V současné době se problematika energetických úspor dostává do popředí zájmu jak na úrovni jednotlivých podniků, tak i na úrovni celého státu. Často bývá příčinou sporů ve vědeckých kruzích i mezi odborníky z praxe. Lidstvo tradičně začalo využívat energii z minerálních přírodních zdrojů, které však ve srovnání s obnovitelnými zdroji energie mají omezení. Výzkum a implementace moderních technologií jsou ztíženy otázkou investic a časově omezeny. Proto se evropská strategie energetické bezpečnosti zaměřuje na energetickou účinnost, která je jedním z nejefektivnějších způsobů zlepšení bezpečnosti spotřeby energie. Velké společnosti a podniky jsou jedním z hlavních spotřebitelů energie. Proto je tato vědecká práce zaměřena na problematiku úspor energie a zlepšování energetické účinnosti podniku. Těžiště práce spočívá ve vytvoření a zavedení metodiky pro úsporu energie a managementu hospodaření s energií ve výrobním procesu automobilového podniku. Dále je pro účely této práce vytvořen a popsán způsob vizualizace spotřeby energie v prostředí virtuální reality

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Moura Sena.pdf: 709162 bytes, checksum: 8e4be7858a3e49b2004ad3c7494ae2e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-05 / This thesis concerns about proposals were made in order to make flexible the use or application of the FGTS. It includes impact analysis over the government, firms and employees. The FGTS is an important device of public saving and it is able to led resources toward habitation, sewer and infrastructure areas. It is also a sort of contingency reserve available to the workers to use when them got fired or in others specific moments, according to the law. The enterprises face them like an extra cost related to the hiring process. So, it was studied features related to this fund - including management issues - to check the application possibilities and financials outcomes. In the conclusion we realized that FGTS is an important tool, it is not so simple to make its use flexible because the proposals are not complete enough to cover the impacts. And finally, its relevance increases in periods that private credits are reduced / A dissertação analisa as propostas de liberalização do FGTS e seus possíveis impactos sobre o governo, as empresas e os trabalhadores. O FGTS é um importante instrumento de poupança compulsória capaz de direcionar recursos para as áreas de habitação, saneamento básico e infra-estrutura. Ao mesmo tempo, é um pecúlio do trabalhador com o intuito de indenizá-lo quando de sua demissão ou em outras circunstâncias que a lei permite. Acrescente-se que, as empresas o consideram um custo adicional à contratação de trabalhadores pelo mercado formal. Assim, são estudadas as características e aplicações do Fundo, o gerenciamento dos recursos de modo a verificar as aplicações e os retornos financeiros. A conclusão é que, apesar da baixa remuneração ao trabalhador e dos custos para as empresas, o FGTS é um importante instrumento de funding que se torna ainda mais relevante em situações em que há redução do crédito privado

