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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Efeito da adição de culturas sobre as características microbiológicas e a capacidade de sobrevivência de \'Staphylococcus aureus\' em salame tipo italiano / Effect of the addition of cultures over the microbial profile and the survival of Staphylococcus aureus in Italian salami

Vanzin, Cézar 26 June 2002 (has links)
O emprego de culturas starter tem a finalidade de originar uma população microbiana que supere a microbiota contaminante ou mesmo natural da matéria-prima. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a influência de culturas starter compostas por diferentes combinações de microrganismos, assim como de uma bactéria lática não starter descrita como produtora de bacteriocina (Lactobacillus sake 2a) sobre a capacidade de sobrevivência de Staphylococcus aureus artificialmente inoculado e de diferentes grupos de microrganismos (coliformes totais, Escherichia coli, bolores e leveduras, mesófilos, bactérias láticas e Staphylococcus spp.), durante o período de maturação e vida-de-prateleira de salames tipo Italiano. Um total de 14 tratamentos tipos de salames foram preparadas (em duplicata), com as seguintes variáveis: adição ou não de 2 ou 3 culturas starter em partes iguais (FF1 + SL ou FF1 + SL + SPX, Chr. Hansen); adição ou não de uma cultura não starter; adição ou não de sais de cura. Dentre as formulações, 8 foram artificialmente contaminadas com S. aureus. As análises foram conduzidas no início do processamento (matéria-prima), durante a maturação (2º, 10º e 20º dia) e a vida-de-prateleira (a cada 10 dias, até o 90º dia). Observou-se que, apesar dos diferentes tratamentos testados, S. aureus não foi eliminado antes do término do período de maturação, permanecendo viável no produto até o final ou até boa parte de sua vida de prateleira, com uma redução que variou de 1,27 ciclos log (salames adicionados de 2 tipos culturas e sais de cura) e 1,08 ciclos log (salames adicionados de 3 tipos culturas e sais de cura). As produções adicionadas de Lactobacillus sake não puderam ser classificadas como salame tipo Italiano, por não terem alcançado o pH característico do produto, ao contrário do que ocorreu com os demais salames produzidos. A adição de sais de cura dificultou a inibição da maioria dos microrganismos, particularmente de S. aureus, exceto no caso das formulações com L. sake, para as quais observou-se um efeito sinérgico aditivo entre a cultura e os sais de cura, efeito entretanto insuficiente para garantir a segurança do produto. Os dados obtidos não permitiram concluir sobre a diferenças entre a adição ou não de culturas starter, bem como a sua composição, sobre a inibição dos microrganismos. Apesar do salame ser um produto que não fornece condições adequadas para a multiplicação microbiana, se houver uma alta contaminação inicial de S. aureus e, possivelmente, de outros patógenos, esta permanecerá no produto, podendo chegar ao consumidor com populações relativamente elevadas. / The use of starter cultures has the purpose of providing sufficient microbial numbers to ensure numerical dominance over the natural contaminating flora. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of starter cultures composed of different combinations of microorganisms and of a non starter bacteriocin producing lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus sake 2a) over the survival of an artificially inoculated Staphylococcus aureus strain and of different groups of microorganisms (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, yeasts and molds, mesophiles, lactic acid bacteria and Staphylococcus spp.), during the curing process and the shelf life of Italian salami. Fourteen formulations of salami were prepared (twice each), employing the following variables: addition or not of 2 or 3 starter cultures in equal parts (FF1 + SL or FF1 + SL + SPX, Chr. Hansen); addition or not of a non starter culture; addition or not of a curing agent composed of nitrite and nitrate. Eight of the formulations were artificially contaminated with S. aureus. Analysis proceeded in the beginning of the manufacturing process (meat), during the curing process (after the 2nd, the 10th and the 20th day) and during the shelf-life of the product (every 10 days, up to the 90th day). It was observed that, in spite of the different kinds of treatments tested, S. aureus was not eliminated during the curing process, remaining viable until the end of the shelf life, or at least during most part of it. Formulations added of L. sake could not be classified as salami, as they did not reach the typical pH of the product, pH that was reached by the other formulations prepared. Addition of curing salts made inhibition of most microorganisms difficult, particularly in the case of S. aureus, except for formulations added of L. sake, for which synergistic effect between the culture and the curing agent was observed, though unsatisfactory to ensure safety of the product. Data obtained was not enough to conclude about differences between effects of addition or not of starter cultures, and its composition, over inhibition of microorganisms. Even though salami is a product which does not provide good microbial growth conditions, when initial contamination of S. aureus, and possibly of other pathogens, is high, it will remain in the product that reaches consumers with high microbial loads.
12

