would be more available. This study aimed to explore the possibilities of using a smartphone camera and augmented reality (AR) for eye-tracking, as well as evaluate the accuracy and precision such a system could obtain. The methods used for gaze estimation were a ray-plane intersection and a system-controlled calibration using linear scaling and translation to adjust the future gaze positions. The mobile device eye-tracker was evaluated in terms of accuracy and precision by two validations using a point pattern to collect gaze data on fixations detected by the system. The result showed an accuracy and precision below optimal compared to previous studies on mobile eye- trackers and eye-trackers that use infra-red light to track the eye-movements. Several factors could have affected the result such as the environments in which the evaluations were held, eye-blinks during data collection or the implementation of the eye-tracking system including the method for calibration. Future work is recommended to evaluate the system in a controlled lab environment, including a larger number of participants and examine if the accuracy is mainly affected by external factors or if it is affected by the implementation of the system. Because of the many benefits of mobile device eye- tracking, future work within the area is encouraged. It would be interesting to investigate the ability to use a mobile device eye-tracker with unrestricted head- and hands movement for further use-cases and a more natural experience. / Teknik för ögonspårning används inom olika forskningsområden såsom medicin, datorsyn och psykologi. Trots många användningsområden och ett växande intresse förlitar sig de flesta ögonspårare på dyr hårdvara för att spåra ögonrörelser på stora bildskärmar. Ögonspårning på mobila enheter med hjälp av inbyggd kamera skulle vara fördelaktigt i stor skala eftersom ytterligare, dyr utrustning inte skulle behövas. Med tanke på de många mobiltelefonanvändare skulle tekniken vara mer tillgänglig. Denna studie syftade till att undersöka möjligheterna att använda en mobiltelefons kamera och förstärkt verklighet (AR) för ögonspårning, samt utvärdera noggrannheten och precisionen som ett sådant system skulle kunna uppnå. Metoderna som användes för att estimera blickens position var en strålplanskorsning och en systemstyrd kalibrering med linjär skalning och förskjutning för att justera framtida blickpositioner. Den mobila enhetens ögonspårare utvärderades i termer av noggrannhet och precision genom två valideringar med hjälp av ett punktmönster för att samla in blickdata från fixeringar som upptäcks av systemet. Resultatet visade en noggrannhet och precision under optimal jämfört med tidigare studier på mobila ögonspårare och ögonspårare som använder infrarött ljus. Flera faktorer kan ha påverkat resultatet, till exempel de miljöer i vilka utvärderingarna gjordes, blinkningar under datainsamlingen eller implementeringen av systemet inklusive val av kalibreringsmetod. Framtida arbete rekommenderas att utvärdera systemet i en kontrollerad laboratoriemiljö med ett större antal deltagare för att undersöka ifall noggrannheten huvudsakligen påverkas av externa faktorer eller av implementeringen av systemet. På grund av de många fördelarna med ögonspårning på mobila enheter uppmuntras framtida arbete inom området.

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There is a great number of programming languages and they follow various paradigms such as imperative, functional, or logic programming among the major ones and various methodologies such as structured approach or object-oriented or object-centered approach. A memory management design of a programming language is one of the most important features to help facilitate reliable design. There are two wide-spread approaches in memory management: manual memory management and automatic memory management, known as Garbage Collection (GC for short). Recently, a third approach to memory management called Ownership has emerged. Ownership management is adapted in two recent languages Rust and Swift. Rust follows a deterministic syntax-driven memory management depending on static ownership rules implemented and enforced by the rustc compiler. Though the Rust approach eliminates to a high degree memory problems such as memory leak, dangling pointer and use after free, it has a steep learning costs. Swift also implements ownership concept in Automatic Reference Counting ARC. Though the ownership concept is adapted in Swift, it is not a memory safe language because of possibility of strong reference cycles. In this research, a demonstration of the ownership in Rust and Swift will be discussed and illustrated, followed by analysis of the consequences of memory issues related to each design. The comparison of Rust and Swift is based on ownership, memory safety, usability and programming paradigm in each language. As an illustration, an experiment to compare the elapsed times of two different structures and their algorithms, Binary Tree and Array are presented. The results illustrate and compare the performances of the same programs written in Rust, Swift, C, C++, and Java. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第24585号 / 工博第5091号 / 新制||工||1975(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科分子工学専攻 / (主査)教授 関 修平, 教授 梶 弘典, 教授 SIVANIAH Easan / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM