Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós–Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2013. / Submitted by Cristiane Gomides (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2013-11-18T20:25:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cris.pdf: 1316257 bytes, checksum: 5c387169c22532c414cb69d6dc449319 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Angelica Miranda (angelicacdm@gmail.com) on 2013-11-20T21:47:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cris.pdf: 1316257 bytes, checksum: 5c387169c22532c414cb69d6dc449319 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-20T21:47:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cris.pdf: 1316257 bytes, checksum: 5c387169c22532c414cb69d6dc449319 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Os ecossistemas de marisma desenvolvem-se na zona entremarés de costas protegidas onde as comunidades vegetais são dominadas por plantas herbáceas. Estas áreas estão sujeitas a inundações periódicas sendo possível visualizar uma estrutura espacial em mosaico relacionada a distintas condições de inundação. Os insetos residem de forma permanente nas marismas sendo o grupo mais diversificado e mais abundante e considerados consumidores secundários nestas áreas. Uma elevada riqueza de Formicidae é observada nesses ambientes. Invertebrados terrestres residentes em ecossistemas periodicamente inundados requerem estratégias especiais de sobrevivência como a migração vertical. As formigas apresentam dietas alimentares muito diversificadas e exploram constantemente o solo e a vegetação em busca de alimento, sendo, frequentemente, atraídas por iscas. O objetivo do estudo foi Investigar a composição de espécies de três comunidades de formigas, ao longo de um ciclo anual, nas diferentes zonas de alagamento de marismas, assim como avaliar dois tipos diferentes de iscas atrativas em relação às espécies de formigas capturadas nas marismas do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas entre julho de 2011 e julho de 2012, na Ilha da Pólvora, Ilha da Torotama e Molhe Oeste da Barra de Rio Grande. Em cada área foram demarcadas seis transecções, ao longo das quais foram dispostas dez iscas (cinco de cada tipo). As iscas foram acondicionadas em envelopes de papel laminado e expostas por 60 minutos. Foram calculadas as frequências relativas e a constância faunística das espécies amostradas (constante, acessória e acidental). As espécies foram classificadas em três grupos de acordo com seus hábitos alimentares segundo uma análise de agrupamento por similaridade. A análise da significância das diferenças entre os grupos definidos na análise de agrupamento e o teste de hipóteses sobre as diferenças na distribuição das espécies entre os pisos da marisma foram calculados através de uma análise de semelhanças ANOSIM (one way). Para verificar a existência de relação entre a frequência das espécies e o nível de alagamento da lagoa foi realizada uma análise de correlação linear simples. Foram capturadas 47.661 formigas e 34 espécies, sendo 33 atraídas por sardinha e 28 por mel. A Ilha da Torotama e o Molhe Oeste da Barra demonstraram diferenças nos hábitos de forrageio das espécies. Foi observada, em média, uma maior preferência das espécies pela isca de sardinha na Ilha da Pólvora e no Molhe Oeste da Barra. Para a Ilha da Torotama não houve diferença na preferência pelas iscas. O piso alto das marismas exibiu 31 espécies, o médio 29 e o baixo, 18. O Molhe Oeste da Barra apresentou o maior número de espécies no piso baixo, 17. Não houve diferença significativa entre os pisos e entre as áreas, embora exista certo grau de dissimilaridade. As espécies que habitavam os pisos mais baixos exibiam estratégias de nidificação para residirem nesses locais. A riqueza de espécies presentes nessas áreas demonstra a importância desses ambientes. / Salt marshes ecosystems develop in the intertidal zone from protected coasts and they have plant communities dominated by herbs. These areas are susceptible to periodic flooding, which result in a mosaic-like spatial structure related to distinct flooding conditions. Insects are permanent residents of salt marshes and represent the most diversified and abundant group, and most are considered secondary consumers. These environments present an elevated richness of Formicidae. Terrestrial invertebrates living in periodically flooded ecosystems require special survival strategies such as vertical migration. Ants show quite diversified diets and they frequently explore the soil and vegetation searching for food, thus, they can be attracted by baits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the species composition of three ants’ communities, along an annual cycle, in the different flooding zones from three salt marshes. Additionally two different types of ant baits were evaluate concerning their attractively in the salt marshes of Patos Lagoon estuary, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. The samplings were carried out between July, 2011 and July, 2012, in the sites of Pólvora Island, Torotama Island and Molhe Oeste (jetties in the estuarine mounth). There were delimited in each site, six transects were located and in each transect. Ten baits (five of each type) were distributed. The baits were packaged into laminated paper foil and exposed for 60 minutes. The relative frequencies and constancy criteria of the