Efeito da adição de culturas sobre as características microbiológicas e a capacidade de sobrevivência de \'Staphylococcus aureus\' em salame tipo italiano / Effect of the addition of cultures over the microbial profile and the survival of Staphylococcus aureus in Italian salami

Cézar Vanzin 26 June 2002 (has links)
O emprego de culturas starter tem a finalidade de originar uma população microbiana que supere a microbiota contaminante ou mesmo natural da matéria-prima. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a influência de culturas starter compostas por diferentes combinações de microrganismos, assim como de uma bactéria lática não starter descrita como produtora de bacteriocina (Lactobacillus sake 2a) sobre a capacidade de sobrevivência de Staphylococcus aureus artificialmente inoculado e de diferentes grupos de microrganismos (coliformes totais, Escherichia coli, bolores e leveduras, mesófilos, bactérias láticas e Staphylococcus spp.), durante o período de maturação e vida-de-prateleira de salames tipo Italiano. Um total de 14 tratamentos tipos de salames foram preparadas (em duplicata), com as seguintes variáveis: adição ou não de 2 ou 3 culturas starter em partes iguais (FF1 + SL ou FF1 + SL + SPX, Chr. Hansen); adição ou não de uma cultura não starter; adição ou não de sais de cura. Dentre as formulações, 8 foram artificialmente contaminadas com S. aureus. As análises foram conduzidas no início do processamento (matéria-prima), durante a maturação (2º, 10º e 20º dia) e a vida-de-prateleira (a cada 10 dias, até o 90º dia). Observou-se que, apesar dos diferentes tratamentos testados, S. aureus não foi eliminado antes do término do período de maturação, permanecendo viável no produto até o final ou até boa parte de sua vida de prateleira, com uma redução que variou de 1,27 ciclos log (salames adicionados de 2 tipos culturas e sais de cura) e 1,08 ciclos log (salames adicionados de 3 tipos culturas e sais de cura). As produções adicionadas de Lactobacillus sake não puderam ser classificadas como salame tipo Italiano, por não terem alcançado o pH característico do produto, ao contrário do que ocorreu com os demais salames produzidos. A adição de sais de cura dificultou a inibição da maioria dos microrganismos, particularmente de S. aureus, exceto no caso das formulações com L. sake, para as quais observou-se um efeito sinérgico aditivo entre a cultura e os sais de cura, efeito entretanto insuficiente para garantir a segurança do produto. Os dados obtidos não permitiram concluir sobre a diferenças entre a adição ou não de culturas starter, bem como a sua composição, sobre a inibição dos microrganismos. Apesar do salame ser um produto que não fornece condições adequadas para a multiplicação microbiana, se houver uma alta contaminação inicial de S. aureus e, possivelmente, de outros patógenos, esta permanecerá no produto, podendo chegar ao consumidor com populações relativamente elevadas. / The use of starter cultures has the purpose of providing sufficient microbial numbers to ensure numerical dominance over the natural contaminating flora. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of starter cultures composed of different combinations of microorganisms and of a non starter bacteriocin producing lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus sake 2a) over the survival of an artificially inoculated Staphylococcus aureus strain and of different groups of microorganisms (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, yeasts and molds, mesophiles, lactic acid bacteria and Staphylococcus spp.), during the curing process and the shelf life of Italian salami. Fourteen formulations of salami were prepared (twice each), employing the following variables: addition or not of 2 or 3 starter cultures in equal parts (FF1 + SL or FF1 + SL + SPX, Chr. Hansen); addition or not of a non starter culture; addition or not of a curing agent composed of nitrite and nitrate. Eight of the formulations were artificially contaminated with S. aureus. Analysis proceeded in the beginning of the manufacturing process (meat), during the curing process (after the 2nd, the 10th and the 20th day) and during the shelf-life of the product (every 10 days, up to the 90th day). It was observed that, in spite of the different kinds of treatments tested, S. aureus was not eliminated during the curing process, remaining viable until the end of the shelf life, or at least during most part of it. Formulations added of L. sake could not be classified as salami, as they did not reach the typical pH of the product, pH that was reached by the other formulations prepared. Addition of curing salts made inhibition of most microorganisms difficult, particularly in the case of S. aureus, except for formulations added of L. sake, for which synergistic effect between the culture and the curing agent was observed, though unsatisfactory to ensure safety of the product. Data obtained was not enough to conclude about differences between effects of addition or not of starter cultures, and its composition, over inhibition of microorganisms. Even though salami is a product which does not provide good microbial growth conditions, when initial contamination of S. aureus, and possibly of other pathogens, is high, it will remain in the product that reaches consumers with high microbial loads.
13

