Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2450774 bytes, checksum: 5a8c6f7ae617f05957b253f97b3104cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Cryptococcus neoformans is yeast capable of causing infection in humans called cryptococcosis that primarily affects immunocompromised patients. The infection usually affects the central nervous system causing meningoencephalitis with a severe and fatal evolution, accompanying or not, lung injury, fungemia and secondary outbreaks on the skin, bones and kidneys. The drugs of choice for treatment are usually amphotericin B associated with 5-flucytosine, however, increasing resistance to antifungal agents available and toxicity caused by them lead the search for new antifungals, becoming natural products as focus of studies in the research of substances with antifungal properties. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of essential oils of Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel) in vitro against 14 strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determinated by the microdilution technique, and the effects of essential oils on the morphology and time-kill curve of C. neoformans were evaluated. Was found for the essential oil of C. sativum MIC= 64 μg/mL and MFC= 64 μg/mL, and for the essential oil of F. vulgare, MIC= 256 μg/mL and MFC= 512 μg/mL. There were no changes in the morphology of LM 310 and ICB 59 strains of the yeast when subjected to contact with essential oils. Has been observed a decrease in count of viable forms with increasing concentrations of essential oils. In the time-kill curve of C. neoformans, compared to the essential oil of C. sativum, was observed fungicidal effect (decrease ≥ 3 log10UFC/mL from the initial inoculation), at 24 hours, at MICx4 for the strain LM 310, and in MICx2 and MICx4, for the strain ICB 59. The essential oil of F. vulgare, for strain LM 310, began fungicidal activity at the time of 4 hours in MICx2 and MICx4, the MIC was fungicidal at 8 hours. The fungicidal activity for the strain ICB 59 began in 4 hours for all concentrations of essential oil (MIC, MICx2 and MICx4). The essential oils of C. sativum and F. vulgare has antifungal activity against strains of C. neoformans, therefore represent a possibility to become new products with antifungal potential in the treatment of cryptococcosis. However, there is need for further studies to search deeper aspects of the essential oils tested, so they can be used in therapy. / Cryptococcus neoformans é uma levedura capaz de provocar no homem uma infecção denominada criptococose que acomete principalmente pacientes imunocomprometidos. A infecção geralmente atinge o sistema nervoso central provocando meningoencefalite, de evolução grave e fatal, acompanhada ou não, de lesão pulmonar, fungemia e focos secundários na pele, ossos e rins. Os fármacos de escolha para seu tratamento são geralmente anfotericina B associada a 5-fluocitosina. Entretanto, o aumento da resistência aos antifúngicos disponíveis e a toxicidade provocada por eles levam a busca de novos antifúngicos, fazendo com que os produtos naturais sejam foco de pesquisas na busca de substâncias com propriedades antifúngicas. Desta forma, o estudo teve como objetivo investigar a atividade antifúngica dos óleos essenciais de Coriandrum sativum L. (coentro) e Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (funcho) in vitro sobre 14 cepas de Cryptococcus neoformans. Foram determinadas a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM), pela técnica da microdiluição, e avaliados os efeitos dos óleos essenciais sobre a micromorfologia e a curva de morte fúngica de C. neoformans. Foi encontrado para o óleo essencial de C. sativum CIM= 64 μg/mL e CFM= 64 μg/mL, e para o óleo essencial de F. vulgare, CIM= 256 μg/mL e CFM= 512 μg/mL. Não foram observadas alterações na micromorfologia das cepas ICB 59 e LM 310 da levedura quando submetidas ao contato com os óleos essenciais. Foi constatada, porém uma diminuição na contagem de formas viáveis com aumento das concentrações dos óleos essenciais. Na curva de morte microbiana causada pelo óleo essencial de C. sativum sobre a cepa de C. neoformans LM 310, observou-se um efeito fungicida (redução ≥3 log10UFC/mL a partir do inóculo inicial), no tempo de 24 horas, na CIMx4; e nas CIMx2 e CIMx4, para a cepa ICB 59. O óleo essencial de F. vulgare, para a cepa LM 310, iniciou sua atividade fungicida no tempo de 4 horas nas CIMx2 e CIMx4, a CIM foi fungicida a partir de 8 horas. A atividade fungicida para a cepa ICB 59 iniciou-se em 4 horas para todas as concentrações do óleo essencial (CIM, CIMx2 e CIMx4). Os óleos essenciais de C. sativum e F. vulgare apresentaram atividade antifúngica contra cepas de C. neoformans, portanto, representam uma possibilidade de tornarem-se novos produtos com potencial efeito antifúngico no tratamento da criptococose. Há, entretanto, necessidade de estudos posteriores que pesquisem aspectos mais aprofundados dos óleos essenciais testados, para que possam ser utilizados na terapêutica.