sampled species were calculated (constant, accessory and accidental). The species were classified into three groups according to their feeding habits following a grouping analysis by similarity. The significance analysis of the differences between the groups defined in the cluster analysis and the hypothesis test on the differences in the species distribution between the salt marshes strata were calculated by an analysis of similarity ANOSIM (one way). Intending to verify the presence of a relation between the species frequencies and the lagoon flooding level, there was realized a simple linear correlation. There were captured 47.661 ants within 34 species and, from these, 33 were attracted by sardine and 28 by honey. Torotama Island and East Breakwater have shown differences in the species foraging habits. There was observed in average a higher preference by the species for the sardine bait in Pólvora Island and East Breakwater. Regarding Torotama Island, there was no difference in the preference by the baits. The high stratum of salt marshes exhibited 31 species, the middle, 29, and the low, 18. The East Breakwater evinced 17 species, which was the highest number in the low stratum. No significant difference was observed among the strata and the areas, although there was a certain degree of dissimilarity. The species have chosen the high stratum as favorite and the species inhabiting lower strata evinced nesting strategies to reach these spots. The diversity of species living in these areas evinces the importance of these environments.

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Masters in Technology: Marketing, Durban University of Technology, 2007. / The sardine run event has been hailed as a big tourism event, yet little is known about how the sardine run affects the economy as a tourism event. Although there are numerous articles to be found on the role of tourism events in economic upliftment, very little research has been done in South Africa on this particular event, especially relating to the indigenous community involvement and the financial gain achieved from the sardine run. The study was conducted in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) in the Ugu districts of Hibberdene and Margate, using qualitative and quantitative research methods. The sample for the study consisted of three hundred and twenty nine respondents above the age of 16. The respondents were selected using convenience sampling and had to complete a questionnaire with the assistance of an interviewer. The objective of the research was to determine the extent to which the indigenous community's services are being marketed during the sardine run events, and how the run contributes to the economic well-being of the inhabitants of the area. The results of the research revealed that a large percentage of the respondents knew about the sardine run, with males generally having a higher awareness level than females. This finding is important because females often play a major role as breadwinners in their families. The fact that females take a less active role in the sardine run indicates an opportunity that can be exploited by those involved in the sardine run, and by local governmental and non-governmental organisations whose task it is to improve the social and economic well being of the community. The main issue was that of participation, which is low. A low participation rate has implications for skills development and reflects an opportunity for central and local government, training and educational institutions, organisations involved in the sardine run and local businesses to provide training for unemployed or under-employed youth. / M

Dissertation submitted in compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology in the Department of Marketing, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / The dissertation presents an overview on market segmentation established on the basis of collection of information. The study illustrates the important role of information in tourism and examines the socio-economic impact of the sardine run event and the marketing strategy in the South Coast Region of KwaZulu -Natal. A survey of the tourists at the sardine run event was conducted. There is no reason to divide customers and prospects into separate groups if they are going to be treated the same. This research examines the nature of what might be the overall personality type of the tourist and how this overall picture can be used to identify individual characteristics much more coherently and use the information to develop the marketing strategy. In line with the overview of major attempts to measure the effectiveness of a marketing strategy, this dissertation suggests that segmentation is imperative for strategy development. One key goal of each information strategy lies in an optimal matching between segmentation and marketing strategy. The findings of the study revealed that the economic impact of an event normally focuses on changes in sales, income and employment in a region as a result of tourism activity. Secondly, this research proposes that income influences tourists’ spending patterns. Since almost no research has been conducted on the analyses of the socio-economic impact and the marketing strategy of the sardine run, this research should contribute to knowledge about the target market and the socio- economic impact of the event.