Purificação e mecanismo de ação de uma bacteriocina produzida por Lactobacillus sake 2a isolado de linguiça frescal / Purification and mechanism of action of a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sake 2a isolated frescal sausage

Rosa, Cláudia Moreno 17 April 2001 (has links)
Uma bacteriocina produzida por uma cepa de Lactobacillus sake 2a, isolada de lingüiça frescal comercial foi purificada, caracterizada e seu modo de ação foi estudado com o objetivo de ser utilizada como bioconservante em alimentos. A bacteriocina apresentou efeito bactericida contra Listeria monocytogenes em meio de cultura. Algumas cepas como Listeria welshimeri, Listeria seeligeri e Listeria inócua foram sensíveis, mas Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli O157H7 foram resistentes a esta bacteriocina. O melhor meio de cultura para a sua produção foi o meio MRS à 25 ou 30°C durante a fase logarítmica de crescimento, obtendo-se 450 UA/ml de bacteriocina. Observou-se estabilidade a 121° C por 15 minutos. A bacteriocina foi purificada 71186 vezes pela técnica de adsorção/desorção de proteínas seguida de cromatografia de troca iônica Mono S, com rendimento de 3%. O peso molecular estimado foi de 3 a 6 kDa, determinado por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida-tricina. Nos estudos do mecanismo de ação, a bacteriocina dissipou o potencial de membrana, o gradiente de pH e reduziu de 80% os níveis de ATP intracelular não alterando os níveis de ATP extracelular. Bacteriocina 2a, nas concentrações de 28, 60 e 114 UA/ml, também causou efluxo de 3, 30 e 100% de carboxifluoresceina dos lipossomos construídos com lipídios de membrana de Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, respectivamente. Os resultados indicam que a bacteriocina 2a atua formando poros na membrana citoplasmática de células sensíveis não necessitando de um receptor específico. Conclui-se também que a bacteriocina é um bioconservante em potencial, podendo ser usada no controle de Listeria monocytogenes em alimentos. / Bacteriocin 2a produced by Lactobacillus sake 2a isolated from a Brazilian meat product (lingüiça) was purified, characterized and its mecanism of action was studied. The bacteriocin 2a showed bactericidal effect against Listeria monocytogens, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria seeligeri and Listeria inocua but it did not have an effect against Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli O157H7 strains. The highest concentration of bacteriocin 2a (450 AU/ml) was found in MRS medium incubated at 25 or 30°C and its production was at its maximum towards logaritmic growth. It was stable at 121° C for 15 minutes. Bacteriocin 2a was purified 71186 fold by salt extraction from Lactobacillus sake cells, followed by cation exchange chromatography using Mono S column. It has an estimated molecular mass of 3-6kDa. In mechanistic studies of action against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, bacteriocin 2a dissipated the pH gradient, the ΔΨ and reduced the ATP internal concentration by 80% with no detectable increase in the external ATP concentration. Bacteriocin 2a concentration of 28, 60 and 114 AU/ml, also mediated carboxyfluorescein efflux of 3, 30 and 100% from liposomes made from lipids extracted from Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, respectively. These data indicate that bacteriocin 2a forms pores in the citoplasmatic membrane of target cells similarly Class II bacteriocins. In addiction it can be use as a potential anti-microbial against Listeria monocytogenes in food.
14

Restitution de la poésie ˸ la portée des écrits théoriques dans l'œuvre de Gerard Manley Hopkins / The Restitution of Poetry ˸ the Scope of the Theoretical Writings in the Works of Gerard Manley Hopkins