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:15:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaFSP_DISSERT.pdf: 658275 bytes, checksum: 251a44b08b0ba371e0d3c72f2bdc71f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The evaluation of the vigor is of fundamental importance in control programs of seed quality, and accelerated aging test can be used for this purpose. In this sense, the objective of this paper was to study the methodology of the accelerated aging test, seeking to verify their efficiency to identify differences between levels of seed lots vigor of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). During the experimental period, the seeds were packed in plastic bags and kept in a controlled environment (16 ° C and 50% RH). For this, the following cultivars Verdão, Super-verdão, Tabocas and Portugues were used, each one represented by three lots. The seeds were tested for germination, first count germination, seedling emergence, speed of emergence, shoot length, dry mass of shoots and accelerated aging (38 and 41 ° C for 48, 72 and 96 hours; method traditional and with use of saline solution), besides the determination of moisture content of seeds. The work was performed at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis and in the greenhouse of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido Mossoró-RN. A completely randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds was used. The test results were evaluated individually. The analysis of variance was performed by F test and the means compared by Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). It was concluded that the accelerated aging test was efficient to evaluate the physiological potential of coriander seeds, and that combinations 41°C/48h (traditional method) and 41°C/72h (with saline solution) constituted in an efficient procedure to detect differences of vigor among seed lots of coriander / A avaliação do vigor é de fundamental importância em programas de controle de qualidade de sementes, e o teste de envelhecimento acelerado pode ser utilizado para este fim. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a metodologia do teste de envelhecimento acelerado, procurando-se verificar sua eficiência para identificar diferenças entre níveis de vigor de lotes de sementes de coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.). Durante o período experimental, as sementes foram acondicionadas em sacos plásticos e mantidas em ambiente controlado (16ºC e 50% UR). Para isso, utilizou-se as cultivares Verdão, Super-verdão, Tabocas e Português, cada uma representada por três lotes. As sementes foram submetidas aos testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento de parte aérea, massa seca de parte aérea e envelhecimento acelerado (38 e 41ºC; 48, 72 e 96 horas; método tradicional e com uso de solução salina), além da determinação do grau de umidade das sementes. Os trabalhos foram realizados no Laboratório de Análises de Sementes e em casa de vegetação, da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró-RN. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Os resultados dos testes foram avaliados individualmente, quanto à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P ≤ 0,05). Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que o teste de envelhecimento acelerado mostrou-se eficiente para avaliar o potencial fisiológico das sementes de coentro; e que as combinações 41°C/48h (tradicional) e 41°C/72h (com solução salina) constituiu-se em procedimento eficiente para detectar diferenças de vigor entre lotes de sementes de coentro