nÃo hà / A presente dissertaÃÃo trata do pregÃo eletrÃnico no Ãmbito da administraÃÃo pÃblica federal e o possÃvel impacto causado na economia creditada ao uso da referida modalidade apÃs o implemento da InstruÃÃo Normativa n 3/2011 do MinistÃrio do Planejamento, OrÃamento e GestÃo (MPOG) que impÃs um intervalo mÃnimo de 20 segundos entre os lances de um mesmo participante, num mesmo item, durante a sessÃo pÃblica e competitiva da referida modalidade. Tal instruÃÃo normativa adveio como resposta do MPOG à determinaÃÃo do Tribunal de Contas da UniÃo (TCU) que determinou ao referido ministÃrio que alterasse a plataforma que promove os pregÃes eletrÃnicos federais implementando dispositivo que pudesse impedir o que aquela corte de contas classificou como fraude ao processo licitatÃrio, referindo-se assim ao uso de software, conhecido como ârobÃâ, que permite a determinados concorrentes o envio de lances em intervalo de tempo impraticÃvel para um operador humano, o que, ainda segundo o TCU, seria uma frustraÃÃo do carÃter competitivo do processo licitatÃrio por colocar os concorrentes usuÃrios do software ârobÃâ em notÃria vantagem frente aos que nÃo o possuÃam. Para mensurar se a alteraÃÃo na dinÃmica do pregÃo eletrÃnico causada pela InstruÃÃo Normativa n 3/2011 impactou na economia ao erÃrio federal creditada ao uso do pregÃo eletrÃnico, foi utilizada a mesma metodologia jà abordada pelo Governo Federal quando este mensura a referida economia. Foram observados dados de aquisiÃÃes dos itens da cesta bÃsica nacional segundo o DIEESE dois anos antes da implementaÃÃo da IN 3/2011 e em igual perÃodo apÃs a implementaÃÃo da referida instruÃÃo normativa, o que significou 18.759 registros entre os anos de 2010 e 2013. Os resultados mostram alteraÃÃo no padrÃo da economia creditada à referida modalidade na forma eletrÃnica apÃs a implementaÃÃo da InstruÃÃo Normativa n 3/2011, apontando um impacto positivo na economia creditada ao uso do pregÃo eletrÃnico dentre o universo dos itens analisados. No final do trabalho, ensejase a elaboraÃÃo de novos estudos visando a anÃlise, possivelmente sob a Ãtica da teoria dos leilÃes, buscando avaliar as razÃes que alteraram o padrÃo na economia gerada pelo pregÃo eletrÃnico apÃs a mudanÃa na dinÃmica do mesmo. / A presente dissertaÃÃo trata do pregÃo eletrÃnico no Ãmbito da administraÃÃo pÃblica federal e o possÃvel impacto causado na economia creditada ao uso da referida modalidade apÃs o implemento da InstruÃÃo Normativa n 3/2011 do MinistÃrio do Planejamento, OrÃamento e GestÃo (MPOG) que impÃs um intervalo mÃnimo de 20 segundos entre os lances de um mesmo participante, num mesmo item, durante a sessÃo pÃblica e competitiva da referida modalidade. Tal instruÃÃo normativa adveio como resposta do MPOG à determinaÃÃo do Tribunal de Contas da UniÃo (TCU) que determinou ao referido ministÃrio que alterasse a plataforma que promove os pregÃes eletrÃnicos federais implementando dispositivo que pudesse impedir o que aquela corte de contas classificou como fraude ao processo licitatÃrio, referindo-se assim ao uso de software, conhecido como ârobÃâ, que permite a determinados concorrentes o envio de lances em intervalo de tempo impraticÃvel para um operador humano, o que, ainda segundo o TCU, seria uma frustraÃÃo do carÃter competitivo do processo licitatÃrio por colocar os concorrentes usuÃrios do software ârobÃâ em notÃria vantagem frente aos que nÃo o possuÃam. Para mensurar se a alteraÃÃo na dinÃmica do pregÃo eletrÃnico causada pela InstruÃÃo Normativa n 3/2011 impactou na economia ao erÃrio federal creditada ao uso do pregÃo eletrÃnico, foi utilizada a mesma metodologia jà abordada pelo Governo Federal quando este mensura a referida economia. Foram observados dados de aquisiÃÃes dos itens da cesta bÃsica nacional segundo o DIEESE dois anos antes da implementaÃÃo da IN 3/2011 e em igual perÃodo apÃs a implementaÃÃo da referida instruÃÃo normativa, o que significou 18.759 registros entre os anos de 2010 e 2013. Os resultados mostram alteraÃÃo no padrÃo da economia creditada à referida modalidade na forma eletrÃnica apÃs a implementaÃÃo da InstruÃÃo Normativa n 3/2011, apontando um impacto positivo na economia creditada ao uso do pregÃo eletrÃnico dentre o universo dos itens analisados. No final do trabalho, ensejase a elaboraÃÃo de novos estudos visando a anÃlise, possivelmente sob a Ãtica da teoria dos leilÃes, buscando avaliar as razÃes que alteraram o padrÃo na economia gerada pelo pregÃo eletrÃnico apÃs a mudanÃa na dinÃmica do mesmo. / The current dissertation delas with electronic trading in federal public administration field and the potential impact on economy credited to the aplication of the related modality after implementing the Normative Instruction n 3/2011 by Planning and Budget Managment Ministry (PBMM) that imposed na at least 20 seconds break between one same attendantâs bids, on a same item, during the public session of this related modality. This Normative Instruction came as na answer of PBMM to the Court Union Accountsâ determination, which led to that ministry to change the platform that promotes federal electronic trading implementing a device that could obstruct what that account court classified as cheating on bidding process, refering to a software known as ârobotâ, that allows human operator unpractical while bids, which according to Court Union Accounts, would represent a disappointment to the competitive edge by putting attendants who use the software ahead over those who did not have. To measure if the changing dynamics impacted the federal economy credited to the electronic trading use, the same federal government measurement metodology was used. Acquisition data of the national food basket were observed, according to DIEESE, two years before the NI 3/2011 implementation and two years after this, which meant 18.759 registries between 2010 and 2013. The results show change in the pattern of the economy credited to that form of bidding in electronic form after the implementation of Instruction No. 3/2011 , pointing a positive impact on the economy credited to the use of electronic trading among the universe of analyzed items. At the end of this thesis, we purpose to elaborate new studies aiming to analyze, possibly from the viewpoint of the theory of auctions, and evaluate The reasons That changed the standard in the saving generated by the electronic trading after its changing dynamics. / The current dissertation delas with electronic trading in federal public administration field and the potential impact on economy credited to the aplication of the related modality after implementing the Normative Instruction n 3/2011 by Planning and Budget Managment Ministry (PBMM) that imposed na at least 20 seconds break between one same attendantâs bids, on a same item, during the public session of this related modality. This Normative Instruction came as na answer of PBMM to the Court Union Accountsâ determination, which led to that ministry to change the platform that promotes federal electronic trading implementing a device that could obstruct what that account court classified as cheating on bidding process, refering to a software known as ârobotâ, that allows human operator unpractical while bids, which according to Court Union Accounts, would represent a disappointment to the competitive edge by putting attendants who use the software ahead over those who did not have. To measure if the changing dynamics impacted the federal economy credited to the electronic trading use, the same federal government measurement metodology was used. Acquisition data of the national food basket were observed, according to DIEESE, two years before the NI 3/2011 implementation and two years after this, which meant 18.759 registries between 2010 and 2013. The results show change in the pattern of the economy credited to that form of bidding in electronic form after the implementation of Instruction No. 3/2011 , pointing a positive impact on the economy credited to the use of electronic trading among the universe of analyzed items. At the end of this thesis, we purpose to elaborate new studies aiming to analyze, possibly from the viewpoint of the theory of auctions, and evaluate The reasons That changed the standard in the saving generated by the electronic trading after its changing dynamics.