Dissertation submitted in compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology in the Department of Marketing, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / The dissertation presents an overview on market segmentation established on the basis of collection of information. The study illustrates the important role of information in tourism and examines the socio-economic impact of the sardine run event and the marketing strategy in the South Coast Region of KwaZulu -Natal. A survey of the tourists at the sardine run event was conducted. There is no reason to divide customers and prospects into separate groups if they are going to be treated the same. This research examines the nature of what might be the overall personality type of the tourist and how this overall picture can be used to identify individual characteristics much more coherently and use the information to develop the marketing strategy. In line with the overview of major attempts to measure the effectiveness of a marketing strategy, this dissertation suggests that segmentation is imperative for strategy development. One key goal of each information strategy lies in an optimal matching between segmentation and marketing strategy. The findings of the study revealed that the economic impact of an event normally focuses on changes in sales, income and employment in a region as a result of tourism activity. Secondly, this research proposes that income influences tourists’ spending patterns. Since almost no research has been conducted on the analyses of the socio-economic impact and the marketing strategy of the sardine run, this research should contribute to knowledge about the target market and the socio- economic impact of the event.

Durante as últimas décadas a preocupação do consumidor em relação à qualidade dos alimentos cresceu consideravelmente, juntamente com a procura por alimentos funcionais ou componentes alimentares ativos fisiologicamente, também designados bioativos. Paralelamente objetiva-se a redução do emprego de produtos sintéticos em alimentos industrializados fortalecendo o apelo de que o alimento deve desempenhar funções terapêuticas e ainda não trazer riscos à saúde. Os peixes são alimentos que atendem bem a alguns desses requisitos já que possuem ácidos graxos poliinsaturados essenciais omega-3. A sardinha é um excelente exemplo. Em diversas investigações foi verificado que esses ácidos graxos têm um efeito cardioprotetor, além de estarem ligados à redução de susceptibilidade a tumores malignos. Muito se fala sobre a importância do aproveitamento de lipídeos de pescado e seus derivados para a alimentação humana, mas é necessário um balanço de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados na dieta assim como de antioxidantes que evitem a oxidação lipídica já que esta pode causar importantes danos biológicos, começando com o comprometimento desses componentes. A deterioração oxidativa dos lipídeos é uma das reações mais importantes e freqüentes nos alimentos onde estão presentes, inclusive nos peixes e isso tem determinado uma série de estudos ligados à ação dos radicais livres no organismo ou no alimento e principalmente sobre os agentes que neutralizam essas substâncias altamente reativas. Juntamente com a preferência do consumidor por produtos mais saudáveis pode ser notado um aumento do interesse pelo uso de antioxidantes naturais e de pesquisas nessa área. Na procura por alimentos mais saudáveis de uma maneira geral, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo trazer a sua contribuição ao conhecimento da funcionalidade das ervas como antioxidantes naturais. / During the last decades the consumer\'s concern in relation to the quality of the foods grew considerably. On those years the use of harmful components to the health was avoided as well as the search for functional foods or physiologically active components, also designated bioactives enhanced. Nowadays, the industry aims at a lesser use of synthetic products in foods. Therefore, food should carry through therapeutic functions and still not to present any risk to health. Fish attain these requirements well by furnishing the essential omega-3 polynsaturated fatty acids to the diet. Sardines are an excellent example. In several investigations it was verified that these fatty acids have a cardio-protector effect and they are related to malignant tumors incidence reduction. When administratin fish lipids to the diet, it is important to remember that a balance between polynsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants content is necessary in order to avoid lipid oxidation since it can cause important biological damages starting with the reduction of these essential lipids. Oxidative deterioration of lipids is one of the most important and frequent reactions presents in foods including fishes and has determined a series of studies linked to the free radicals behavior in the organism or in the food and to the identification of the agents that neutralize the highly reactive substances. Together with the consumer\'s preference for healthier products, an increase of the interest for the use of natural antioxidants can be observed as well as new researches in this area. In the search for healthier foods in a general way, the present work had as objective to contribute to the knowledge of the functionality of herbs as natural antioxidants.