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WelderARL_TESE.pdf: 839929 bytes, checksum: 680ea70cdd6f864f25ed1c5ce70efe50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In recent years, the use of vernalization enabled the cultivation of noble garlic (most valuable garlic in the Brazilian market) in regions where photoperiod and temperature do not meet the requirements of the crop. Given this, in order to evaluate effects of different vernalization periods and planting dates on the production and quality of the garlic Roxo Pérola de Caçador, an experiment was conducted in Baraúna, RN, between May and October 2012. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were arranged in splitplots with the plots by planting dates: May 22, June 5 and June 23, and the splitplots by vernalization periods garlic seed at 4 ± 1 °C: 50, 55, 60, 65 and 70 days, and 65-70% of relative humidity. Plant height, leaf number, cycle, bulb final stand, average bulb weight, percentage of bulbs differentiation of cloves, percentage of oversprouting plants, total yield of bulbs, classification of bulbs, number of cloves per bulb, classification of cloves, bulb diameter, soluble solids, total soluble sugars, tritable acidity, pH, SS/AT ratio, pungency, total solids and industrial index were evaluated. The planting on May 22 gave higher plant height, leaf number, final stand and average bulb weight; the cycle decreased with increasing time of vernalization; were formed bulbs with differentiation of cloves in all treatments, and absence of oversprouting of plants; total bulb yield increased with time until 63 days of vernalization during at plantations of May 22 and June 23, with averages of 5.20 and 3.85 t ha-1; by combining the planting on May 22 time and 65 days of vernalization, showed the highest number of cloves per bulb (7.51) and the highest percentage of commercial bulbs, which are distributed in classes 3 (32 to 37 mm diameter), 4 (37 to 42 mm diameter) and 5 (42 to 47 mm diameter). For attributes of quality, the increased length of vernalization up to 64 days allowed in increments bulb diameter and soluble solids, with maximum of 34.5 mm and 33.65%, respectively; the highest levels of total soluble sugars, bulb diameter and soluble solids were obtained at planting on May 22; the tritable acidity increased with time vernalization during plantations of 5 and 23 June, when there was a reduction in SS/AT ratio; and in general, all treatments allowed high total solids and simultaneous pungency, with good prospects for industrialization. Thus, we recommend planting the cultivar Roxo Pérola de Caçador on Baraúna/RN, in the second half of May, using 65 days of vernalization / Nos últimos anos, o uso da vernalização possibilitou o cultivo de alho nobre em regiões nas quais as condições de fotoperíodo e temperatura não satisfazem as exigências da cultura. Diante disso, a fim de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes períodos de vernalização e épocas de plantio sobre a produção e qualidade do alho Roxo Pérola de Caçador, realizou-se um experimento em Baraúna, RN, de maio a outubro de 2012. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados completos, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas repre¬sentadas pelas épocas de plantio: 22 de maio, 5 de junho e 23 de junho, e as subparcelas pelos períodos de vernalização pré-plantio do alho-semente a 4 ± 1°C: 50, 55, 60, 65 e 70 dias, e umidade relativa de 65-70%. Foram avaliados: altura de plantas, número de folhas, ciclo, estande final, massa média de bulbos, percentagem de bulbos com diferenciação de bulbilhos, percentagem de superbrotamento de plantas, produtividade total de bulbos, classificação dos bulbos, número de bulbilhos por bulbo, classificação dos bulbilhos, diâmetro de bulbo, sólidos solúveis, açúcares solúveis totais, acidez titulável, pH, relação SS/AT, pungência, sólidos totais e índice industrial. O plantio em 22 de maio proporcionou altura de planta, número de folhas, estande final e massa média de bulbos superior às demais épocas de plantio; o ciclo decresceu com o aumento do tempo de vernalização; houve formação de bulbos com diferenciação de bulbilhos em todos os tratamentos e ausência de superbrotamento de plantas; a produtividade total de bulbos aumentou com o tempo de vernalização até 63 dias para os plantios em 22 de maio e 23 de junho, com médias de 5,20 e 3,85 t ha-1; por meio da combinação entre o plantio em 22 de maio e 65 dias de vernalização, foi obtido o maior número de bulbilhos por bulbo (7,51) e o maior percentual de bulbos comerciais, sendo estes distribuídos nas classes 3 (maior que 32 até 37 mm), 4 (maior que 37 até 42 mm) e 5 (maior que 42 até 47 mm). Para os atributos de qualidade, o aumento do tempo de vernalização até 64 dias possibilitou incrementos no diâmetro de bulbos e sólidos solúveis, com máximos de 34,5 mm e 33,65%, respectivamente; os maiores teores de açúcares solúveis totais, diâmetro de bulbos e sólidos solúveis foram obtidos no plantio em 22 de maio; a acidez titulável aumentou com o tempo de vernalização nos plantios de 5 e 23 de junho, quando houve redução na relação SS/AT. De modo geral, todos os tratamentos possibilitaram elevados teores de sólidos totais e pungência simultâneos, com boas perspectivas para a industrialização. Desta forma, recomenda-se o plantio da cultivar Roxo Pérola de Caçador em Baraúna/RN, na segunda quinzena de maio, utilizando-se 65 dias de vernalização

