Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:59:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuciaMayumiHirata.pdf: 1395591 bytes, checksum: e27a98e6d36e8842db05c8c307aaf28b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Pea (Pisum sativum L.) which has a wide variety of uses, due to the high nutritional value, can be used for animal feeding as well as food source for humans. Ascochyta blight disease is one of the most devastating diseases of this leguminous crop and is favored by cool climate associated with high relative humidity. The pathogen can be transmitted by infected seeds. With the increasing demand for healthier products without the use of chemical, the organic system of production is in expansion. The effectiveness of seed treatments, accepted by organic regulations, against A. pisi was evaluated. The treatments consisted of commercial biofungicides, experimental formulations based on microorganisms cultivated in laboratory and vegetal extracts, resistance inducers, physical methods based in the thermotherapy (aerated steam and hot water), and low energy electrons and the association of the physical methods and biological agents had in five experiments. Pea seeds, naturally infected with A. pisi were sown in sterilized commercial organic substrate and maintained under greenhouse conditions. Plant emergence and infection index were evaluated two weeks after sowing. Extract of Thymus vulgaris, Clonostachys rosea IK 726, the commercial product Micosat (Glomus sp. + Pseudomonas fluorescens + P. borealis + Bacillus subtilis), and the association of physical method with low energy electrons 140 and 130 kV with biological agent Bacillus subtilis (Serenade) were as effective in suppressing A. pisi as the standard chemicals used as controls / A ervilha apresenta alto valor nutritivo, e pode ser utilizada na alimentação humana e também na alimentação animal. Uma das doenças mais importante que ocorre na cultura da ervilha é causada pelo patógeno Ascochyta pisi, que é favorecida por temperaturas amenas e umidade elevada, e, podendo ser transmitida por sementes infectadas. Com a crescente procura por produtos mais saudáveis e sem o uso de defensivos químicos, o sistema de produção orgânico apresenta-se em expansão. O trabalho avaliou a eficácia dos tratamentos de sementes de ervilha no controle de A. pisi de acordo com o sistema orgânico. Foram testados biofungicidas comerciais, microrganismos cultivados em laboratório e extratos vegetais, indutores de resistência, métodos físicos baseados na termoterapia (vapor aerado e água aquecida), e elétrons de baixa energia e a associação dos tratamentos físicos e controle biológico, num total de cinco experimentos. Utilizaram-se sementes de ervilha naturalmente infectadas por Ascochyta pisi, semeadas em substrato orgânico comercial esterilizado e mantidas em casa-de-vegetação. Avaliaram-se emergência e índice de infecção duas semanas após a semeadura. O índice de infecção das plantas foi calculado em diferentes classes de infecção de acordo com Townsend-Heuberger, (1943). Extrato vegetal de Thymus vulgaris, Clonostachys rosea IK 726 e Micosat (Glomus sp. + Pseudomonas fluorescens + P. borealis + Bacillus subtilis), e a associação de tratamento físico com elétrons de baixa energia a 130 e 140 kV com o agente biológico Bacillus subtilis (Serenade) proporcionaram níveis de controle equivalentes ao tratamento químico

The market of medicinal plants and herbs such as cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) and stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) has been growing due to the demand of the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Leaves of C. sativum are used by many countries in the preparation of food and in folk medicine. The essential oil from the leaves has potential for use in the food industry as an antimicrobial agent and as a condiment to mask undesirable odors and flavors. Studies were conducted to evaluate the activity of the essential oil of cilantro against Leishmaniasis, and the results showed that the essential oil and its major compounds inhibited the growth of L. donovani in its different forms, indicating potential use of this plant for the production of new drugs against Leishmaniasis. From these results, another study was