The aim of this study was to highlight the final evaluation of the money invested in pension insurance due to the client's age and to develop model examples for various types of participants in pension plans. This aim of the study was achieved through the data collection, analysis, calculation and deduction of results.The performed analysis allowed to assess the profitability of pension. It enabled insight into the situation III. pillar pension system. It referred to the total amount saved after the end of the savings and to the number of percentage return the savings bring.It was concluded that pension schemes are only worth it for a short term. After some time, profitability is greatly reduced.

The aim of this thesis was to choose some types of investments and set the expected return using time series; furthermore to compare these possibilities using multi-dimensional assessment. I chose four types of investments, namely: mutual funds, life insurance, additional pension savings and building savings. I expected a monthly deposit of 1000 CZK for a period of 20 years in my thesis. In case the investor would keep this money cash or on a bank account, where he would not have to pay account fees and have a zero interest rate, he would save 240 000 CZK during this period. Based on published historical returns I modeled the expected return of the investment by means of methods of time series. For modeling the return I used the model of linear trend. The highest revaluation is expected with the additional pension savings, where the dynamic strategy brings the overall return of 414 214 CZK, the balanced strategy 379 874 CZK and the conservative strategy 333 209 CZK. The investment into mutual funds using conservative strategy brings 317 894 CZK, using balanced strategy brings the return of 314 986 CZK. When choosing the conservative strategy of life insurance the overall return is 296 071 CZK and when choosing the balanced strategy it is 292 614 CZK. The expected return of the building saving is 286 139 CZK. However, it is not recommended to opt for an investment only based on the expected return. We have to take into consideration as well the risk of the investment, input one-time fee and the overall fee (monthly or annual fees). For this reason I determined the category of the above mentioned criteria, which I set using scoring method. For the determination of the order I chose the TOPSIS method and the scoring method. Based on the carried out above methods it is certain that the best investment is investing in additional pension savings.

This research established the determinants of the investment choices between the RSA Government Retail Bonds and the stokvel by salaried individuals. The research carried out a comparative analysis between the two investment instruments. The main data was drawn from FinMark for the period 2011 to 2015. The research used a combination of data tables and graphs to analyse frequency (distribution) of use in each of the investment choices. The research used Pearson’s Chi square and Fishers’ t-test to determine the distribution, independence and Cramer’s V coefficient was applied to establish the correlation between the investment choices and the demographic under review. The outcome of the research indicated that more than risk or return inherent in the investment instruments under review, social, psychological and cultural disposition towards these investment instruments played a significant part in influencing the investment choices under review. Furthermore, lower educated individuals at low salary levels had the highest usage in stokvel and the highly educated at the higher level of education opted to invest in the RSA Government Retail Bonds. There was a very low usage in both the investment instruments by the ‘no formal education’ and primary education levels. Pearson’s Chi square and Fishers’ exact tests indicated that, race, education, location and salary levels can be used to explain the differences in investment choices between the RSA Government Retail Bonds and stokvel. According to these tests, age was statistically insignificant to explain the effects of the demographics under review on making investment choices. The results indicate that racial, educational, salary and location differences need to be properly factored into the policy development in so far as investment and savings are concerned. / Finance, Risk Management and Banking / M. Com. (Business Management)