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaFSP_DISSERT.pdf: 658275 bytes, checksum: 251a44b08b0ba371e0d3c72f2bdc71f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The evaluation of the vigor is of fundamental importance in control programs of seed quality, and accelerated aging test can be used for this purpose. In this sense, the objective of this paper was to study the methodology of the accelerated aging test, seeking to verify their efficiency to identify differences between levels of seed lots vigor of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). During the experimental period, the seeds were packed in plastic bags and kept in a controlled environment (16 ° C and 50% RH). For this, the following cultivars Verdão, Super-verdão, Tabocas and Portugues were used, each one represented by three lots. The seeds were tested for germination, first count germination, seedling emergence, speed of emergence, shoot length, dry mass of shoots and accelerated aging (38 and 41 ° C for 48, 72 and 96 hours; method traditional and with use of saline solution), besides the determination of moisture content of seeds. The work was performed at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis and in the greenhouse of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido Mossoró-RN. A completely randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds was used. The test results were evaluated individually. The analysis of variance was performed by F test and the means compared by Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). It was concluded that the accelerated aging test was efficient to evaluate the physiological potential of coriander seeds, and that combinations 41°C/48h (traditional method) and 41°C/72h (with saline solution) constituted in an efficient procedure to detect differences of vigor among seed lots of coriander / A avaliação do vigor é de fundamental importância em programas de controle de qualidade de sementes, e o teste de envelhecimento acelerado pode ser utilizado para este fim. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a metodologia do teste de envelhecimento acelerado, procurando-se verificar sua eficiência para identificar diferenças entre níveis de vigor de lotes de sementes de coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.). Durante o período experimental, as sementes foram acondicionadas em sacos plásticos e mantidas em ambiente controlado (16ºC e 50% UR). Para isso, utilizou-se as cultivares Verdão, Super-verdão, Tabocas e Português, cada uma representada por três lotes. As sementes foram submetidas aos testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento de parte aérea, massa seca de parte aérea e envelhecimento acelerado (38 e 41ºC; 48, 72 e 96 horas; método tradicional e com uso de solução salina), além da determinação do grau de umidade das sementes. Os trabalhos foram realizados no Laboratório de Análises de Sementes e em casa de vegetação, da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró-RN. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Os resultados dos testes foram avaliados individualmente, quanto à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P ≤ 0,05). Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que o teste de envelhecimento acelerado mostrou-se eficiente para avaliar o potencial fisiológico das sementes de coentro; e que as combinações 41°C/48h (tradicional) e 41°C/72h (com solução salina) constituiu-se em procedimento eficiente para detectar diferenças de vigor entre lotes de sementes de coentro

Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effect of suply of garlic in the feed on the alteration of load of tick, horn fly and stably fly and domestic fly. The treatments were garlic at 100g (A100) and 200g cow-1 (A200) for three days, Amitraz at 0.025% (Am) and negative control group. Engorged ticks were evaluated with lengh superior to 4.0 mm and flys before and at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 14thday after treatment. In the 1st, 2nd, 3rd days after treatments, milk samples were taken for flavor evaluation on raw milk and soft cheese Minas-Frescal. The efficacy of treatments were 27.34; 12.31; e 97.05% for (A100), (A200) e (Am), respectively. Commercial ectoparasiticide was more efficacious in the control of ticks. Garlic show low efficacy on control tick and inefficacious in control of flies. In these treatments, no residual garlic flavor or taste was detected on milk and cheese. / Dezesseis vacas de raça Holandesa em lactação foram utilizadas para avaliar o efeito da administração de alho na alimentação sobre a alteração da carga de carrapato, mosca-doschifres, mosca dos estábulos e mosca doméstica. