Cette thèse porte sur Sainte-Beuve et ses Causeries du Lundi, et notamment sur les annotations effectuées sur certains de ces textes. Dans l'introduction à ces annotations, nous avons développé plusieurs points qui aideront à mieux comprendre qui était Sainte-Beuve, et son immense travail critique. Considéré comme le plus grand critique du XIXe siècle, Sainte-Beuve a développé minutieusement, une méthode critique bien à lui. Un des éléments importants du travail critique de Sainte-Beuve est la littérature qu'il a accordée aux femmes, que ce soient des figures célèbres ou bien des personnes peu connues. C'est dans les salons littéraires auxquels il était convié que Sainte-Beuve a trouvé une grande partie de son inspiration, ce qui lui a permis de fonder son discours sur l'oral, la conversation et l'observation sur le terrain, cela a dû largement contribuer à l'élaboration de sa méthode critique. Les salons littéraires étaient devenus pour Sainte-Beuve tel un laboratoire scientifique, un espace dynamique de travail interactif. Une des caractéristiques principales de cette méthode est de ne pas séparer l'écrivain de son œuvre littéraire, afin de le saisir dans son actualité, dans sa contemporanéité. Sa méthode est dotée d'un caractère naturel, dans la mesure où il part de l'écrivain et de l'œuvre. Sainte-Beuve, dans son travail de critique, avait aussi un rôle social. Il a tenté de décrire, à travers ses portraits, les rapports sociaux entre les individus de son temps ou d'une époque passée. Il était un personnage très sensible, écrivant avec une grande liberté d'esprit. / This thesis deals with the Causeries du Lundi of Sainte-Beuve, and in particular with the annotations made on some of these texts. In the introduction to these annotations, we have developed several points that will help to better understand who Sainte-Beuve was, and his immense critical work. Considered the greatest critic of the nineteenth century, Sainte-Beuve has developed a unique critical method. One of the important elements of Sainte-Beuve's critical work is the literature he has dedicated to women, be they famous figures or not. It was in the literary salons to which he was invited that Sainte-Beuve took much of his inspiration, allowing him to base his speech on the oral language, conversations and field observation, which has contributed greatly to the elaboration of his critical method. For Sainte-Beuve, literary salons had become a scientific laboratory, a dynamic space of interactive work. One of the main features of this method is not to separate the writer from his literary work. His method has a natural character, insofar as it starts from the writer and the work. Sainte-Beuve, in his critical work, also had a social role. He has attempted to describe, through his portraits, the social relations between individuals of his time or those of a bygone era. He was a very sensitive character, writing with great freedom of mind.

Published Article / This exploratory study employed mainly quantitative and some elements of qualitative methods to analyse interview data emerged from both informal interviews and questionnaire on 280 salon operators. This study focused on the educational background of the owners of smaller businesses as a factor related to the engagement in the marketing research within hair salon business in Dr. R.S Mompati district in the North-West Province of South Africa. The findings revealed that even though majority of the operators did not engage in marketing research, those who collected information on certain marketing research activities may have been influenced by their educational background. Thus it is postulated that the higher the educational background, the more likely it is that hair salons conduct marketing research. The author discusses the implication of the findings for smaller businesses to engage in marketing research, the value of the study, recommendation for further research and limitations of the study.

This dissertation is a microanalytic investigation of professional communication in beauty salons in the United States and Japan. In particular, it centers on the analysis of a common, yet very important occurrence found in cosmetology sessions: what I call the "service-assessment sequence", in which service-provider and client determine whether or not the completed work in a given session is adequate. This is a crucial moment in the haircutting activity (and in other fields of the service industry) in order to bring a satisfactory closure to the session, as well as maintain a healthy relationship for future sessions, retain clients in general, and ensure client satisfaction overall. Using the methodological frameworks of microethnography and conversation analysis, I examine the moment-by-moment unfolding of interaction, focusing on how participants smoothly conduct the service-assessment sequence and how they achieve the successful completion of a service encounter through a number of tactics. The findings include: the participants' systematic coordination of talk and physical inspection through multiple second pair parts; the participants' coordination of talk and action to negotiate sequence closure; the participants' professional use of head nods in the middle of physical inspection and at sequence completion during service encounters in Japan; and the participants' employment of a unique combination of verbal and embodied actions to transform the event of revision into a mutual decision. These findings suggest several important aspects of professionalization in beauty salons. Notably, the professionals' ability to harmonize talk and action is a special trait. Also, despite the fundamental regularities, the service-assessment sequence is frequently adapted to specific circumstances of each beauty salon that may vary across different services and cultures. Finally, the production of professional assessments and agreements are achieved by the participants' constant work on dramatization through the use of various communicative resources. The study is applicable not only to the field of cosmetology, but to a range of professional-client interactions where people evaluate the quality of service with their subjective perspectives, enhancing our understanding of negotiation-in-interaction in the workplace and what it means to professionalize communication in such situations. / text