Draper, Michèle 10 December 2018 (has links)
L’introduction rappelle l’importance et l’intérêt des proses des Journals, des Oxford Essays and Notes, et des écrits dévotionnels, qui doivent être lus en continuité avec la poésie. Le chapitre I se consacre à la restitution des phénomènes naturels et perceptifs chez Hopkins, à la description et à l’analyse des termes d’inscape et d’instress dans les Journals, à la pratique de la prose descriptive chez Hopkins. Le chapitre II examine l’héraclitéisme de Hopkins dans le poème That Nature is a Heraclitean Fire and of the Comfort of the Resurrection. La résurrection est l’autre nom de la restitution (ou apocatastasis) qui donne la première explication de notre titre. Nous y observons le traitement de la description dynamique de la nature, en liaison avec les Journals, et l’ensemble des essais théoriques des années 1863-68, puis leur résonance sur la vingtaine d’années d’activité du poète. Le chapitre III se consacre à l’examen de l’essai « Parmenides » de 1868 qui permet de comprendre l’origine des termes essentiels d’instress et d’inscape dans la traduction commentée du Poème de Parménide, et l’emploi ultérieur de ces termes dans les définitions de la poésie. Le chapitre IV examine la définition de la poésie selon Hopkins, la constitution dialectique de la poésie, en fonction d’un triple trajet, confrontant les Essais d’Oxford, les poèmes et la tradition philosophique. On y relie de manière croisée l’interprétation de la dialectique de Platon, le réalisme d’Aristote à la question de l’imagination, de la fantaisie et de la voix. Ces éléments permettent l'analyse des liens entre langage poétique, vérité et réalité. Le chapitre V se consacre à l’analyse de la place de l’homme singulier dans cette pensée, aux définitions de la poésie, en confrontant les premiers essais d’esthétique aux usages plus tardifs des théologies hypostatiques et eucharistiques ainsi qu’à l’écriture des poèmes. La lecture de Duns Scot conduit à examiner les notions de pitch et de sake, considérées comme autant d’étapes pour parvenir à une définition poétique de l’homme. Le chapitre VI se consacre au développement de la notion d’imagination rythmique et à l’analyse du rythme bondissant, la clef de voûte de la pensée et de la pratique de Hopkins, par un examen des poèmes, des liens avec les poétiques de Wordsworth et de Coleridge, la métaphysique, la pensée du théâtre, la tradition pindarique. La conclusion tente de montrer qu’avec Hölderlin, et Coleridge, Hopkins est une des figures majeures de la pensée de la poésie, ce qui explique l’influence de ses écrits sur la poésie et la poétique du XXe siècle. / Hopkins’ Oxford Essays and Notes as well as his prose writings are of particular relevance for the understanding of his work at large. Chapter I analyzes Hopkins’ Journals and the restitution of natural phenomena and sensations, as well as the use of inscape and instress in descriptive contexts. Chapter II analyzes Hopkins’ Heracliteanism in the poem That Nature is a Heraclitean Fire and of the Comfort of the Resurrection. Resurrection is a synonym for restitution (or apocatastasis in Greek, explaining our choice of the title). We concentrate on the dynamic description of nature in the Journals and the resonance of the Oxford Essays over the twenty years of Hopkins’ activity as a writer and poet. The third chapter is devoted to the 1868 essay « Parmenides », in which we trace the origins of the key-terms of inscape and instress as translations from the Greek of Parmenides’ Poem. Chaper IV examines the import of these notions in Hopkins’ definitions of poetry, the constitutive dialectics of poetry by analyzing the following topics in the Oxford Essays : poetry, its relation to philosophy, to Plato’s dialectics, to Aristotle’s realism and ethics, the definition of voice, imagination and fancy, as well as the analysis of the links between poetical language, truth and reality. Chapter V concentrates on the analysis of man’s singularity by confronting Hopkins’ early aesthetical theories and his more mature uses of hypostatical and eucharistic theologies, in the light of Duns Scotus’s influence. The relation of poetry, theology and anthropology leads us to examine the key notions of pitch and sake in Hopkins’ poetic definition of man. Chapter VI is devoted to the analysis of Hopkins’ rhythmical imagination and sprung rhythm, the keystone of his thought and practice, in relation to his interpretation of Wordsworthian and Coleridgean aesthetics, metaphysics, dramatic theory, poetics and the Pindaric tradition. To conclude, we focus on the importance of Hopkins, as one of the greatest representatives of poetic thought in the XIXth Century along with Coleridge and Hölderlin, hence his influence in XXth century poetry and poetics.
15

Purificação e mecanismo de ação de uma bacteriocina produzida por Lactobacillus sake 2a isolado de linguiça frescal / Purification and mechanism of action of a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sake 2a isolated frescal sausage