Durante as últimas décadas a preocupação do consumidor em relação à qualidade dos alimentos cresceu consideravelmente, juntamente com a procura por alimentos funcionais ou componentes alimentares ativos fisiologicamente, também designados bioativos. Paralelamente objetiva-se a redução do emprego de produtos sintéticos em alimentos industrializados fortalecendo o apelo de que o alimento deve desempenhar funções terapêuticas e ainda não trazer riscos à saúde. Os peixes são alimentos que atendem bem a alguns desses requisitos já que possuem ácidos graxos poliinsaturados essenciais omega-3. A sardinha é um excelente exemplo. Em diversas investigações foi verificado que esses ácidos graxos têm um efeito cardioprotetor, além de estarem ligados à redução de susceptibilidade a tumores malignos. Muito se fala sobre a importância do aproveitamento de lipídeos de pescado e seus derivados para a alimentação humana, mas é necessário um balanço de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados na dieta assim como de antioxidantes que evitem a oxidação lipídica já que esta pode causar importantes danos biológicos, começando com o comprometimento desses componentes. A deterioração oxidativa dos lipídeos é uma das reações mais importantes e freqüentes nos alimentos onde estão presentes, inclusive nos peixes e isso tem determinado uma série de estudos ligados à ação dos radicais livres no organismo ou no alimento e principalmente sobre os agentes que neutralizam essas substâncias altamente reativas. Juntamente com a preferência do consumidor por produtos mais saudáveis pode ser notado um aumento do interesse pelo uso de antioxidantes naturais e de pesquisas nessa área. Na procura por alimentos mais saudáveis de uma maneira geral, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo trazer a sua contribuição ao conhecimento da funcionalidade das ervas como antioxidantes naturais. / During the last decades the consumer\'s concern in relation to the quality of the foods grew considerably. On those years the use of harmful components to the health was avoided as well as the search for functional foods or physiologically active components, also designated bioactives enhanced. Nowadays, the industry aims at a lesser use of synthetic products in foods. Therefore, food should carry through therapeutic functions and still not to present any risk to health. Fish attain these requirements well by furnishing the essential omega-3 polynsaturated fatty acids to the diet. Sardines are an excellent example. In several investigations it was verified that these fatty acids have a cardio-protector effect and they are related to malignant tumors incidence reduction. When administratin fish lipids to the diet, it is important to remember that a balance between polynsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants content is necessary in order to avoid lipid oxidation since it can cause important biological damages starting with the reduction of these essential lipids. Oxidative deterioration of lipids is one of the most important and frequent reactions presents in foods including fishes and has determined a series of studies linked to the free radicals behavior in the organism or in the food and to the identification of the agents that neutralize the highly reactive substances. Together with the consumer\'s preference for healthier products, an increase of the interest for the use of natural antioxidants can be observed as well as new researches in this area. In the search for healthier foods in a general way, the present work had as objective to contribute to the knowledge of the functionality of herbs as natural antioxidants.