conducted to evaluate five materials of cilantro, a cultivar and four germplasm accessions from the North American Department of Agriculture regarding the quality of the raw material for the food and pharmaceutical industries. The materials with the highest potential to use were AMES 18596 and PI193770 for producing larger amount of dry biomass and the highest production of major compounds, which are desirable by industries. Stevia is a species with high potential to be consumed by diabetics and obese, it is a source of diterpene glycosides used as natural sweeteners. Sweeteners derived from stevia are ingredients in the production of foods, juices and soft drinks in Asia, Europe and in the Americas. The compounds responsible for the sweetness of stevia leaves are well characterized in the literature. However, good agronomic practices are still poorly studied. Some countries have worked on improving this culture and have achieved cultivars with higher yield. In the area of plant nutrition, calcium is one of the most important nutrients for the production of biomass and stevioside in stevia plants. Thus, a preliminary study was conducted to test the effect of calcium applied in nutrient solution in stevia yield, and stevioside and rebaudioside in hydroponic system. The leaf, stem and shoot biomass yield, by stevia plants were influenced by Ca rates in nutrient solutions and were maximal with 7.0, 5.7, 6.2 mmol L-1 of Ca, respectively. The production of stevioside and rebaudioside A was maximal with addition of 4.0 mmol of Ca L-1. / O mercado de plantas medicinais, condimentares e aromáticas tais como coentro (Coriandrum sativum) e estévia (Stevia rebaudiana) vêm crescendo devido à demanda das indústrias alimentícias, químicas e farmacêuticas. As folhas C. sativum são utilizadas por diversos países no preparo de alimentos e na medicina popular. O óleo essencial das folhas tem potencial para utilização na indústria de alimentos como agente antimicrobiano e como condimento para mascarar cheiros e sabores indesejáveis. Estudos foram realizados para avaliar a atividade do óleo essencial de coentro contra a leishmaniose, e os resultados revelaram que o óleo essencial e seus compostos majoritários inibiram o crescimento L. donovani em suas diferentes formas, indicando potencial de uso dessa planta para a produção de novos medicamentos contra Leishmaniose. A partir desses resultados, outro estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar cinco materiais de coentro, uma cultivar e quatro acessos do germoplasma do Departamento de Agricultura norte americano quanto à qualidade da matéria prima para as indústrias de alimentos e farmacêuticas. Os materiais variaram entre si quanto à produção de biomassa, acúmulo de nutrientes e produção de aldeídos alifáticos tais como (E)- 2-decenal, (E)- 2-dodecenal. Os materiais que apresentaram maior potencial de uso foram AMES 18596 e PI193770, pois, produziram maior quantidade de massa seca e produção de compostos majoritários, que são os desejáveis pelas indústrias. Quanto à estévia, essa espécie apresenta elevado potencial para ser usado por pessoas diabéticas e obesas, pois é fonte de diterpenos glicosídicos usados como adoçantes naturais. Os adoçantes derivados de estévia são usados na produção de alimentos, sucos e refrigerantes em diversos países asiáticos, europeus e no continente americano. Os compostos responsáveis pelo dulçor das folhas de estévia são bem caracterizados pela literatura, entretanto, as boas práticas agronômicas ainda são pouco estudadas. Alguns países trabalharam no melhoramento dessa cultura e conseguiram alcançar cultivares mais produtivas. Na área de nutrição, o cálcio está entre os nutrientes mais importantes para a produção de esteviosídeo e produção de biomassa de estévia. Assim, um estudo preliminar foi conduzido com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do cálcio aplicado em solução nutritiva na produção de estévia, e de esteviosídeos e rebaudiosídeos, em sistema hidropônico. A produção de folhas, caule e parte aérea por plantas de estévia foi influenciada por níveis de Ca na solução nutritiva e foram máximos com as doses de 7,0, 5,7, 6,2 mmol L-1 de Ca, respectivamente. A produção de esteviosídeo e rebaudiosídeo A foi máxima com a adição de 4,0 mmol L-1 de Ca.