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por alho a 100g (A100) e 200g vaca-1 (A200), por três dias, o amitraz a 0,025% (Am) e pelo grupo controle negativo. Para avaliação foram contadas as fêmeas ingurgitadas de carrapato com comprimento superior a 4 mm e as moscas antes da aplicação e no 1o, 2o, 3o, 4o, 5o, 6o, 7o e 14o dia após a aplicação de cada tratamento. No 1o, 2o e 3o dia pós-tratamento foram coletadas amostras de leite para avaliação das propriedades organolépticas do leite cru e do queijo Minas-Frescal. A eficácia dos tratamentos foi de: 27,34; 12,31; e 97,05% para (A100), (A200) e (Am), respectivamente. O antiparasitário comercial (Am) foi o mais eficaz no controle de carrapatos. O alho apresentou baixa eficácia no controle do carrapato e ineficácia no controle das moscas. Nestes tratamentos, não foi detectado odor ou sabor de alho no leite e no queijo.

Submitted by Camila Paula Rossetto Pescatori Jacon (capescatori@fca.unesp.br) on 2016-11-22T10:47:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese completa impressa.pdf: 5118013 bytes, checksum: 4331829f5c23efb70accd8824afcccfc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-25T16:33:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jacon_cprp_dr_bot.pdf: 5118013 bytes, checksum: 4331829f5c23efb70accd8824afcccfc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-25T16:33:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jacon_cprp_dr_bot.pdf: 5118013 bytes, checksum: 4331829f5c23efb70accd8824afcccfc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A utilização de plantas livres de vírus, associada a outras tecnologias, pode proporcionar maior produtividade no cultivo de alho vernalizado. No entanto, essas plantas apresentam comportamento produtivo distinto das plantas infectadas, tornando necessária a adequação das técnicas de manejo empregadas na cultura até então. Estudos sobre a nutrição das plantas de alho livres de vírus ainda não são conclusivos. Visando alcançar alta produtividade, e considerando as características dos solos tropicais, os adubos fosfatados têm sido utilizados em altas doses. Então, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar o efeito da adubação fosfatada no cultivo de alho vernalizado livre de vírus. Para tanto foram conduzidos três experimentos em anos subsequentes, em área de produção, na região de Santa Juliana – MG. No primeiro experimento foram avaliadas duas fontes (100% superfosfato simples: SS e 50% superfosfato simples + 50% termofosfato: SS+T) e 5 doses de fósforo (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mg dm-3) em 4 repetições. Observou-se que houve pouca influência das fontes de fósforo utilizadas nos resultados e que as maiores doses de P utilizadas ocasionaram redução na produção e qualidade dos bulbos. No experimento 2 foram avaliadas 5 doses de P (0, 70, 140, 210, 180 e 350 mg dm- 3 ) em 4 repetições, utilizando-se a fonte SS+T. Verificou-se que, da mesma forma que no primeiro experimento, nas doses mais elevadas de P ocorreu redução da produção. Devido a uma chuva ocorrida na fase de diferenciação, ocorreu o superbrotamento, verificando-se aumento da incidência de plantas com essa anomalia com a elevação das doses de P. O terceiro experimento foi conduzido avaliando-se 5 doses de P (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 mg dm-3) em 4 repetições e também foi verificada redução na produção na dose mais elevada de P. A dose de 200 mg dm-3 de P, utilizando-se a fonte superfosfato simples + termofosfato, em solo com alto teor inicial de fósforo, proporcionou maior produção e porcentagem de bulbos nas classes mais valorizadas. / The use of virus-free garlic plants, associated with other technologies can increased productivity in vernalized garlic growing. However, these plants have different productive behavior from the infected plants, requiring the adequacy of management techniques used for the culture until then. Studies on virus-free garlic plants nutrition of are not conclusive. In order to achieve high productivity and considering the characteristics of tropical soil, phosphate fertilizers have been used in high doses. So, this study aimed to vertify the effect of phosphate fertilization on vernalized virus-free garlic growing. Therefore three