Cláudia Moreno Rosa 17 April 2001 (has links)
Uma bacteriocina produzida por uma cepa de Lactobacillus sake 2a, isolada de lingüiça frescal comercial foi purificada, caracterizada e seu modo de ação foi estudado com o objetivo de ser utilizada como bioconservante em alimentos. A bacteriocina apresentou efeito bactericida contra Listeria monocytogenes em meio de cultura. Algumas cepas como Listeria welshimeri, Listeria seeligeri e Listeria inócua foram sensíveis, mas Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli O157H7 foram resistentes a esta bacteriocina. O melhor meio de cultura para a sua produção foi o meio MRS à 25 ou 30°C durante a fase logarítmica de crescimento, obtendo-se 450 UA/ml de bacteriocina. Observou-se estabilidade a 121° C por 15 minutos. A bacteriocina foi purificada 71186 vezes pela técnica de adsorção/desorção de proteínas seguida de cromatografia de troca iônica Mono S, com rendimento de 3%. O peso molecular estimado foi de 3 a 6 kDa, determinado por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida-tricina. Nos estudos do mecanismo de ação, a bacteriocina dissipou o potencial de membrana, o gradiente de pH e reduziu de 80% os níveis de ATP intracelular não alterando os níveis de ATP extracelular. Bacteriocina 2a, nas concentrações de 28, 60 e 114 UA/ml, também causou efluxo de 3, 30 e 100% de carboxifluoresceina dos lipossomos construídos com lipídios de membrana de Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, respectivamente. Os resultados indicam que a bacteriocina 2a atua formando poros na membrana citoplasmática de células sensíveis não necessitando de um receptor específico. Conclui-se também que a bacteriocina é um bioconservante em potencial, podendo ser usada no controle de Listeria monocytogenes em alimentos. / Bacteriocin 2a produced by Lactobacillus sake 2a isolated from a Brazilian meat product (lingüiça) was purified, characterized and its mecanism of action was studied. The bacteriocin 2a showed bactericidal effect against Listeria monocytogens, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria seeligeri and Listeria inocua but it did not have an effect against Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli O157H7 strains. The highest concentration of bacteriocin 2a (450 AU/ml) was found in MRS medium incubated at 25 or 30°C and its production was at its maximum towards logaritmic growth. It was stable at 121° C for 15 minutes. Bacteriocin 2a was purified 71186 fold by salt extraction from Lactobacillus sake cells, followed by cation exchange chromatography using Mono S column. It has an estimated molecular mass of 3-6kDa. In mechanistic studies of action against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, bacteriocin 2a dissipated the pH gradient, the ΔΨ and reduced the ATP internal concentration by 80% with no detectable increase in the external ATP concentration. Bacteriocin 2a concentration of 28, 60 and 114 AU/ml, also mediated carboxyfluorescein efflux of 3, 30 and 100% from liposomes made from lipids extracted from Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, respectively. These data indicate that bacteriocin 2a forms pores in the citoplasmatic membrane of target cells similarly Class II bacteriocins. In addiction it can be use as a potential anti-microbial against Listeria monocytogenes in food.
16

Efeito combinado de bacteriocina produzida por Lactobacillus sake 2ª e embalagem em atmosfera modificada no controle de Listeria monocytogenes em linguiça frescal refrigerada / Combined effect of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sake 2a and packaging in modified atmosphere on Listeria monocytogenes control in refrigerated frescal sausage

Alcina Maria Liserre 17 September 2001 (has links)
O efeito combinado de bacteriocina produzida por Lacfobacillus sake 2ª e embalagem em atmosfera modificada sobre o controle de Lisferia monocytogenes F5069r em lingüiça frescal foi avaliado. A cepa L. sake 2a foi co-inoculada com L. monocytogenes F5069r (resistente a cloranfenicol e eritromicina) em lingüiça frescal. As lingüiças foram embaladas com ar, 100% CO2 ou 50%CO2/50%N2 e armazenadas a 6°C. A multiplicação de L. Monocytogenes F5069r e L. sake 2a foi monitorada durante 4 semanas em intervalos de 7 dias. A avaliação sensorial, por meio do teste triangular, foi realizada após 5 e 11 dias, os quais foram estipulados de acordo com a vida-de-prateleira do produto. Após 28 dias de estocagem, a população de L. monocytogenes nas amostras inoculadas com L. sake 2a e embaladas com atmosfera modificada foi 6.4 ciclos logarítmicos menor que no controle sem a bactéria lática e embalado em ar. No entanto, a influência da atmosfera modificada sobre as características sensoriais do produto foram detectáveis após cinco dias de estocagem, independente da adição de L. sake 2a. Ao final da primeira semana, a influência de L. sake 2a sobre L. monocytogenes foi menos importante (redução de 0,4 log, não significante) que a influência da embalagem em atmosfera modificada (redução de 1,4 log, significante). No décimo primeiro dia, nenhuma diferença sensorial foi encontrada entre as amostras com e sem L. sake 2a embaladas em atmosfera modificada. Após 14 dias, a população de L. monocyfogenes nas amostras com L. sake 2ª embaladas em atmosfera modificada foi 3,5 log menor que no controle sem a bactéria lática e embalado em ar. Os resultados sugerem que o uso combinado de atmosfera modificada e bacteriocina produzida por L. sake 2a apresenta um efeito sinergístico sobre o controle de L. monocytogenes F5069r em lingüiça frescal refrigerada. / Lactobacillus sake 2a is a bacteriocinogenic strain isolated from \"lingüiça frescal\", a Brazilian sausage. The combined effect of modified-atmosphere packaging and addition of L. sake 2a on inhibition of L. monocyfogenes in \"lingüiça\" was evaluated. Samples were inoculated with L. monocytogenes and/or L. sake 2a, packed with oxygen-permeable film, 100%CO2 or 50%CO2+50%N2 and stored at 6°C. Microbial counts were performed weekly. Sensorial evaluation (triangle tests with 16 subjects) was performed after 5 and 11 days (shelf-life). After the fourth week, L. monocytogenes population in samples packed with modified atmosphere containing L. sake 2a was 6.4 log lower than in samples without any treatment. However, the influence of the modified atmosphere on the sensorial characteristics of the product was already detectable on the fifth day (a risk of 5%), regardless the addition of L. sake 2a. By the end of the first week, the influence of L. sake 2a on the inhibition of L. Monocytogenes was less important (reduction of 0.4 log, non significant) than the influence of the packaging (reduction of 1.4 log, significant). On the 11th day, no significant sensorial difference was found between the samples with and without L. sake 2a packed with modified atmosphere. By the end of the second week, L.monocytogenes counts in samples packed with modified atmosphere containing L. sake 2a were 3.5 log lower than counts in samples without any treatment. Combination of results suggests that modified atmosphere and L. sake 2a act synergistically on inhibition of L. monocytogenes in \"lingüiça frescal\".
17

