The general purpose of this study is to turn to the possibilities of a second focus of research into the adoption process, that is, to what can be learned about the natural mother. The particular purpose of this study is threefold: (1) to identify the socio-economic characteristics of those women contacting a public adoption agency for the placement of their children with prospective adoptive families; (2) to identify and examine the sociological factors which appear to influence the natural mother to wither keep or surrender her child; and (3) to determine if the women contacting the agency in 1969 represent the same socio-economic characteristics as those women who contacted the agency in 1959.

Digital elevation models (DEMs) are used recurrently to obtain geomorphological information with which interpretations are made regarding the tectonic evolution of a region. Most studies evaluating the accuracy of these DEMs focus on comparison with terrestrial GPS datapoints and other vertical and horizontal accuracy references. Nevertheless, few studies have used geomorphological analysis for DEM validation, and none have been carried out in Peru. This study seeks to evaluate the performance of free access DEMs with 1 arc-second (30 m) resolution: SRTM3, ASTER GDEM3, ALOS World 3D 30m (AW3D30), Copernicus DEM, and the 0.4 arcsecond (12 m) commercial DEM TanDEM-X. The analyses applied in the present study were channel profile analysis and hypsometry. These were applied in the region of the Moyobamba watershed, a tectonically active piggyback basin, on three different scales: the complete basin, the sub-basins of the tributaries and the individual tributary rivers, separated into steady-state segments when necessary. At the scale of the complete basin channel profile analysis gave solid results regardless of the DEMs. Copernicus DEM has the least amount of error due to its river flow corrections. However, at the level of sub-basins and individual rivers AW3D30 shows less noise in high slope tributaries and shows less variability in the concavity index. ASTER GDEM3 had the worst performance on each scale of analysis. Hypsometry results did not vary significantly between DEMs. / Los modelos digitales de elevación (DEMs) son utilizados de forma recurrente como medio para obtener información geomorfológica con la cual se realizan interpretaciones respecto a la actividad tectónica de una región. La mayoría de los estudios que evalúan la precisión de estos DEMs se enfocan en la comparación con puntos GPS y otras referencias de precisión vertical y horizontal. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han usado análisis tectono-geomorfológicos para su validación, y ninguno ha sido realizado en el Perú. En este estudio se busca evaluar el rendimiento de DEMs de acceso libre de 1 arco-segundo (30 m) de resolución: SRTM3, ASTER GDEM3, ALOS World 3D 30m (AW3D30), Copernicus DEM, y el DEM comercial de 0.4 arco-segundos (12 m) TanDEM-X; utilizando análisis de geomorfología tectónica. Los análisis utilizados en el presente estudio fueron el análisis de perfiles fluviales y la hipsometría. Estos fueron aplicados en la región de la cuenca de Moyobamba, una cuenca piggyback tectónicamente activa en tres escalas diferentes: la cuenca completa, las subcuencas de los tributarios y los ríos tributarios individualmente, separados en segmentos en estado estable. Se observó que a escala de la cuenca completa el análisis de perfiles fluviales ofrece resultados sólidos independientemente de los DEMs. Copernicus DEM posee la menor cantidad de error gracias a las correcciones de flujo de ríos que este posee. Sin embargo, a nivel de subcuencas y ríos individuales AW3D30 muestra menos ruido en los tributarios de pendiente alta y tiene una menor variabilidad de los índices de concavidad. ASTER GDEM3 tuvo el peor desempeño en cada escala de análisis. Los resultados de la hipsometría no varían significativamente entre DEMs.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 18-21, 2004 / Town & Country Resort, San Diego, California / The use of traditional telemetry decommutation equipment can be easily expanded to create a real-time pulse code modulation (PCM) telemetry data recorder. However, there are two areas that create unique demands where architectural investment is required: the PCM output stage and the storage stage. This paper details the efforts to define the requirements and limits of a traditional telemetry system when used as a real-time, multistream PCM data recorder with time tagging.

