abstract: In response to the recent publication and media coverage of several books that support educating boys and girls separately, more public schools in the United States are beginning to offer same-sex schooling options. Indeed, students may be more comfortable interacting solely with same-sex peers, as boys and girls often have difficulty in their interactions with each other; however, given that boys and girls often interact beyond the classroom, researchers must discover why boys and girls suffer difficult other-sex interactions and determine what can be done to improve them. We present two studies aimed at examining such processes. Both studies were conducted from a dynamical systems perspective that highlights the role of variability in dyadic social interactions to capture temporal changes in interpersonal coordination. The first focused on the utility of applying dynamics to the study of same- and mixed-sex interactions and examined the relation of the quality of those interactions to participants' perceptions of their interaction partners. The second study was an extension of the first, examining how dynamical dyadic coordination affected students' self-perceived abilities and beliefs in science, with the intention of examining social predictors of girls' and women's under-representation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Family and Human Development 2012

Magister Artium - MA (Psychology) / Post-apartheid South Africa has been marked by high levels of trauma resulting from exposure to violence. Many South Africans are therefore at risk for developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Despite a large body of research identifying various protective factors which may influence an individual's response to a traumatic event, a gap in South African research on the relationship between exposure to multiple traumatic experiences, protective factors and the development of PTSD was identified. Therefore, located within the systems theory framework, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics, types of exposure to trauma and resilience associated with the development of posttraumatic stress (PTS) when there are multiple exposures to trauma. A quantitative, cross-sectional, exploratory study on 158 psychology students at the University of the Western Cape was undertaken. Using a non-random, convenience sampling method, data were collected by means of four self-report questionnaires namely; a biographical questionnaire, the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5), the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5).

Submitted by Valdinei Souza (neisouza@hotmail.com) on 2015-10-14T19:57:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO ALEXSANDRA.pdf: 6177851 bytes, checksum: 88a138872f1d1eddadcc37c9d38254ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Urania Araujo (urania@ufba.br) on 2016-02-25T18:34:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO ALEXSANDRA.pdf: 6177851 bytes, checksum: 88a138872f1d1eddadcc37c9d38254ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-25T18:34:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO ALEXSANDRA.pdf: 6177851 bytes, checksum: 88a138872f1d1eddadcc37c9d38254ec (MD5) / As mudanças sociais ocorridas com a evolução tecnológica e a globalização trouxeram com elas necessidades de novos aportes gerenciais, tanto no âmbito público como privado. Como parte deste cenário e fator de relevância para o desenvolvimento técnico e científico de um país, as universidades apresentaram novas demandas de informação e também tiverem que se adaptar às emergentes exigências sociais e juntamente com elas suas bibliotecas. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo tem com objetivo analisar os impactos gerados pela gestão dos órgãos coordenadores mediante a atuação de Sistemas de Bibliotecas e/ou Bibliotecas Centrais para o desenvolvimento de seus serviços, considerando a importância da integração e otimização de recursos na prestação de serviços de informação qualificados. Para tanto, a metodologia empregada como forma de traçar um caminho para compreensão do problema proposto de analisar como a gestão dos Órgãos Coordenadores (OC) mediante atuação de Sistemas de Bibliotecas (SIBI) ou Bibliotecas Centrais (BC), contribui no desenvolvimento de seus serviços e cumprimento dos objetivos estabelecidos foi o estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa-qualitativa; com isto, buscou-se caracterizar o processo de gestão centralizada nos órgão coordenadores e sua contribuição para desenvolvimento dos serviços das bibliotecas universitárias federais brasileiras. Procurou-se, ainda, identificar os pontos positivos e negativos da gestão centralizada, mediante a opinião dos gestores desses órgãos. A revisão de literatura e a análise documental permitiram a fundamentação teórica do objeto da pesquisa, sendo pautado no estudo de múltiplos casos que permitiu o delineamento da mostra: dentre as 62 bibliotecas universitárias federais brasileiras, destacaram-se 44. A coleta de dados foi realizada pela aplicação de questionário encaminhado aos 44 gestores. Para análise de dados, utilizaram-se os critérios de Antonio Miranda sobre gestão de bibliotecas universitárias, a partir de três macrofunções ou setores, a saber: administrativo, social e técnico. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que as bibliotecas universitárias, apesar de terem evoluído muito na sua constituição estrutural e na gestão centralizada de seus serviços, ainda precisam avançar mais em torno de questões como a participação nas instâncias decisórias da universidade, na padronização e integração dos serviços, bem como de seus processos de controle e avaliação. / ABSTRACT The social changes seen as a consequence of technological development and globalization brought with them the requirement of new managerial contribution both in public and private scope. As a part of this scenery and major factor in technical and scientific development of a country, the universities and their libraries also had to adapt to emergent social demands. In this perspective, the main goal of this study is to analyze the impacts generated by centralized management in the coordinating agencies upon the action of the library systems and/or central libraries to the development of their services – given the importance of the integration and optimization of resources when providing qualified services. To mark out a way towards the comprehension of the proposed problem, the applied methodology was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach aiming the characterization of the centralized management process in the coordinating agencies and its contribution for the development of services in Brazilian federal universities libraries. This work also attempted to identify the positive and negative points of centralized management upon the opinion of the coordinating agencies managers. The literature review along with document analysis allowed the theoretical foundation of the study objective as well as the sample outlining of the research (which among 61 Brazilian federal universities libraries, selected 44). The data collection was performed through the application of a questionnaire sent to the 44 managers. The data analysis was done using the criteria presented by Miranda (1993) about the management of university libraries from three macro functions or sectors: managerial, social and technical. The results found in this study show that the university libraries despite having evolved greatly in their structural constitution in the centralized management of their services, still need to advance more in matters such as the participation in the deciding instances of the university; in the standardization; integration of the services and the processed of control and evaluation of the libraries.