Reconceptualizing music education and introducing the timeline integration model: an interdisciplinary approach using socio-historical contexts

Haywood, Abby C. 01 May 2014 (has links)
Since the early part of the 1800s many aspects of music education have remained "very traditional" with little changes in underpinning rationales (Jorgensen, 2003, p. 3). Due to this lack of change, a divide exists "between musical ideology and education practice" (p. 4). The primary purpose of this thesis is to suggest that changing the music education profession begins with reconceptualizing music education. The secondary purpose is to propose one solution, the Timeline Integration Model. Reconceptualization is the process of challenging the atheoretical and ahistorical perspectives of traditional curricula (Pinar, 1975). Rethinking curriculum research starts at the intersections of social structure, history, and biography (Popkewitz, 1988). This philosophical qualitative research thesis presents an analysis of the social structure of School of Music programs. It uses the symbolic interaction theory to investigate how language and music-for-music's-sake ideology influence the music education profession. It briefly examines the history of music education and provides a review of literature of symbolic interaction theory and reconceptualization in relation to music education. The symbolic interaction theory is also applied to an autobiography to further investigate the social structure of School of Music programs and the music education profession. The autobiography demonstrates how social structure, history, and biography are interconnected. This thesis introduces the Timeline Integration Model. The Timeline Integration Model is an interdisciplinary approach developed by the author that uses socio-historical contexts to rethink musical learning. The Timeline Integration Model also provides teachers with tools to design meaningful and integrative lessons in K-12 general music classrooms.
18

Whistler's application of musical terminology to his paintings : the search for a synaesthetic response /

Sager, Jo. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, November, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-237 )
19

Kleurlingbehuising in Eersterust, Pretoria : 'n sosiologiese ontleiding met besondere verwysing na onwenslike behuisingstoetstande en die houding van die kleurlinge ten opsigte van hul behuisingsomstandighede

Van der Walt, T.J. January 1966 (has links)
No abstract available. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1966. / gm2014 / Sociology / Unrestricted
20

Coating forming agents as carriers of the biocontrol agent Candida sake with antifungal effect against Botrytis cinerea on grapes