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The following thesis argues that in order to reach underrepresented communities, preservation efforts must be engaged at the local level. A way to begin to do this is to utilize analytical methods that find value in the ordinary and affirm the dynamic and referential character of buildings and the values we ascribe to them. Applying these methods to increasingly challenging preservation projects can help shape a broader yet more acute representation of our shared heritage. The thesis begins with a review of the American Latino Heritage Initiative within the framework of the Westside neighborhood of San Antonio, Texas. Intended as a large-scale effort to bring attention to the role of “Latinos” in the U.S., the initiative is evaluated for its efficacy at the local level. The interface of national goals and local needs, general characterizations and specific qualities, and standardized processes with particular circumstances brings forth the challenges of preserving places, which the current preservation system was not designed to protect. Mexican and Mexican American communities established an important cultural and physical center in San Antonio at the beginning of the 20th century. While some of the physical remnants of this rich history have been lost, others endure in the people and buildings that inhabit the Westside. Valuable local preservation initiatives have helped record their stories and highlight their significance. Nevertheless, formal preservation organizations have, until recently, failed to recognize the significance of the Mexican American heritage of the Westside. In recent years, the San Antonio Office of Historic Preservation and local groups have collaborated to begin to designate landmarks in the Westside. This thesis examines five of these buildings with the intent of identifying what makes them stand out as important landmarks in the community. Analytical mapping considers the spatial relationships between the buildings and their surrounding areas, and temporal mapping examines the change in use of each case study. A typology of values is generated from this analysis categorizing the distinguishing characteristics of the buildings. Together these exploratory methods start to define a language that goes beyond historical and aesthetic significance to recognize social, cultural and use values.

Site index curves were constructed for the Emory oak (Ouercus emoryi) woodlands of the San Rafael Valley in southeastern Arizona. The woodlands primarily consisted of trees that were of sprout origin. Growth was rapid for 10 years, moderate from 10 to 20 years, and slow after 20 years. No trees in the study area were more than 40 feet tall. Stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between site index and site factors. Important variables included available soil water holding capacity, percent volume of coarse fragments, radiation index, percent sand, litter depth, and soil pH. Two models were developed; the r² values were 0.56 and 0.49, respectively. Analysis of variance was used to test for differences between site index on different soil types and slope positions. All statistical tests were conducted using a 0.10 level of significance. The sample consisted of 100 trees. Most of the factors were involved with availability of water to the tree roots. Emory oak grows in a dryland area where water is a limiting factor. Therefore, the effect that soil and terrain has on the availability of water to tree roots is an important impact on the site index for Emory oak woodlands.

The terms "core" and "periphery" have a long history of use for describing regional variability in the archaeological record. Contemporary theories for the late prehistoric in the Greater Southwest often follow this tradition, postulating underlying social processes that created this division. This dissertation examines the assumptions and the evidence for theories of long-distance social interaction by considering the prehistory of the Northern Sierra, a region in the south-central Greater Southwest located in northwestern Chihuahua, northeastern Sonora, southwestern New Mexico, and southeastern Arizona. Paquime (sometimes called Casas Grandes) in Chihuahua is widely considered to be the core of late prehistoric developments in the Northern Sierra. The history of research and interpretation of the region are carefully considered, an analysis that demonstrates the inadequacies of current data and theory. New frameworks will be needed to resolve disputed issues. Towards this end, evidence of interaction at Paquime is examined by analyzing the quantity and distribution of nonlocal ceramics within the site. These probable exchange items are found to be relatively rare and their distribution diffuse, indicating acquisition was largely casual and infrequent. Attention is then focused on the postulated periphery by examining the upper San Bernardino Valley in the extreme southeastern corner of Arizona. Data collected for this examination includes survey within the Valley and excavation of the late prehistoric Boss Ranch Site (AZ FF:7:10 (ASM)). The interpretive concerns that are addressed include (1) population movements, (2) external influences on settlement systems, (3) trade and interaction, and (4) the influences of subsistence systems. The analysis revealed no evidence of population intrusion from the "core" and few aspects of local material culture that could be ascribed to Paquime. Exchange items are rare, and the probable sources include many areas besides the zone around Paquime. Furthermore, excavation data suggest that settlements may have been occupied repeatedly for short periods. This undermines notions of stable core and periphery interaction by indicating the absence of surplus crops, stable social alliances, and hierarchical settlement systems in the region.