This thesis investigates the use of a reconceptualised social evolutionary theory for understanding and explaining how and why societies change, specifically looking at this question through the frame of nationalism. The thesis is split into three parts: in the first part I first examine older forms of social evolutionary theory (conceptions from Marx, Spencer and generalized evolutionary accounts) and critique them on the grounds that they are too ‘progressive’ in character, suffer from teleology and have a notion that all societies change linearly, i.e. pass through the same set of stages. After this I elaborate on a reconstructed version of social evolutionary theory, taking it along more Darwinian lines: that the process should be understood as contingent and non-linear, where cultural variants and social intuitions change in response to selective pressures brought about by environmental conditions. To reconstruct social evolution I draw mainly on accounts from Runciman (2009), Hodgson and Knudsen (2010), Sperber (1996), Hull (1988) and Richerson and Boyd (2006). In the second part of the thesis I look at four different theories of social change and utilize Darwinian social evolutionary theory to critique them. The four in question are: Immanuel Wallerstein (world-systems theory); Michael Hechter (rational-choice theory); Michael Mann (sources of social power); and Ernest Gellner (functionalism). These four theories were chosen as they either have, or represent, different theories of social change, and also because they are all concerned to some extent with the rise of the nation-state and nationalism. The main argument in this section is that Darwinian social evolutionary theory can incorporate elements of these theories whilst also going beyond them in explaining and understanding why societies undergo changes. In the case of Mann and Gellner I also note that they are, to a certain extent, implicitly relying on a social evolutionary account, and that drawing this out more explicitly helps provide greater theoretical solidity to their arguments. In the final part of the thesis I apply the theory to two case-studies, looking at the rise of nationalism in Britain (with a focus on England) and Japan. In both cases I examine each development of nationalism historically, using Darwinian social evolution to assess why nationalism emerged at the point that it did in each case, and not before. A final synthesis chapter then looks comparatively at the two cases and applies Darwinian social evolutionary theory to address the question of why nationalism generated in England/Britain, but did not in Japan and why the nationalist movements took the forms that they did. The chapter centres on three main themes, the role of war in forming identities, the role of variation in generating institutions, and the role of lineages in creating continuity in discontinuity. Finally it address the question of why nationalism became the dominant movement and not something else. Together this demonstrates demonstrate the usefulness of the framework for addressing questions concerning social change, in providing a different perspective and insights from other theories of social change. A final chapter summarizes and concludes the thesis, as well as pointing to new directions that research could develop.