experiments were carried out in subsequent years in growing field, in the Santa Juliana - MG. In the first experiment were evaluated two sources (SS and SS + T) and 5 doses of phosphorus (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mg dm-3) in 4 replications. It was observed that the results were little influenced by the P sources and that higher doses of P applied occasioned reduction in yield and quality of the bulbs. In experiment 2 were evaluated five doses of P (0, 70, 140, 210, 180 and 350 mg dm-3) in 4 replicates using SS+T. It was found that, as in the first experiment, at the higher doses of P, there was a decrease of production. Due to a rain occurred in the differentiation stage, there was incidence of secondary bulb growth and it was verified that plants with this anomaly increased with P doses rising. The third experiment was carried out evaluating five levels of P (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg dm-3) in 4 replicates and it was also verified that there was a decrease in production at the highest dose. The use of 200 mg dm-3 of P, with the source superphosphate + thermophosphate, in soil with high phosphorus initial level, provided higher yield and percentage of bulbs in more valued classes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_caroline_costa.pdf: 410037 bytes, checksum: 70221bc02297589fd9d80d107be7a2aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-22 / The present work had the objective of to study biochemical and physiological alterations in function of pea seed pre hydration with e phasis in the electrolyte leakage and in the expression of different isoenzymatic systems,trying to contribute for the i provement of the pre hydration methods of seeds to be submitted to tests for evaluation of its physiological potential.Seeds lots of cvs.Axé and Maria, characterized for the water content,germination,first ger mination counting,accelerated aging,electrical conductivity and seedling emergence in the field,were used.The seeds of each lot were pre hydrated in saturated atmosphere and hum idified substratu until they reach 10,12 and 14%of water content.After the pre hydration,the seeds were submitted to the tests of electrical conductivity,accelerated aging and leakage of calcium ,potassium and magnesium and characterized for the expression pattern of the isoenzymatic systems Malate Dehydrogenase,Acid Phosphatase,Glutamate Dehydrogenase and Glutamate Oxalacetate Transaminase.The pre hydration of the seeds using saturated atmosphere or humidified substratum see s to affect the process of restructuring the seed cellular e branes system differently,being reflected in alterations in the pattern of electrolyte leakage and Acid Phosphatase isoenzymatic expression.Discrepancies take place a ong results obtained by the test of electrical conductivity for evaluation of the physiological potential of pea seeds,depending on the proceeding adopted to pre hydrate the seeds. / O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de estudar alterações bioquímicas e fisiológicas decorrentes da pré hidratação de sementes de ervilha,com ênfase na lixiviação de eletrólitos e na expressão de diferentes sistemas isoenzim áticos,procurando contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento dos métodos de pré hidratação de sementes a serem submetidas a testes para avaliação do seu potencial fisiológico.Foram utilizados lotes de sementes de ervilha das cultivares Axé e Maria,caracterizados quanto ao teor de água,germinação, primeira contagem de germinação,envelhecimento acelerado,condutividade elétrica e emergência de plântulas e campo.As sementes de cada lote fora pré hidratadas e pregando atmosfera saturada e substrato umedecido,até atingirem teores de água de 10, 12 e 14%.Após a pré hidratação,as sementes foram avaliadas pelos testes de condutividade elétrica,envelhecimento acelerado,lixiviação de cálcio,potássio e magnésio e caracterizadas quanto ao padrão de expressão dos sistemas isoenzimáticos Malato Desidrogenase,Fosfatase Ácida,Glutamato Desidrogenase e Glutamato Oxalacetato Transaminase.A pré hidratação de sementes de ervilha e pregando atmosfera saturada ou substrato umedecido afeta diferentemente o processo de reestruturação do sistema de e branas celulares das sem entes,refletindo se e alterações no padrão de lixiviação de eletrólitos e na expressão do sistema isoezimático Fosfatase Ácida.Ocorre discrepâncias entre resultados obtidos pelo teste de condutividade elétrica para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de ervilha,dependendo do procedim ento adotado para a pré hidratação das sementes.