Le nord du système du Courant de Humboldt (NHCS), le long des côtes péruviennes, est l'une des régions océanique les plus productives au monde. Il représente moins de 0.1% de la surface des océans mondiaux mais contribue actuellement à plus de 10% des captures mondiales en poissons, avec l’anchois Engraulis ringens comme espèce emblématique. Comparé aux autres systèmes d’upwelling de bord Est, la forte productivité en poissons ne peut être expliquée par une productivité primaire plus élevée. Par contre, le NCHS est la région où El Niño, et la variabilité climatique en général est la plus notable. D’autre part, les eaux de surface oxygénées recouvrent une zone de minimum d’oxygène extrêmement intense et superficielle. L’objectif principal de ce travail est de mieux comprendre les relations trophiques au sein du NHCS en combinant l'analyse de contenus stomacaux et d'isotopes stables. Cette étude se focalise sur une variété d’organismes allant des bas niveaux trophiques comme le zooplancton aux prédateurs supérieurs (oiseaux et les otaries à fourrure). Elle combine des études de contenus stomacaux ponctuelles et sur le long terme d’espèces clés telles que l’anchois et la sardine Sardinops sagax et une analyse plus globale, basée sur l'utilisation d'isotopes stables et considérant l’ensemble du réseau trophique dans les années récentes (2008 – 2012). Les analyses des contenus stomacaux d'anchois et de sardine ont permis de revisiter l'écologie de ces espèces. En effet, bien que le phytoplancton domine largement les contenus stomacaux en termes d’abondance numérique, le zooplancton est de loin la composante alimentaire la plus importante pour ces deux espèces en termes de carbone. Dans le cas de l’anchois, les euphausiacés contribuent à plus de 67.5% du carbone ingéré, suivis par les copépodes (26.3%). Sélectionner les proies les plus grandes telles que les euphausiacés procure un avantage énergétique pour l’anchois dans cet écosystème où les carences en oxygène imposent de fortes contraintes métaboliques aux poissons pélagiques. La sardine se nourrit de zooplancton plus petit que l’anchois (copépodes plus petits et moins d’euphausiacés). Ainsi, la compétition trophique entre les sardines et les anchois est minimisée dans le NSCH par le partage de la ressource zooplancton selon sa taille, comme cela a déjà été montré dans d’autres écosystèmes. Ces résultats remettent en question la compréhension première de la position des petits poissons pélagiques (zooplanctonophage et non phytoplanctonophage) dans la chaine trophique ce qui implique de reconsidérer le fonctionnement et les modèles trophiques du NCHS. Afin d’obtenir une compréhension plus globale de la position trophique relative des principaux composants du NHCS une approche basée sur des analyses d’isotopes stables (δ13C et δ15N) a été utilisée. Pour ce faire, la signature isotopique d'échantillons de 13 groupes taxonomiques (zooplancton, poissons, calmars et prédateurs supérieurs) prélevés entre 2008 et 2011 a été déterminée. Les valeurs de δ15N obtenues sont fortement impactées par l’espèce, la taille et la latitude. Le long de la cote péruvienne, la zone de minimum d’oxygène devient en effet plus intense et plus superficielle au sud de ~7.5ºS impactant fortement la valeur de δ15N de la ligne de base. Nous avons donc utilisé un modèle linéaire à effet mixte prenant en compte les effets latitude et taille afin de prédire la position trophique relative des composants clés de l’écosystème. Ces analyses isotopiques confirment les résultats issus des contenus stomacaux sur le régime alimentaire de l’anchois et mettent en évidence l’importance potentielle d’une composante souvent négligée de l’écosystème, la galathée pélagique Pleuroncodes monodon. En effet, nos résultats supportent l’hypothèse selon laquelle cette espèce s’alimenterait en partie sur les oeufs et larves d’anchois, menaçant ainsi les premiers stades de vie des espèces exploitées. [...] / The northern Humboldt Current system (NHCS) off Peru is one of the most productive world marine regions. It represents less than 0.1% of the world ocean surface but presently sustains about 10% of the world fish catch, with the Peruvian anchovy or anchoveta Engraulis ringens as emblematic fish resource. Compared with other eastern boundary upwelling systems, the higher fish productivity of the NHCS cannot be explained by a corresponding higher primary productivity. On another hand, the NHCS is the region where El Niño, and climate variability in general, is most notable. Also, surface oxygenated waters overlie an intense