L’année 1900 marque la fin théorique du XIXe siècle, dont les dernières années se caractérisent encore trop souvent dans les esprits par l’opposition irréversible entre académisme et avant-garde. Si le premier est parfois synonyme de sclérose artistique et de peintres vieillissants, la seconde est toujours considérée de nos jours comme victime du système officiel des Beaux-Arts, ne trouvant de salut que dans les réseaux parallèles constitués par les galeries et marchands d’art. L’étude des expositions de peintures ayant eu lieu à Paris au cours de l’année 1900 tend à revenir sur ce présupposé. Les manifestations organisées relèvent de différentes structures, qu’il s’agisse de l’Exposition universelle, du Salon de la Société des Artistes français ou des marchands d’art indépendants néanmoins, toutefois l’analyse approfondie du mode de fonctionnement et du contenu des expositions permet de mettre en lumière les différentes passerelles qui existent à la fin du siècle entre la sphère officielle et la sphère mercantile. C’est donc en confrontant l’intégralité des expositions ayant eu lieu dans la capitale au cours de l’année 1900 que cette thèse propose de rendre compte de la complexité du monde artistique parisien à cette époque, des multiples facettes de l’école picturale française, et surtout de la perméabilité entre académisme, modernité et avant-garde. / The year 1900 marks the theoretical end of the 19th century, the last years of which still too often translate in people’s mind to irreversibly opposing Academism and Avant-garde. While the first one is sometimes synonymous of artistic sclerosis and ageing painters, the latter is still considered nowadays as a victim of the Fine Arts official system, finding its salvation only in parallel networks operated by galleries and art dealers. The study of painting exhibitions which took place in Paris during the year 1900 tends to go back on this presupposition. The shows are put together by different structures such as the Universal Exposition, the Salon of the Société des Artistes français or independent art dealers, yet a thorough analysis of their organization and content brings to light the various footbridges that exist between the official and the mercantile spheres at the turn of the century. It is thus by confronting the entirety of the Parisian painting exhibitions in the year 1900 that this thesis offers to render the complexity of the Parisian artistic world of the time, the multiple faces taken on by the pictorial French school, and above all the permeability between Academism, modernity and Avant-garde.

Tesi--Musicologie--Pavie, 2005. / Exemples musicaux. Bibliogr. p. 355-387. Index.

Mémoire 2ème année--Techniques de la documentation--Paris--Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, 1971. / Notes bibliogr.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 432-440). Also available on the Internet.

Fingernail sculptors may be exposed to ethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate in their workplace. The literature suggests that these chemicals may cause sensitization in individuals who are exposed to sufficient quantities. Cases of occupational asthma and allergic contact dermatitis have been reported among persons who work with these chemicals. Little personal exposure data exists on nail technicians' exposures to these chemicals, especially ethyl methacrylate. The literature suggests that the industrial hygiene practices used for methyl methacrylate also be applied to ethyl methacrylate since more is known about methyl methacrylate. Previous exposure studies have revealed relatively low exposures to these chemical. There are no U.S. occupational exposure limits for ethyl methacrylate. The objectives of this study were to measure nail sculptors' exposure to ethyl methacrylate and/or methyl methacrylate vapors in their personal breathing zone, describe the interior lay-out of the nail salon in relation to where the chemical vapors were generated, and quantify the volume of air supplied by the HVAC. This study was designed to further characterize and quantify nail technicians' exposures to ethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate. Two nail salons were identified as study sites. A total of five fingernail sculptors volunteered to participate. Personal sampling pumps and activated charcoal media were used to collect organic vapors in the personal breathing zones of the participants. The samples were collected for an entire work shift and analyzed by gas chromatography with dual flame ionization detection, per a modified OSHA 7 Protocol. The 8-hour time weighted averages ranged from <1 - 31 parts per million of ethyl methacrylate and <1 - 5.2 parts per million methyl methacrylate. These levels were similar to those already reported in the literature. These levels were below any U.S. occupational exposure level in place or suggested. Local exhaust ventilation appeared to make a difference, as did natural ventilation. The results of this study strongly suggested that methyl methacrylate was used at one salon despite a ban on its use in nail products.