In order to understand the ecological characteristics of three dry farming systems in the semiarid San Luis Potosi Plateau, Mexico, a one year study was conducted. The systems studied were a purely rainfed field, a field on an alluvial fan irrigated with runoff water, and a field in a bottomland irrigated with water diverted from an ephemeral stream. Three treatments, farmed, edge and unfarmed, were established in a Randomized Block design, with three replications, for each system. The major conclusions of this research were the following. During the summer, climate is resposible for a concentration of the communities's production and reproduction. Climate is also of paramount importance to agriculture. Rainy periods, on the other hand, decreased the activity of animals. None of the farming systems had detrimental effect on soil fertility. Only slight modifications of soil temperature and air temperature and humidity resulted from farming. A general overview of all the results did not provide evidence that all farming systems decrease biotic richness and diversity. The effects depended on the type of system, its isolation, and the natural vegetation adjacent to it. Herbs were enhanced by farming only when the natural system was relatively free of them. Farming did not have important effects on invertebrates. Birds were negativelly affected by farming, whenever the unfarmed areas included an arboreal stratum. Also, insectivorous birds responded differently than non-insectivores. Rodents were affected negatively by farming in two of the systems, and this could be linked to habitat simplicity. In one case, dense herb cover was associated with very high rodent populations. In general the data adjusted to the hypothesis that structurally more heterogeneous agroecosystems hold more diverse biotas. The concepts of "farmland biota" and "edge effect" were not supported by this study. Edges were ocasionally superior, and only when they included more complex plant communities than either side. A mosaic of heterogeneous farmlands and natural vegetation attracts certain rodents and birds, increasing environmental diversity.

Memoria para optar al título de Geógrafo / Las presiones de las nuevas corrientes turísticas mundiales y nacionales, gestadas en las dos últimas décadas se han traducido en un creciente número de proyectos y propuestas de Planes de Desarrollo Turístico (PLADETUR) en comuna rurales y urbanas, mediante el impulso de agentes externos como ONGs, empresas privadas, instituciones públicas y de cooperación internacional. La actividad turística se ha manifestado en gran parte de la región metropolitana, influyendo en una extensa cantidad de sectores que presentan potencialidades en su territorio, siendo atractivos turísticos, ejemplos tales como monumentos históricos, nacionales, arquitectónicos, paisajísticos, culturales y naturales. El turismo, es una actividad dinámica que está integrándose en San Bernando, comuna que posee una gran diversidad de atractivos culturales y naturales, que están insertos en sectores que poseen una riqueza histórica e identitaria. Actualmente, la comunidad se está interesando aún más por conocer, preservar y cuidar su patrimonio local, sin embargo, es necesaria la realización de un trabajo colaborativo entre actores públicos y privados. La presente investigación, se aborda a través de bases geográficas, con la finalidad de elaborar una Propuesta de Plan de Desarrollo Turístico (PLADETUR) para la comuna de San Bernardo, que posee características que la perfilan con el potencial para el desarrollo del turismo a nivel local e intercomunal. La diversidad de elementos que son parte de la identidad y cultura vernácula de su territorio, han perdurado a través del tiempo, pero sin duda alguna, se debe articular a través del Municipio para validar los intereses y demandas de los principales grupos de influencia en torno a la actividad turística, la cual es fundamental para el crecimiento interno a nivel local. Los resultados obtenidos, se enmarcan en la elaboración de un diagnóstico de la actividad turística, dando cuenta de las condiciones existentes en el territorio, referidas principalmente a los atractivos turísticos y planta turística. Se diseñaron los lineamientos estratégicos para estructurar la elaboración de la propuesta de PLADETUR en San Bernardo. La comparación de los Planes de Desarrollo Turístico existentes en las comunas de la provincia del Maipo, permitió determinar aquellos aspectos que había que mejorar y proponer para la futura propuesta en San Bernardo. Por último, se elaboró y ejecutó 3 circuitos patrimoniales, los cuales muestran los atributos históricos, atractivos culturales y naturales de la comuna. Estas rutas son: Ruta Ferroviaria, Ruta Arqueológica y Ruta Rural. Implementados a través del proyecto San Becleta “Cultura y Patrimonio sobre Ruedas”, financiado durante el 2014 – 2015, con el 2% a la cultura del FNDR, del Gobierno Regional Metropolitano. La modalidad y desarrollo de las rutas, fue a través de la utilización de la bicicleta como medio de transporte, ya que es necesario contar con una metodología atractiva de turismo, que transmita conocimientos y enseñe los conceptos modernos de protección ambiental, conciencia y valoración del patrimonio cultural local, a su vez fomentar el hábito deportivo y estilo de vida saludable, a través de cicletadas culturales como una nueva estrategia de desarrollo y crecimiento para la comuna.