and extremely shallow Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ). In this context, the main objective of this study is to better understand the trophic flows in the NHCS using both stomach content and stable isotope analyses. The study focuses on a variety of organisms from low trophic levels such as zooplankton to top predators (seabirds and fur seals). The approach combines both long-term and specific studies on emblematic species such as anchoveta, and sardine Sardinops sagax and a more inclusive analysis considering the 'global' food web in the recent years (2008 –2012) using stable isotope analysis.Revisiting anchovy and sardine we show that whereas phytoplankton largely dominated anchoveta and sardine diets in terms of numerical abundance, the carbon content of prey items indicated that zooplankton was by far the most important dietary component. Indeed for anchovy euphausiids contributed 67.5% of dietary carbon, followed by copepods (26.3%).Selecting the largest prey, the euphausiids, provide an energetic advantage for anchoveta in its ecosystem where oxygen depletion imposes strong metabolic constrain to pelagic fish. Sardine feed on smaller zooplankton than do anchoveta, with sardine diet consisting of smaller copepods and fewer euphausiids than anchoveta diet. Hence, trophic competition between sardine and anchovy in the northern Humboldt Current system is minimized by their partitioning of the zooplankton food resource based on prey size, as has been reported in other systems.These results suggest an ecological role for pelagic fish that challenges previous understanding of their position in the foodweb (zooplanktophagous instead of phytophagous), the functioning and the trophic models of the NHCS.Finally to obtain a more comprehensive vision of the relative trophic position of NHCS main components we used stable isotope analyses. For that purpose we analyzed the δ13C and δ15N stable isotope values of thirteen taxonomic categories collected off Peru from 2008 - 2011, i.e., zooplankton, fish, squids and air-breathing top predators. The δ15N isotope signature was strongly impacted by the species, the body length and the latitude. Along the Peruvian coast, the OMZ get more intense and shallow south of ~7.5ºS impacting the baseline nitrogen stable isotopes. Employing a linear mixed-effects modelling approach taking into account the latitudinal and body length effects, we provide a new vision of the relative trophic position of key ecosystem components. Also we confirm stomach content-based results on anchoveta Engraulis ringens and highlight the potential remarkable importance of an often neglected ecosystem component, the squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon. Indeed, our results support the hypothesis according to which this species forage to some extent on fish eggs and larvae and can thus predate on the first life stages of exploited species. However, the δ13C values of these two species suggest that anchoveta and squat lobster do not exactly share the same habitat. This would potentially reduce some direct competition and/or predation.

É muito elevado o potencial de utilização do pescado na forma de minced fish - MF, servindo de matéria-prima para outros produtos. O MF de sardinha foi avaliado quanto ao rendimento, ao efeito da lavagem sobre a melhoria da cor, à caracterização química e quanto à estabilidade química e sensorial durante estocagem sob congelamento de -17 a -18°C. O rendimento do MF de sardinha lavado com água foi de 55% em relação ao peixe inteiro e próximo do rendimento teórico da parte comestível. A lavagem do MF com água ou água + bicarbonato de sódio proporcionou a obtenção de um produto com cor vantajosamente mais clara e apreciável. Com relação à composição química básica o MF de sardinha lavado com água apresentou maior hidratação e menor teor de cinzas em relação ao controle e semelhantes quantidades de proteína e lípides. Comparado ao controle, o MF de sardinha lavado com água, não apresentou diferença quanto ao perfil de ácidos graxos e pH, o que não ocorreu com o nitrogênio das bases voláteis - N-BVT, que diminuiu, e às substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico - TBARS, que aumentaram. O MF de sardinha lavado com água, contendo ou não antioxidantes artificialmente adicionados, apresentou estabilidade química e sensorial quando mantido sob congelamento, com base nos parâmetros pH, N-BVT, TBARS, odor a ranço e cor, em até 26 semanas de estocagem. Os resultados do presente trabalho são favoráveis à possibilidade de obtenção