Dans un contexte d’agriculture durable, la création de variétés combinant des facteurs génétiques de résistance et d’architecture de la plante présente un intérêt majeur pour limiter le développement des maladies. La thèse a visé à analyser l’interdépendance des déterminants génétiques de l’architecture racinaire et de la résistance à A. euteiches, agent pathogène tellurique majeur du pois. Une analyse de génétique d’association conduite sur tout le génome, à partir d’une collection de 266 lignées de pois, a permis d’identifier 150 locus de résistance et d’architecture et de les comparer aux QTL précédemment étudiés. Une région commune à effet majeur a été associée à la résistance et à un caractère de développement racinaire intrinsèque. Plusieurs régions ont été détectées à la fois pour la résistance et des caractères de vigueur racinaire en réponse à l’infection.La combinaison de la résistance et de caractères d’architecture dans une sélection de lignées a été associée à une réduction des pertes de rendement au champ. Les résultats ont permis d’apporter des connaissances originales sur la génétique comparative de la résistance aux maladies et de l’architecture des plantes au niveau racinaire. Ils fournissent des outils, géniteurs et éléments de choix de QTL de résistance et d’architecture racinaire à combiner pour la sélection de futures variétés de pois résistantes à A. euteiches. / In a sustainable agriculture context, breeding for varieties combining genetic resistance and plant architecture is of major interest to limit diseases impacts in crops. The aim of this thesis was to analyze the interpendance of the genetic determinants of root architecture and resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches, a major soil born pathogen of peas. A genome wide association analysis among a 266-pea-line collection enabled us to pinpoint a total of 150 loci associated with resistance and plant architecture, and to compare them with QTL detected in previous studies. A common major locus was associated with resistance and an intrinsic root architecture trait.Several loci were detected for both resistance and disease-induced architecture. The combination of resistance and some architecture traits in selected pea lines was associated with reduced yield losses in infested fields. Results provide original knowledge on comparative genetics of disease resistance and plant architecture for root rot diseases. They provide tools (SNPs and marker haplotypes), parental lines and information for the choice of resistance and architecture QTL to combine in breeding strategies to improve resistance to A. euteiches in future pea varieties.