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), catalysing the interconversion between CO2 and HCO3', has long been known to be present in plants as well as in animals. Several of the animal isozymes, but none of the plant CAs, have been extensively studied. When the first plant CA cDNA sequences were published in 1990, it was obvious that the animal and plant CAs represent evolutionarily distinct families with no significant sequence homology between the families. Pea CA is synthesised as a precursor and subsequently processed at the import into the chloroplast. When we purified CA from pea leaves two oligomeric forms with molecular masses around 230 kDa were obtained. One form was homogenous while the other form contained subunits of two different sizes. The larger subunit has an acidic and highly charged N-terminal extension, consisting of 37 residues. We propose that the sequence that precedes the cleavage site resulting in the large subunit represents the functional transit peptide, directing CA to the chloroplast. Neither the transit peptide nor the acidic 37-residue peptide were found to affect the folding, activity or oligomerisation of pea CA. Kinetic investigations showed that pea CA requires a reduced environment and high concentrations of buffer for maximal catalytic activity. High buffer concentrations result in a faster turnover of the enzyme (kcat) while the efficiency (kcatlKm) is not affected. This is consistent with a ping-pong mechanism with the buffer as the second substrate. Both kcat and kcatlKm increase with pH but the dependences cannot be described by simple titration curves. SCN' is an uncompetitive inhibitor at high pH and a noncompetitive inhibitor at neutral and low pH. This is in accordance with the mechanistic model, previously proposed for human CAM, involving a zincbound water molecule as a catalytic group. In this model, the carbon dioxide - bicarbonate interconversion, reflected by kcatlKm, is temporally separated from a rate limiting proton-transfer step. At high pH, solvent hydrogen isotope effects obtained for pea CA agree with this scheme, while they do not fit at neutral and low pH. Site-specific mutations of cysteine residues at positions 165, 269 and 272 were difficult to study, either because strong deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetics were observed, or because the mutants were found in inclusion bodies. However, the mutant H208A was found to be a very efficient enzyme with the highest kcatlKm value obtained for any CA so far, 2.9-108 M'1s '1. With the H208A mutant an increased dependence on high buffer concentrations at low pH was obtained. At high pH, the mutant is more efficient than the unmutated enzyme. The H208A mutant is also more prone to oxidation than the wild-type enzyme. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1994, härtill 4 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

The developmental programs of maturing seed and fruit in pea (Pisum sativum L.) are tightly controlled by the interactions of several phytohormones, including gibberellins (GAs), auxins, and abscisic acid (ABA). To more fully understand these hormone networks and their roles in controlling development, transcription profiles of GA metabolism genes and metabolite profiles of key GAs, auxins, and ABA were determined in developing seeds, and histological studies were employed to correlate physiology and hormone metabolism. Data suggest that bioactive GA stimulates several aspects of seed growth, and ABA appears to promote bioactive GA1 synthesis in rapidly growing seed coats, and inhibit GA biosynthesis in the embryo axes of maturing embryos. Two putative auxin receptor genes were cloned, and their transcription profiles examined in developing seed and pericarp tissues. Pericarp PsAFB6A transcription was responsive to auxin and seed signals, indicating a potential role for the modulation of auxin sensitivity in fruit development.

Pterocarpan phytoalexins are antimicrobial compounds produced by legumes when challenged by biotic stresses. Most legumes produce pterocarpan phytoalexins with (-)-stereochemistry but pea (Pisum sativum L.) produces as its major phytoalexin (+)-pisatin. Pea also occasionally produces a minor amount of (-)-maackiain as a pterocarpan phytoalexin, and studies on the biosyntheses of (+)-pisatin and (-)-maackiain have shown that up to (-)-7,2'-dihydroxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyisoflavanone [(-)-sophorol] and 7,2'-dihydroxy-4',5'-methyl-enedioxyisoflavanol [(-)-DMDI]they have common intermediates with (-)-DMDI being where the two pathways diverge. The final step in (+)-pisatin biosynthesis is the methylation of (+)-6a-hydroxymaackiain [(+)-6a-HMK] by 6a-hydroxymaackiain methyltransferase (HMM2) but the steps from (-)-DMDI to (+)-6a-HMK are unknown.The shifting of the stereochemistry from (-)-DMDI to (+)-6a-HMK has been proposed to involve the achiral isoflavene, 7, 2'-dihydroxy-4', 5'-methylene-dioxyisoflav-3-ene (DMDIF). In this dissertation, I have shown that cis-(-)-DMDI is the enzymatic product of (-)-sophorol, and is the precursor of DMDIF which is produced by the dehydration activity of "isoflavene synthase" (IFVS). IFVS activity was not observed in elicited tissues of alfalfa, chickpea, beans, pepper, and broccoli, plants that do not produce (+) pterocarpans. Partial purification of IFVS demonstrated that it is either large in size or tightly complexed with other proteins. The SDS-PAGE of the 29-fold purified product revealed 12 major bands that aggregated into 3 bands in the non-denaturing PAGE. IFVS activity was in band 3 which co-migrated with marker proteins of>100 kDa in size. Proteins identified from LC-MS/MS peptide sequences of the proteins in band 3, when compared to three protein databases, did not identify any proteins with an enzymatic activity expected for IFVS. A disease resistance-response protein (a dirigent-like protein) and two protein-binding proteins were the most abundantly detected proteins in the pea transcriptome-translated database. Also, four of the known enzymes (isoflavone reductase, HMM1, HMM2, and sophorol reductase) involved in (+)-pisatin biosynthesis were among the proteins identified. It may be that IFVS is associated with these other proteins as a complex in vitro and in vivo. The lack of detection of IFVS in the databases could be because it has not yet been sequenced as it functions in a rare biosynthetic pathway.