de MF de sardinha lavado com água e seu emprego como matéria-prima para outros produtos pesqueiros. / The potentiality of fish\'s utilization as minced fish - MF is very high, actually turning into a raw material to other products. The sardine\'s MF was evaluated according to its yield, the washing effect improving the color, its chemical characteristic and chemical and sensorial stability, during frozen storage under -17,-18°C. The yield of sardine\'s MF washed in with water, was 55% related to the whole fish and close to the theoretic yield of eatable portion. The MF\'s washing in water or in water plus sodium bicarbonate provide a product with clearer and more desirable color. Related to the chemical basic composition, sardine\'s MF washed in water, presented better hydration and lower ashes contents than its control, and similar quantity of protein and lipids. Compared to the control, the sardine\'s MF washed in water, had not presented any difference related to the fatty acids profile and pH, that had not happened with the nitrogen of volatile bases - N-BVT, which had been decreased, and the thiobarbituric acid reactant substances - TBARS, that had been increased. The sardine\'s MF washed in water, containing or not added antioxidants, was chemical and sensorial stable when maintained frozen, based on parameters as pH, N-BVT, TBARS, rancidity odor, and color, stored for 26 weeks. The results of this work are propitious to the possibility of achieving sardine\'s MF washed in water, and your utilization as a raw material to others seafoods.

É muito elevado o potencial de utilização do pescado na forma de minced fish - MF, servindo de matéria-prima para outros produtos. O MF de sardinha foi avaliado quanto ao rendimento, ao efeito da lavagem sobre a melhoria da cor, à caracterização química e quanto à estabilidade química e sensorial durante estocagem sob congelamento de -17 a -18°C. O rendimento do MF de sardinha lavado com água foi de 55% em relação ao peixe inteiro e próximo do rendimento teórico da parte comestível. A lavagem do MF com água ou água + bicarbonato de sódio proporcionou a obtenção de um produto com cor vantajosamente mais clara e apreciável. Com relação à composição química básica o MF de sardinha lavado com água apresentou maior hidratação e menor teor de cinzas em relação ao controle e semelhantes quantidades de proteína e lípides. Comparado ao controle, o MF de sardinha lavado com água, não apresentou diferença quanto ao perfil de ácidos graxos e pH, o que não ocorreu com o nitrogênio das bases voláteis - N-BVT, que diminuiu, e às substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico - TBARS, que aumentaram. O MF de sardinha lavado com água, contendo ou não antioxidantes artificialmente adicionados, apresentou estabilidade química e sensorial quando mantido sob congelamento, com base nos parâmetros pH, N-BVT, TBARS, odor a ranço e cor, em até 26 semanas de estocagem. Os resultados do presente trabalho são favoráveis à possibilidade de obtenção de MF de sardinha lavado com água e seu emprego como matéria-prima para outros produtos pesqueiros. / The potentiality of fish\'s utilization as minced fish - MF is very high, actually turning into a raw material to other products. The sardine\'s MF was evaluated according to its yield, the washing effect improving the color, its chemical characteristic and chemical and sensorial stability, during frozen storage under -17,-18°C. The yield of sardine\'s MF washed in with water, was 55% related to the whole fish and close to the theoretic yield of eatable portion. The MF\'s washing in water or in water plus sodium bicarbonate provide a product with clearer and more desirable color. Related to the chemical basic composition, sardine\'s MF washed in water, presented better hydration and lower ashes contents than its control, and similar quantity of protein and lipids. Compared to the control, the sardine\'s MF washed in water, had not presented any difference related to the fatty acids profile and pH, that had not happened with the nitrogen of volatile bases - N-BVT, which had been decreased, and the thiobarbituric acid reactant substances - TBARS, that had been increased. The sardine\'s MF washed in water, containing or not added antioxidants, was chemical and sensorial stable when maintained frozen, based on parameters as pH, N-BVT, TBARS, rancidity odor, and color, stored for 26 weeks. The results of this work are propitious to the possibility of achieving sardine\'s MF washed in water, and your utilization as a raw material to others seafoods.