Šiame darbe nagrinėjama vartotojų elgsena, įvertinama jos svarba aprangos salonų veikloje. Darbo tikslas - parengti vartotojų elgsenos tyrimo teorines prielaidas ir ištirti Šiaulių aprangos salonų klientų elgseną, identifikuojant pagrindinius ją įtakojančius veiksnius. Darbe apžvelgta teorinė literatūra, kuri padėjo atsakyti į pagrindinius temos klausimus: teorinėje dalyje apibrėžta vartotojų elgsenos sąvoka, apžvelgta vartotojų elgsenos tyrimų svarba, išnagrinėti vartotojų elgseną įtakojantys išoriniai ir vidiniai veiksniai, išskirti pagrindiniai vartotojų tipai ir jų elgsenos bruožai, išanalizuotas aprangos gaminių kokybės ir asortimento poveikis vartotojui. Praktinėje dalyje suformuotas vartotojų elgsenos tyrimo instrumentarijus, aprašyta metodika, išanalizuoti tyrimo metu gauti duomenys. Remiantis tyrimo rezultatais, nustatyti aprangos salonų veiksmai, kaip jie galėtų geriau prisiderinti prie klientų poreikių, atsižvelgti į jų lūkesčius, parinkti tinkamus rinkodaros tikslus ir priemones bei paveikti savo vartotojų elgseną ir pasiekti ilgalaikę sėkmę versle. Apžvelgus visą surinktą informaciją, literatūros šaltinius bei atlikus tyrimo metu gautų duomenų analizę, darbo pabaigoje pateiktos apibendrintos vertinimo išvados ir rekomendacijos. Šis darbas, supažindinantis su vartotojų elgsenos tyrimų svarba ir jų praktiniu taikymu, gali būti naudingas rinkodaros srities, ryšių su visuomene specialistams ir visiems kitiems, besidomintiems vartotojų elgsenos klausimais. / In this work the consumers' behaviour is being analyzed, and its importance in the clothers' salons practice is being evaluated. The goal of the work - to prepare the theoretical assumptions of the consumers' behaviour research and to analyze the consumers' behaviour in the clothers' salons of Šiauliai, by identifying the main factors, which have some effect on it. The theoretical literature, used in the work helped to answer the main ąuestions of the theme: in the theoretical part the concept of the consumers' behaviour is being described, the importance of the consumers' behaviour research is being reviewed, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which are effecting the consumers' behaviour are being analyzed, the main types of consumers and their features of behaviour are being excluded, the alternative consumers' behaviour research technique, the quality of clothers' and assortments' pressure to consumer are being analyzed. In the practical part the consumers' behaviour research instrumentation is being formulated, the techniques described, the data, received in the process of this research is being analyzed. According to the study results, the clothers' salons actions are being defined, the way it could better meet the consumer expectations, to pay attention to their requirements, to chose the proper marketing aims and measures, as well as to influence the consumers' behaviour and to attain the enduring success in business. After the overlooking the collected information... [to full text]

The space of appearance emerges from the practice of speech and action in the presence of others. Although it predates the public sphere as a formal construction, it exists in the context of a particular place. With the transformation of the ancien regime and the emergence of the bourgeois public sphere, the meaning of public and private was obscured by the rise of the 'social.' The public realm was transformed from a space of disclosure to a realm defined by the necessities of survival---a process by which speech and action lost much of their former power. In the spectacular relations of the ancien regime, public ritual revolved around the royal bed. Through the analogy of language and architecture, seventeenth-century aristocratic women defined new patterns of social practice. In the convergence of the spectacular relations of the court and the world of letters, a space of appearance arose. At the turn of the century, Salon discourse moved from the daybed to the sofa of Rococo salons. Responding to emerging dichotomies, discourse, architecture and Salon practice took on gendered implications. Its decline as a space of appearance coincided with the emergence of the boudoir. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)