No description available.

Th.--Pharm.--Paris 5, 1978. N°: 14.

The theoretical part of the thesis consists of research on the spring barley and chemical composition of its grains. Attention is paid to the stress factors which has inpact on plants such as heavy metals and in particular cadmium and its influence on the plants. The last part deals with the importance of selected trace elements such as copper, iron, manganese and zinc. The experimental part of the work is devoted to the influence of cadmium contamination on content of selected elements which are copper, iron, manganese and zinc in plants of spring barley. Two experiments were performed. In both experiments, plants were hydroponically cultivated in Knop nutrient solution. Plants were divided into two parts in each experiment, the first part was cultivated without contamination and served as a control samples, the second part was contaminated. The third day of cultivation was added CdCl2.2,5 H2O at a concentration of 10-5 mol/l to the nutrient solution of the second part. In the first experiment the plants were harvested on the 10th day of cultivation and divided into roots, hypocotyls and shoots. In the second experiment were plants harvested on the 13th day of cultivation and separated into roots, hypocotyls, stem base, 1st (oldest), 2nd and 3th (youngest) leaf. From each part of the plant were prepared samples, which were mineralized and consequentely was measured using the ICP-OES method the content of the above mentioned metals in the contaminated and control-sample plants and the content of cadmium in the contaminated plants. The content of cadmium in the control-sample plants was measured by the ETA-AAS. The measured datae were analyzed and described in to the taps and graphs. Highest concentration of cadmiu was discovered in roots of the control sample plants, in case of the first experiment the roots contained 91 %, in the second 95,5 % from the entire amount of cadmium contained in the plant. As a result of the contamination changes in contents of the selected elements ocured. In both of the experimentes the amount of Cu in roots increased, in the upper part of the plants (shoots) the amount was lower comparing non-contaminated plants. The iron content in the first experiment increased in roots and hypocotyl, in the upper part of the plants (shoots) the content decreased in comparison with control variant. In the second experiment, was the iron content lower in all plant parts. The manganese content was lower in the contaminated plants in almost all parts, only in the first experiment was found minimal increase of manganese content in roots. In both experimentes was found minimal change in content of zinc in roots, in the first experimente increased zinc content in hypocotyls and decreased in the upper part of the plants (shoots), while in the second experiment there was little change of content in hypocotyls but zinc increased in the upper part of the plants (shoots). The deferences in results of both experimentes may be dependent on varions lenght of the cultivation.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2018-04-05T13:47:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3088307 bytes, checksum: 4b163e4d0f5dca4558d0d8ce38a51f36 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T13:47:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3088307 bytes, checksum: 4b163e4d0f5dca4558d0d8ce38a51f36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Análises de crescimento de plantas são importantes, pois geram informações sobre a demanda e os cuidados necessários para cada etapa de seu desenvolvimento. Modelos de regressão não linear são apropriados para descrever curvas interpretação de crescimento prática biológica. por apresentarem Entretanto, estes parâmetros com modelos apresentam informações em termos médios, e estão sujeitos a problemas no ajuste proporcionados por possíveis valores extremos ou assimetria na distribuição dos dados. A regressão quantílica pode contornar estes problemas, e ainda permite estimativas em diferentes quantis, gerando resultados mais completos e robustos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi ajustar modelos de regressão quantílica não linear para o estudo do acúmulo de matéria seca em plantas de alho ao longo do tempo e classificar cada acesso de alho de acordo com sua taxa de crescimento e peso assintótico. O modelo de regressão não linear ajustado foi o Logístico. Para tanto, utilizou-se 30 acessos de alho pertencentes ao Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH/UFV). Foram ajustados modelos para todos os acessos em três diferentes quantis, e um modelo de regressão quantílica mediana para cada acesso. Para avaliar a qualidade de ajuste dos modelos, foram utilizados o coeficiente de determinação, o quadrado médio do resíduo, o desvio médio absoluto dos resíduos, e o critério de Akaike. Os 30 acessos foram divididos de acordo com o quantil de estimativas mais próximas, sendo classificados 12 acessos como de baixo interesse para plantio, 6 de interesse intermediário e 12 como de alto interesse para plantio. A regressão quantílica não linear foi eficiente para descrição do acúmulo de matéria seca em plantas de alho ao longo do tempo, mesmo quando os dados apresentam assimetria, variâncias heterogêneas ou