Com o crescimento do comércio global e a ampliação das relações de trocas em todo o mundo industrializado, muitas organizações estabeleceram relações com fornecedores e distribuidores globais, constituindo grupos de negócios denominados ?cadeias produtivas?. Assim, o gerenciamento dessas cadeias torna-se essencial e pode propiciar ganhos de escala e aumento da capacidade em atender diferentes mercados e segmentos, tornando-as como um todo mais ágil e flexível, promovendo a redução dos estoques e aumento dos fatores de produção em todas as organizações-chave das cadeias de organizações que delas participem. Existem muitas oportunidades de ampliação da qualidade e de redução de custos na cadeia de organizações e que pode aumentar substancialmente sua receita ou diminuir seus custos pelo gerenciamento eficaz. Acompanhar a evolução de cada organização no contexto da sua cadeia de organizações e dos seus detentores de interesses oferece uma visão muito mais completa, uma imagem holística das atividades, uma cadeia de capacidades e de know-how, de si própria e das aliadas. Como o ambiente circundante, essas capacidades e relacionamentos recíprocos se encontram em constante mutação e evolução. Por conseguinte, a empresa deve monitorar e gerenciar todo o conjunto que compõe a sua cadeia de organizações, incluso os seus fluxos em processos e sistemas. Utilizando modelos de estratégia logística e de gestão de cadeias de distribuição, teoria de sistemas, teoria dos custos de transação, modelos e modelagem foram propostos os Princípios de Cadeias de Organizações e foi desenvolvido um Modelo de Eficiência em Cadeias de Organizações. Um estudo de caso múltiplo na cadeia de negócios da Natura Cosméticos foi realizado para conhecer como está o conceito de cadeias de organizações nessa indústria e seis fornecedores. / Global trade growth and exchange relations enlargement in the industrialized world contributed to make many organizations establish links with suppliers and global distributors, building up business groups called ´productive chains´. Therefore, managing those chains becomes essential in order to provide gains of scale and increasing capacity to accommodating different markets and segments in a more flexible and fast way, providing inventory reduction and increasing production factors in all key organizations of organizations chains that take part in them. There are many opportunities of enlarging the quality and the reduction of costs in the organizations chains that may substantially increase their revenue or decrease their costs through effective management. Acquiring a complete view and a holistic image of the activities for a chain of capacities and know-how of itself and its allies means following up the evolution of every organization in the context of its organizations chain and its interests´ owners. As the surrounding environment, those reciprocal capacities and relationships find themselves in constant change and evolution. Hence, enterprises should monitor and manage all the ensemble that determines their organizations chain, including their flows in processes and systems. With the use of logistic strategy and distribution chains management models, the systems theory, the transaction costs theory, models and modeling, the Organizations Chains Principles were proposed and Organizations Chains Efficiency Model was developed. A multiple case study at Natura Cosmetics´ business chain was held in order to getting to know how this industry and its suppliers deal with the concept of organizations chains.

Orientador: Luiz Antonio Barreira San Martin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T04:52:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_LucianaAparecida_M.pdf: 720915 bytes, checksum: 31e0287aff59267244e774856c7d82af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O principal objetivo desta dissertação é fornecer condições para garantirmos a existencia dos expoentes de Lyapunov. Inicialmente, introduzimos o conceito de expoente de Lyapunov associado a sistemas de equaçoes diferenciais lineares não autonomas e discutimos algumas propriedades que surgem com a introduçao deste conceito. Em seguida, damos duas versoes para a demonstraçao do Teorema Ergodico Multiplicativo de Oseledec para fluxos em tempo discreto associados a cociclos definidos sobre fibrados vetoriais triviais. A partir disto, estendemos este teorema para sistemas em tempo continuo, usando a extensao do Teorema Ergodico Subaditivo de Kingman. Finalmente, apresentamos uma noçao de fluxos em fibrados mais gerais do que fibrados triviais e obtemos, sob determinadas condiçoes, um caso particular do Teorema de Oseledec em cada fibra de um fibrado vetorial nao-trivial / Abstract: The main result of this work provides conditions to assure the existence of Lyapunov exponents. First of all, we introduce the concept of Lyapunov exponents associated to nonautonomous linear differential equations and we discuss some properties which appear with the introduction of this concept. We give two versions for the proof of Oseledec¿s Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem for discrete time flows associated to cocycles which are defined in trivial vector bundles. From this, we extend this theorem for continuos time systems, using an extension of Kingman¿s Subadditive Ergodic Theorem. Finally, we present a notion of flows in fiber bundles more general than the trivial vector bundles and we obtain, given some conditions, a particular case of the Oseledec¿s Theorem in each fiber of a non trivial vector bundle / Mestrado / Sistemas Dinamicos / Mestre em Matemática

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as bases sistêmicas do pensamento de Günther Jakobs, fazendo o cotejo com o pensamento teórico de Niklas Luhmann, sobretudo no tocante à polêmica teoria do Inimigo. Nesse passo, após uma breve digressão sobre a teoria dos sistemas de Luhmann, analisa-se a forma como a matriz sistêmica aporta no pensamento geral de Jakobs, sendo, em sequência, desenvolvido o pensamento inicial em relação à teoria da pena. Através da ligação radical entre a função da pena e a culpabilidade, verifica-se que os conceitos de acoplamento estrutural e encerramento operativo fornecem as bases para o desenvolvimento teórico da dogmática de Jakobs, sem, contudo, serem desenvolvidos até suas últimas consequências. Por fim, ante a comparação da teoria dos sistemas com os desenvolvimentos dogmáticos, analisa-se o quanto de Luhmann há em Jakobs, e o quanto ambas as teorias se distanciam, em especial, no tocante ao Direito Penal do Inimigo. / The present work aims to analyze the systemic basis of the thought of Günther Jakobs, making comparisons with the theoretical ideas of Niklas Luhmann, particularly with regard to the controversial Enemy´s Theory. In this step, after a brief digression on Luhmanns systems theory, we analyze how the system approach brings in the general thought of Jakobs, being, in sequence, developed the initial thought in relation to the penaltys theory. Through the radical connection between the penaltys function and culpability, we noted that the concepts of structural coupling and operational closure provide the foundation for the theoretical development of Jakobs dogmatic, without, however, being developed to their ultimate consequences. Finally, the comparison of the systems theory with the dogmatics development provides the analysis of how much Luhmann is there in Jakobs, and how long both theories depart, in particular, in regards the Enemy Criminal Law