Les fruits de coriandre ont été identifiés comme une source riche en huile végétale de haute qualité, à forte teneur en acide pétrosélinique et en huile essentielle. Un système d'extraction innovant a été conçu et développé en utilisant la technologie d'extrusion bi-vis. Il a permis l’obtention d'un produit nouveau, à savoir une huile végétale de coriandre aromatisée et à haute valeur ajoutée, d’un condensat présentant une concentration élevée en huile essentielle et d’un tourteau révélant une forte teneur en protéines. Le tourteau a montré son intérêt en tant que liant naturel pour la production de panneaux de fibres renouvelables issus de la paille de coriandre, un résidu de la culture de la plante, conduisant à des agromatériaux auto-liés et ayant un rapport performance/coût élevé. Les fibres de la paille de coriandre ont également présenté une bonne capacité de renforcement lorsqu’elles étaient utilisées comme charge naturelle dans des biocomposites thermoplastiques à base de polypropylène ou de biopolyéthylène, permettant le moulage par injection de matériaux peu couteux et aux propriétés mécaniques prometteuses. Ce travail présente ainsi une forte contribution à la mise en place d'une véritable bioraffinerie intégrée de la coriandre et à la démonstration de sa mise en oeuvre à une échelle industrielle. / Coriander fruits of French origin were identified as a rich source of a high-quality vegetable oil, with a high petroselinic acid content, and essential oil. An innovative extraction system was designed and developed using twin-screw extrusion technology and resulted in the recovery of a novel flavored coriander oil with high added value, as well as a hydrosol product with a high essential oil concentration and a press cake with an important protein fraction. The press cake was shown valuable as a natural binding agent for the production of renewable materials from coriander straw, a crop residue, and led to binderless boards with a high performance-cost ratio. Simultaneously, the coriander straw fibers displayed good reinforcing capacity as a natural filler in thermoplastic biocomposites from polypropylene or biopolyethylene, resulting in cost-effective materials with attractive properties. This work thus presents a strong contribution to the setup of a true integrated biorefinery for coriander fruits and its industrial implementation on a relevant production scale.

Allium sativum has a long tradition in medicine. While much is known about its potential healthy effects, nearly nothing is known about wild garlic (allium sativum, ramson), which is very common in the area of Leipzig and has been used as a herbal remedy since centuries. The goal of the present study was to assess a potential anti-platelet activity of these two allium species and to try to identify the chemical active principle. For that purpose various extracts (hydrophilic and lipophilic) were prepared from Allium sativum and Allium ursinum, and analysed using thin layer chromatography and HPLC. After identifying an active, i.e. antiaggregatory extract (see below), this was fractionated and the active fraction was further sub-fractionated for subsequent chemical analysis by mass spectroscopy, ESI (Electrospray ionization), and COSY (Correlation effect spectroscopy), and functional testing. Anti-platelet activity was assessed in human platelets (platelet rich plasma) using a classical turbidimetric method. Platelets were stimulated with various agonists (arachidonic acid, ADP, epinephrine, collagen, A23187) with and without the addition of the extracts or the fractions /sub-fractions. Both Allium Ursinum and Allium sativum extracts exert antiaggregatory effects with EC50 values around 0.1 mg/ml. The garlic extracts are acting by inhibition of the ADP pathway comparable as known from the clinically used drug clopidegrol.The pharmacological active antiaggregatory component of the extracts appears to be lipophilic rather than hydrophilic. This is the first report on an antiplatelet activity of Allium Ursinum. One final structure determined by HPLC, MS, ESI and COSY which exerts the antiplatelets inhibitory effect is β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside of the fraction 7-14 crystals. It is considered that about three up to five grams of dried leaves might be enough to exert antiaggregatory effects (comment: in pharmacy normally dried plant material is used in therapy). The second compound with antiaggregatory activity was identified as 1-β-D-galactopyranoside-2, 3-bis-linolenic glycerate. The problem of loosing the active volatile oily components by drying the leaves in future studies looking for the clinical use may be solved by looking for a raw or a refined extract which would be the form of a real phytomedical drug; for example capsules about 120 to 200 micrograms of an alcoholic or better an heptane / oily extract gained from wood garlic leaves would be an useful drug formulation to reach respective concentrations in blood. However, we have to admit that since our investigations were in-vitro, the in-vivo situation is somewhat different due to the metabolism, which is nearly unknown. Nevertheless, this study shows for the first time that allium ursinum does exert anti-platelet activity and that both allium species can unfold antiaggregatory effects which are worth to be investigated in subsequent in-vivo studies. β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside and 1-β-D-galactopyranoside-2, 3-bis-linolenic glycerate could be identified as active antiaggregatory principals.