valores discrepantes. / Plant growth analyses are important because they generate information on the demand and the necessary cares for each of its development stages. Nonlinear regression models are appropriate to describe curves of growth, since they present parameters with biological practical interpretation. However, these models present information in terms of conditional mean, and they are subject to problems in the adjustment provided by possible outliers or asymmetry in the distribution of the data. The quantile regression can outline these problems, and it allows estimates of different quantiles, generating more complete and robust results. The objective of this work was to adjust nonlinear quantile regression models for the study of dry matter accumulation in garlic plants over time, and classify each garlic accession according to its growth tax and asymptotic weight. The nonlinear regression model fitted was the Logistic. 30 garlic accessions belonging to the Vegetable Germplasm Bank of Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH/UFV) were used. Models were adjusted for all of the accessions in three different quantiles, and one model of median quantile regression for each access. To evaluate the goodness of fit of the models, the coefficient of determination, the mean squared error, the absolute average residual error and the Akaike information criterion were used. The 30 accessions were divided, considering the closest quantile estimates: 12 accessions were classified as less productive, 6 of intermediate productivity and 12 as more productive. Nonlinear quantile regression was efficient for the description of dry matter accumulation in garlic plants over time, even in presence of outliers, asymmetry, or heterocedasticy in the distribution of the data.

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2016-06-07T15:50:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 529758 bytes, checksum: e0a1fb9bdf2a529f544d5eb55b51bf3d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T15:50:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 529758 bytes, checksum: e0a1fb9bdf2a529f544d5eb55b51bf3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-07 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / A população de plantas e o arranjo das linhas de plantio podem modificar o formato, a massa e número de bulbilhos por bulbo, o que consequentemente influencia a produtividade. Assim objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade e tamanho de bulbos em função de populações e arranjos de plantas de alho da cultivar Ito. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no município de Rio Paranaíba - MG, nos anos de 2014 e de 2015. Dois experimentos em 2014 e dois em 2015. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco populações 280, 320, 360, 400 e 440 mil plantas ha -1 e dois arranjos de plantas fileiras duplas ou simples, distribuídos em esquema fatorial (5 x 2), delineamento em blocos com quatro repetições. Avaliou-se o número de folhas verdes por planta, diâmetro do pseudocaule, teores de nutrientes na folha, classificação dos bulbos e a produtividade. Verificou-se diferença significativa para o diâmetro do pseudocaule, classificação comercial e produtividade em relação a população. Observaram-se valores menores e maiores no diâmetro do pseudocaule nos cultivos de alta e baixa população de plantas, respectivamente. A variação da população de plantas altera a produtividade e a classificação comercial dos bulbos de alho, onde quanto maior a população menor é o diâmetro médio dos bulbos e quanto menor a população maior é o diâmetro médio dos bulbos. As melhores populações de plantas, buscando-se o mercado de mesa são 280.000 e 320.000 plantas ha -1, pois produziram maior parte dos bulbos nas classes 6 acima. / The population of plants and the planting arrangement of lines can change the shape, mass and number of cloves per bulb, which in turn influences productivity. Thus aimed to evaluate the productivity and bulbs size depending on population and garlic plant arrangements cultivar Ito. The experiments were conducted in the municipality of Rio Paranaiba - MG, in the years 2014 and 2015. Two experiments in 2014 and two in 2015. The treatments consisted of five populations 280, 320, 360, 400 and 440 000 plants ha -1 and two arrangements of plants or simple double rows in a factorial scheme (5 x 2), block design with four replications. We evaluated the number of green leaves per plant, pseudostem diameter, nutrient concentration in leaves, classification of bulbs and productivity. There was a significant difference to the neck diameter, commercial classification and productivity in relation to population. They observed lower and higher values in the neck diameter in high crops and low plant population, respectively. The variation of plant population changes the productivity and commercial classification of garlic bulbs, where the higher the smallest population is the average diameter of the bulbs and the smaller the larger population is the average diameter of the bulbs. The best populations of plants, seeking the table market are 280,000 and 320,000 plants ha -1 as produced most of the bulbs in grades 6 above. / O autor citou três empresas que contribuíram com bolsas para o desenvolvimento do seu projeto.