Este trabalho estuda o tema Genocídio a partir do estudo comparativo dos sete casos do século XX, como oficialmente definidos pelas Nações Unidas: Armênios, Holodomor, Nanking, Holocausto, Cambódia, Bósnia-Herzegovina, e Ruanda. O mapeamento de suas similaridades é contraposto aos modelos de (i) Stanton (Genocide Watch); (ii) Albert Bandura (Desengajamento Moral); bem como (iii) Conceitos desenvolvidos a partir de estudos em Psicologia Social, oportunamente identificados. Chegou-se, então, a um Modelo Teórico Ajustado, sistêmico, que potencialmente ajuda a identificar as causas e consequências de Genocídios. / This work studies Genocide from comparing the seven ocurrences in the twentieth century, as oficially defined as Genocides by the United Nations: Armenians, Holodomor, Nanking, Holocaust, Cambodia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Rwanda. The similarities among these cases are then compared with (i) The Stanton Model (Genocide Watch); (ii) The Moral Desengagement Framework, as proposed by Albert Bandura; as well as (iii) Social Psychology concepts, identified and conveniently presented. A theoretical adjusted model, systemic, is then presented, aiming to potentially help identifying causes and consequences of Genocides.

O presente estudo busca problematizar a visão tradicional de democracia, a partir da análise do papel do dissenso na sociedade moderna hipercomplexa. Para tanto, utiliza-se como cânone teórico a teoria dos sistemas de Niklas Luhmann, a qual parte da diferenciação funcional para a identificação da sociedade moderna. A partir desta perspectiva de observação a democracia é compreendida como resultado da diferenciação funcional entre o sistema político e o sistema jurídico, os quais se fecham operativamente, trabalhando com seus próprios códigos. Em razão da diferenciação funcional, marcada pela autopoiese dos sistemas parciais sociais, a legitimação da tomada de decisão dos sistemas político e jurídico já não pode se embasar em uma cosmovisão devendo, portanto, partir de uma característica interna, ou seja, deve-se autolegitimar. Para tanto, são criados procedimentos que buscam justificar as escolhas realizadas pelos sistemas jurídico e político, controlando o dissenso e permitindo que suas decisões sejam tomadas como padrões de comportamento social. Contudo, em relação ao caso brasileiro, vê-se que o clientelismo, personalismo e exclusão social aparecem como óbice à estabilização da democracia como conquista evolutiva, na medida em que dificultam a realização das funções desses dois sistemas funcionais. Por fim, a leitura imagética do cinema é utilizada como forma problematização do caso brasileiro, a partir da busca da identidade desta sociedade pela via mais autêntica de expressão, qual seja, a cultura de um povo, evitando-se, assim, a crítica dos problemas sociais por meio da utilização de paradigmas evolutivos dos denominados países desenvolvidos, notadamente o padrão europeu. / This study seeks to question the traditional view of democracy, from the analysis of the role of dissent in hypercomplex modern society. For this purpose, we used as a theoretical canon Niklas Luhmanns systems theory, which draws on the functional differentiation for identification of modern society. From this observation perspective, democracy is understood as the result of functional differentiation between political and legal systems, which are operatively locked, working with their own codes. Because of the functional differentiation, marked by partial autopoiesis of partial social systems, the legitimacy of the decision making of legal and political systems can no longer be grounded in a worldview, and therefore from a built-in feature, that is, it should self-legitimate. To that end, procedures are created that seek to justify the choices made by the legal and political systems, controlling dissent and allowing decisions to be taken as patterns of social behavior. However, for the Brazilian case, we see that clientelism, personalism and social exclusion appear as an obstacle to the stabilization of democracy as an evolutionary achievement, in as much as they limit the realization of the functional roles of these two systems. Finally, the reading of film imagery is used as a questioning of the Brazilian case, from the search for identity in this society by the most authentic expression, namely the culture of a people, avoiding thus the criticism of social problems, using evolutionary paradigms of the so-called developed countries, notably the European standard.

This work is a research in the field of systems science, emphasising the importance of applying models and theories that have been developed in this area. This work studies the possibility of using James Miller's living systems theory (LST) as a diagnostic tool. The application area was project management processes used when developing computerised information systems. The focus on the analyses was on the critical subsystems that process information. Based on this study it was found that LST function as a diagnostic tool according to the following criteria: it was possible to identify the critical subsystems in the application, the critical subsystems covered relevant information flows in the application and LST could make a unique contribution in the analyses of the application.