Marín Gozalbo, Anna 09 September 2017 (has links)
[EN] The biocontrol agent (BCA) Candida sake CPA-1, has proven to be effective against the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea, causing agent of grey mold in many fruits. The aim of this Thesis was to develop biocontrol products (BCP), based on this BCA and coating forming agents (CFAs) with good stability and efficacy against fungus infection. Several formulations of CFAs, based on biopolymers (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), corn starch (S), sodium caseinate (NaCas) and pea protein (PP)), combined with surfactants (oleic acid (OA), Span 80 (S80) and Tween 85 (T85)), were obtained and analyzed as to their ability to improve the adherence, survival and efficacy of C. sake on grapes. The functionality of these formulations as coatings was also analyzed with and without yeast cells. Likewise, dry formulations based on low cost CFAs (starch derivatives) and C. sake were obtained by means of fluidized-bed drying and their physical and microbiological stability were studied as a function of product moisture content. The application of C. sake in combination with CFAs permitted an improvement in the initial adherence of the yeast on the surface of grapes and also higher survival rates. The protein-based coatings (NaCas and PP), both with and without surfactants showed the best results, suggesting that these matrices are more adequate supports for the BCA. CFAs also enhanced the efficacy of the BCA efficacy at controlling grey mold with respect to C. sake applied in water. NaCas and PP, and also some of the formulations based on S, exhibited the highest reduction values as regards to the incidence and severity of the infection. When the main properties of the coating forming dispersions and films were analyzed, it could be observed that the type of polymer, more than the presence or type of surfactant, greatly influenced the obtained values. The viability of C. sake on the different matrices was greatly reduced during storage at 25°C. However, protein-based coatings showed slightly higher counts. The coatings formed were not estimated to be tick and so they did not represent a relevant barrier to the gas exchanges of the fruit, although they were sufficient to improve the performance of C. sake as BCA. The physical stability of the different BCPs based on C. sake and starch derivatives (potato starch, pre-gelatinized potato starch and maltodextrins) was ensured below a water activity (aW) of 0.75 at room temperature, since BCPs were in a glassy state. However, the viability of C. sake at 20°C over time was greatly affected by the aW. Thus, whereas an aW ¿ 0.43 caused fast reductions in the viability of the BCA in all of the formulations, an aW ¿ 0.33 better preserved the viability of the yeast. This is a key factor since 0.33 is the aW value of a newly dried product and its moisturizing must be avoided in order to maintain its effectiveness in terms of cell viability. Nevertheless, 20°C was considered a non-adequate temperature since, even at low aW, a remarkable decline in viable cells was observed. However, cold storage of BCPs at 5°C allowed for a very good preservation of viable cells even after 6 months. A BCP based on maltodextrins as the main carrier was the formulation that showed the best potential to formulate C. sake in terms of the cell viability preservation and feasibility of in-field application due to its faster water solubilization. / [ES] El agente de biocontrol (ABC) Candida sake CPA-1 ha demostrado ser efectivo frente al hongo patogénico Botrytis cinerea, el agente causante de la podredumbre gris en muchas frutas. El objetivo de esta Tesis fue el desarrollo de productos de biocontrol (PBC) basados en este ABC y agentes formadores de recubrimiento (AFRs), con una buena estabilidad y efectividad frente a la infección fúngica. Se obtuvieron diversas formulaciones de AFRs, basadas en biopolímeros (hidroxipropilmetilcelulosa (HPMC), almidón de maíz (AM), caseinato sódico (NaCas) y proteína de guisantes (PG)), combinados con tensoactivos (ácido oleico (AO), Span 80 (S80) y Tween 85 (T85)). Todas ellas se analizaron en su capacidad para mejorar la adherencia, supervivencia y eficacia de C. sake en uvas. Se estudio también la funcionalidad de estas formulaciones como recubrimientos con y sin la incorporación de células de la levadura. Asimismo, se obtuvieron formulados secos basados en AFRs de bajo coste (derivados de almidón) y C. sake por secado en lecho fluido y su estabilidad física y microbiológica fue estudiada en función de su contenido en humedad. La aplicación de C. sake en combinación con AFRs permitió una mejora de la adherencia inicial de la levadura en la superficie de uvas y también una mayor supervivencia. Los recubrimientos basados en proteínas (NaCas y PG) con y sin tensoactivos mostraron los mejores resultados, sugiriendo que estas matrices son soportes más adecuados para el ABC. Los AFRs también mejoraron la efectividad del ABC en el control de la podredumbre gris en comparación con C. sake aplicada con agua. NaCas y PG, así como algunas de las formulaciones basadas en AM, dieron lugar a los valores más elevados de reducción de la incidencia y severidad de la infección. Cuando se analizaron las principales propiedades de las dispersiones formadoras de recubrimiento y las películas, se pudo observar que el tipo de polímero, más que la presencia o tipo de tensoactivo, afectó considerablemente los valores obtenidos. La viabilidad de C. sake en las distintas matrices se vio muy afectada durante su almacenamiento a 25°C. Sin embargo, los recubrimientos a base de proteínas mostraron recuentos ligeramente superiores. El