This thesis deals with the possibilities of financing housing, in particular savings instrument. The main goal is to determine, what are the differences between building savings banks, especially in the product. Another goal is to monitor and evaluate the options selected housing financing in the Czech Republic. The work focuses on market analysis, building societies and comparison of their products. The first part deals with the explanation of the concepts of housing and savings, including the establishment process of building savings and loan drawdown of savings. Attention is also paid to support housing programs from various government entities. Another part describes building savings banks operating on the Czech market. The last part describes and compares the conditions of products, what conclusions arise that are described in the summary at the end of work. Finally, the work summarizes the most important facts from all the chapters.

This thesis is focused on products used to cover the needs of the people in retirement in the conditions of the Czech Republic, which can be a suitable complement to the constantly decreasing values of the retirement pension paid by the State. At first I will describe the current situation of the Czech pension system and its compulsory transformation into a multi-pillar system. The following chapters are devoted to analyzing individual products in terms of making savings for retirement. In the last chapter I compare different products and try to find out the best way how to secure individuals savings for life in the retirement according to a particular state revenues and expenditures.

The savings ratio for Swedish households is record-breaking and Sweden, together with the rest of the world, is currently in the middle of a pandemic. What drives individuals to save is based on a number of different factors that previous research has concluded. The purpose of this study is to, with previous research as a basis, investigate which factors affect the savings ratio for Swedish households. Quarterly data for the years 1982–2020 is analyzed in a time series by first processing for unit roots and then cointegration. The data is then estimated in a multiple linear regression in the form of an “Error Correction Model”, with the intention of investigating both the short-term and long-term relationship. The results of the study indicate that the variables that have a significant impact on the change in the household savings ratio are GDP per capita, inflation, unemployment and consumption, while public savings and the development of the stock market have a significant but less considerable effekt. The economic theories that the study findssupport for are the theory of precautionary savings as well as the standard buffer-stock model. / Sparkvoten hos svenska hushåll är rekordhög och Sverige, tillsammans med resten av världen, befinner sig för närvarande mitt i en pandemi. Vad som driver individer till att spara grundar sig i en rad olika faktorer som tidigare forskning kommit fram till. Syftet med denna studie är att, med tidigare forskning som grund, undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar sparkvoten för svenska hushåll. Kvartalsdata för åren 1982–2020 analyseras i en tidsserie genom att först behandlas för enhetsrötter och sedan kointegration. Därefter skattas de i en multipel linjär regressionsanalys i form av en ”Error Correction Model”, med avsikt att utreda både det kortsiktiga- och långsiktiga sambandet. Resultatet av studien indikerar att de variabler som har en signifikant betydande påverkan på förändringen i hushållens sparkvot är BNP per capita, inflation, arbetslöshet samt konsumtion, medan offentligt sparande och utveckling av aktiemarknaden har en signifikant men mindre betydande effekt. De ekonomiska teorier som studien finner stöd i är teorin om försiktighetssparandet samt standard buffertlager-modellen.

V současné době se problematika energetických úspor dostává do popředí zájmu jak na úrovni jednotlivých podniků, tak i na úrovni celého státu. Často bývá příčinou sporů ve vědeckých kruzích i mezi odborníky z praxe. Lidstvo tradičně začalo využívat energii z minerálních přírodních zdrojů, které však ve srovnání s obnovitelnými zdroji energie mají omezení. Výzkum a implementace moderních technologií jsou ztíženy otázkou investic a časově omezeny. Proto se evropská strategie energetické bezpečnosti zaměřuje na energetickou účinnost, která je jedním z nejefektivnějších způsobů zlepšení bezpečnosti spotřeby energie. Velké společnosti a podniky jsou jedním z hlavních spotřebitelů energie. Proto je tato vědecká práce zaměřena na problematiku úspor energie a zlepšování energetické účinnosti podniku. Těžiště práce spočívá ve vytvoření a zavedení metodiky pro úsporu energie a managementu hospodaření s energií ve výrobním procesu automobilového podniku. Dále je pro účely této práce vytvořen a popsán způsob vizualizace spotřeby energie v prostředí virtuální reality