espesor estimado de los recubrimientos formados en las uvas fue muy bajo, por lo que éstos no supusieron un efecto barrera relevante para los intercambios de gases de la fruta, aunque fueron suficientes para mejorar la función de C. sake como ABC. La estabilidad física de los diferentes PBCs basados en C. sake y derivados de almidón (almidón de patata, almidón de patata pregelatinizado y maltodextrinas) quedó asegurada a actividades de agua (aW) por debajo de 0.75 a temperatura ambiente, ya que los PBCs se encontraban en estado vítreo. Sin embargo, la viabilidad de C. sake a 25°C durante el tiempo se vio altamente disminuida. Mientras valores de aW ¿ 0.43 causaron rápidas reducciones en la viabilidad del ABC en todas las formulaciones, valores de aW ¿ 0.33 preservaron mejor la viabilidad de la levadura. Esto es un factor clave ya que 0.33 es el valor de aW de los productos recién obtenidos, por lo que su hidratación debe evitarse para mantener su efectividad en términos de viabilidad celular. No obstante, 20°C no fue considerada una temperatura de conservación adecuada ya que, incluso a valores bajos de aW, se observó un marcado descenso en el número de células viables. Por su parte, el almacenamiento en frío a 5°C permitió un muy buen mantenimiento de células viables, incluso tras 6 meses de almacenamiento. El PBC basado en maltodextrinas como soporte principal fue el formulado que mostró el mejor potencial para formular C. sake en términos de mantenimiento de la viabilidad celular y practicidad para su aplicación en campo, debido a su rápida solubilidad en agua. / [CAT] L'agent de biocontrol (ABC) Candida sake CPA-1 ha demostrat s'efectiu enfront del fong patogènic Botrytis cinerea, l'agent causal de la podridura grisa en moltes fruites. L'objectiu d'aquesta Tesi va ser el desenvolupament de productes de biocontrol (PBC) basats en aquest ABC i agents formadors de recobriment (AFRs), amb una bona estabilitat i efectivitat enfront de la infecció fúngica. Es van obtindre diverses formulacions d'AFRs, basades en biopolímers (hidroxipropilmetilcelulosa (HPMC), midó de dacsa (M), caseinat sòdic (NaCas) i proteïna de pésol (PP)), combinats amb tensoactius (acid oleic (AO), Span 80 (S80) i Tween 85 (T85)). Totes elles van ser analitzades en la seua capacitat per a millorar l'adherència, supervivència i eficàcia de C. sake en raïm. La funcionalitat com a recobriments d'aquestes formulacions també va ser estudiada amb i sense la incorporació de cèl·lules del llevat. Tanmateix, es van obtindre formulats secs basats en AFRs de baix cost (derivats de midó) i C. sake per assecat en llit fluiditzat i la seua estabilitat física i microbiològica va ser estudiada en funció del seu contingut en humitat. L'aplicació de C. sake en combinació amb AFRs va permetre una millora de l'adherència inicial del llevat sobre la superfície de raïm i també una major supervivència. Els recobriments basats en proteïnes (NaCas i PP) amb i sense tensoactius van mostrar els millors resultats, suggerint que aquestes matrius són suports més adequats per a l'ABC. Els AFRs també van millorar l'efectivitat de l'ABC en el control de la podridura grisa en comparació amb C. sake aplicada amb aigua. NaCas i PP, així com algunes de les formulacions basades en M, van donar lloc als valors més elevats de reducció de la incidència i severitat de la infecció. Quan les principals propietats de les dispersions formadores de recobriment i pel·lícules van ser analitzades, es va poder observar que el tipus de polímer, més que la presència o tipus de tensoactiu, va afectar considerablement els valors obtinguts. La viabilitat de C. sake en les diferents matrius es va veure molt afectada durant el seu emmagatzemament a 25°C. No obstant això, els recobriments a base de proteïnes van mostrar recomptes lleugerament superiors. La grossària estimada dels recobriments formats en el raïm va ser molt baixa, per la qual cosa aquests no van suposar un efecte barrera rellevant per als intercanvis de gasos de la fruita, encara que van ser suficients per a millorar la funció de C. sake com ABC. L'estabilitat física dels diferents PBCs basats en C. sake i derivats de midó (midó de creïlla, midó de creïlla pregelatinitzat i maltodextrines) va quedar assegurada a activitats d'aigua (aW) per davall de 0.75 a temperatura ambient, ja que els PBCs es trobaven en estat vitri. No obstant això, la viabilitat de C. sake a 25°C durant el temps es va veure altament afectada. Mentre que valors d'aW ¿ 0.43 van causar ràpides reduccions en la viabilitat de l'ABC en totes les formulacions, valors d'aW ¿ 0.33 an preservar millor la viabilitat del llevat. Açò és un factor clau ja que 0.33 és el valor d'aW dels productes acabats d'obtindre, per la qual cosa la seua hidratació ha d'evitar-se per a mantindre la seua efectivitat en termes de viabilitat cel·lular. No obstant això, 20°C va ser considerada una temperatura no adequada ja que, fins i tot a valors d'aW baixos, un marcat descens en el nombre de cèl·lules viables va ser observat. Per la seua banda, l'emmagatzemament en fred a 5°C va permetre un molt bon manteniment de cèl·lules viables, fins i tot després de 6 mesos. El PBC basat en maltodextrines com a suport principal va ser el formulat que va mostrar el millor potencial per a formular C. sake en termes de manteniment de la viabilitat cel·lular i practicitat per a la seua aplicació en camp, degut a la seua ràpida solubilitat en aigua. / Marín Gozalbo, A. (2016). Coating forming agents as carriers of the biocontrol agent Candida sake with antifungal effect against Botrytis cinerea on grapes [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/71678 / TESIS

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